1. H. Holzhey, W. Röd: Filosofie 19. A 20. století. II. Praha: Oikoymenh, 2006.

2. R. Thurnher, W. Röd, H. Schmidinger: Filosofie 19. A 20. století. III. Praha: Oikoymenh, 2009.

3. J. Bodnár, P. Cmorej, I. Hrušovský, A. Riška, ed.: Logický empirizmus a filozofia prírodných vied. Antológia z diel filozofov, 9. zv. Bratislava: VPL, 1968.

Course requirements:

The students can take the state exam

a) After obtaining at least such number of credits that after obtaining credits for successful completion of state exams, they achieve the necessary number of credits for the proper completion of studies,

b) After successful completion of compulsory subjects, compulsory elective subjects, and elective subjects in the composition determined by the study program,

c) After fulfilling the student's obligations arising from § 71, par. 3 letter b of the Higher Education Act, d) If no disciplinary action is taken against them.

Successful completion of the state exam is one of the conditions for successful completion of the study program. The subject of the state exam is evaluated by the committee for state exams using the grading scale A-FX. The evaluation of the state exam or its part is decided by the exam committee by consensus. If the exam committee does not reach a consensus, the evaluation of the state examination or its part is decided by voting.

On the basis of the wording of the study regulations of the faculty (Internal Rules and Regulations 5/2020, Art. 15), the framework dates of state exams are set by the dean in accordance with the faculty’s academic schedule. Departments are obliged to publish the dates of their state exams on the website no later than 5 weeks before they take place. The student registers for the state exam through the academic information system (AIS) at least three weeks before it takes place.

The student is entitled to one regular and two resit attempts of the state exam. The regular attempt is the one for which the student applied for the first time within the deadline set for state exams. If the student was evaluated with the FX mark on the regular attempt of the state exam, the student may take resits of the state exam

a) on the following dates assigned for state exams in the relevant academic year, or

b) on the dates assigned for state exams in one of the following academic years in accordance with § 65, par. 2 of the Higher Education Act.

If the student is unable to come on the day of the state exam for which they have registered on serious grounds, they are obliged to apologize in writing to the chairman of the exam committee in advance or no later than three working days after the date of the state exam or its part, if there were serious obstacles that prevented them to do so in advance. If the student does not attend the state exam or its part without an excuse within the specified period, or if the chairman of the exam committee does not accept their excuse, they are assessed with the FX grade from that attempt of the state exam.

Slovak

1. The student arrives on the registered date of the state exam according to the schedule set by the department.

2. The student receives a question from the subject of the state exam, which is submitted in writing and anonymously in the form of a random selection from printed questions or a generator.

3. The exam committee will provide the student with reasonable time to prepare an oral answer to the question.

4. The student presents the prepared answer to the question in front of the exam committee and answers the additional questions.

5. After the student finishes their answer, the exam committee decides on the results of the state exam in a closed session of the exam committee.

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The students who pass the state exam have comprehensively mastered the issue of the state exam in the context of specified areas. They have

A: in the knowledge area:

• deeper knowledge of selected schools, trends, streams and figures in the history of philosophy (history of philosophy of the 20th century);

B: in the skill area:

• developed professional skills of independent work with philosophical problems and texts, their comparison, critical analysis and interpretation.

1. Kolář, Peter - Svoboda, Vladimír. Logika a etika. Úvod do metaetiky. Praha: Filosofia, 1997.

ISBN: 80-7007-100-1.

2. BRÁZDA, Radim: Ethicum. Zlín: VeRBuM, 2010. ISBN: 978-80-904273-9-6.

3. LONGINO, Helen. Usmerňovanie sociálneho obratu vo filozofii vedy. Filozofia. 2009. roč.

64, č. 4, s. 312-324. ISSN 0046-385X (Available on: http://www.klemens.sav.sk/fiusav/doc/

filozofia/2009/4/312-323.pdf).

5. SZAPUOVÁ, Mariana, NUHLÍČEK, Martin, CHABADA, Michal (eds). Veda, spoločnosť a

hodnoty. Bratislava: Univerzita Komenského v Bratislave, 2019. ISBN 978-80-223-4749-5.

6. GAHÉR, František. Logická sémantika a všeobecná teória prekladu. Bratislava: Stimul, 2010.

ISBN 978-80-89236-97-8. Available on: https://stella.uniba.sk/texty/fg-lsavtp.pdf.

7. GAHÉR, František, ŠTEVČEK, Marek, BRAXATORIS, Martin. Nástroje a pravidlá produkcie

a interpretácie koncízneho textu (s osobitným zreteľom na normativitu). In: Jazykovedný časopis.

2019, roč. 70, č. 1, s. 75-94. ISSN (online) 1338-4287.

8. GAHÉR, František. Vetné operátory: ich interakcie (s vektormi času, kauzality a epistemickej

relevancie) a ich konštrukcie. In: Jazykovedný časopis. 2020, roč. 71, č. 2, s. 197-212. ISSN

(online) 1338-4287.

9. BIELIK, Lukáš. Metodologické aspekty vedy. Bratislava: Univerzita Komenského v

Bratislave, 2019. ISBN 978-80-223-4788-4.

10. DALY, Chris. An Introduction to Philosophical Methods. Peterborough: Broadview Press,

2010. ISBN 978-1-55111-934-2.

Thematic areas:

Metaethics:

1. Metaethics (definition of metaethics, metaethics vs. normative and descriptive ethics, dichotomy of facts and values, problem of good / "open question")

2. Metaethical cognitivism and noncognitivism (the question of the truth of moral judgments, the question of the existence of moral facts, emotivism, prescriptivism, expressivism, the theory of error, arguments in favor of cognitivism / noncognitivism and their criticism)

3. Metaethical constructivism (moral obligation, the question of the existence of moral facts, the role of practical rationality, contractualism, Kantian constructivism, discursive ethics, arguments in favor of constructivism and their criticism)

4. Metaethical realism and naturalism (the question of the existence of moral facts, forms of realism and naturalism, the problem of constitution, supervenience, non-anthropocentric ethics, arguments in favor of realism / naturalism and their criticism)

5. Metaethical internalism and externalism (moral motivation and its sources, motivating vs. normative reasons, conative vs. cognitive states, psychological and nonpsychological theories of motivation, amoralism, altruism, main arguments in favor of internalism and externalism and their criticism)

Social and ethical problems of science:

1. The social turn in the philosophy of science, its assumptions and consequences

2. Values in science and the problem of value neutrality of scientific knowledge

3. Feminist epistemology and the problem of the social nature of scientific knowledge

4. Science as a social institution and the normative structure of science

5. Ethics in science and ethics of science (internal and external ethics of science)

Logic semantics:

1. Traditional semantics (concept vs. idea, content of concept/conceptual features, scope of concept).

2. Principles of logical semantics for natural language analysis.

3. Theories of meaning of expressions (extensional, intensional and hyperintensional) and types of contexts.

4. Linguistic phenomena violating some principles of logical semantics.

5. Rules for the formation and reconstruction of compacted and uncompacted texts.

Methods of science and philosophy.

1. Sources of knowledge and classification of statements.

2. Thought experiments and their function in science and philosophy.

3. Conceptual analysis and definition.

4. Testing: scientific hypotheses and philosophical theses.

5. Scientific theories: structure and functions.

The students can take the state exam

a) After obtaining at least such number of credits that after obtaining credits for successful completion of state exams, they achieve the necessary number of credits for the proper completion of studies,

b) After successfully completing the compulsory subjects, compulsory elective subjects, and elective subjects in the composition determined by the study program,

c) After fulfilling the student's obligations arising from § 71, par. 3 letter b of the Higher Education Act, d) If no disciplinary action is taken against them.

Successful completion of the state exam is one of the conditions for successful completion of the study program. The subject of the state exam is evaluated by the committee for state exams using the grading scale A-FX. The evaluation of the state exam or its part is decided by the exam committee by consensus. If the exam committee does not reach a consensus, the evaluation of the state examination or its part is decided by voting.

On the basis of the wording of the study regulations of the faculty (Internal Rules and Regulations 5/2020, Art. 15), the framework dates of state exams are set by the dean in accordance with the faculty’s academic schedule. Departments are obliged to publish the dates of their state exams on the website no later than 5 weeks before they take place. The student registers for the state exam through the academic information system (AIS) at least three weeks before it takes place.

The student is entitled to one regular and two resit attempts of the state exam. The regular attempt is the one for which the student applied for the first time within the deadline set for state exams. If the student was evaluated with the FX mark on the regular attempt of the state exam, the student may take resits of the state exam

a) On the following dates assigned for state exams in the relevant academic year, or

b) On the dates assigned for state exams in one of the following academic years in accordance with § 65, par. 2 of the Higher Education Act.

If the student is unable to come on the day of the state exam for which they have registered on serious grounds, they are obliged to apologize in writing to the chairman of the exam committee in advance or no later than three working days after the date of the state exam or its part, if there were serious obstacles that prevented them to do so in advance. If the student does not attend the state exam or its part without an excuse within the specified period, or if the chairman of the exam committee does not accept their excuse, they are assessed with the FX grade from that attempt of the state exam.

Slovak

1. The student arrives on the registered date of the state exam according to the schedule set by the department.

2. The student receives a question from the subject of the state exam, which is submitted in writing and anonymously in the form of a random selection from printed questions or a generator.

3. The exam committee will provide the student with reasonable time to prepare an oral answer to the question.

4. The student presents the prepared answer to the question in front of the exam committee and answers the additional questions.

5. After the student finishes their answer, the exam committee decides on the results of the state exam in a closed session of the exam committee.

The course of the state exam and the announcement of its results are public.

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The students who pass the state exam have comprehensively mastered the issue of the state exam in the context of specified areas. They have

A: In the knowledge area: deeper theoretical knowledge of selected areas of philosophical thinking (ethics, social and political philosophy, epistemology, metaphysics), especially with a focus on the chosen topic of the final (diploma) thesis.

B: In the skill area: developed abilities to use the relevant conceptual and categorical apparatus of philosophy and relevant methods of solving theoretical and practical problems (logic, methodology and philosophy of science).

According to the topic of the thesis.

Submission of the diploma thesis by the deadline specified in the timetable of the current academic year for the respective date of the state examination. The diploma thesis is submitted in a printed version in two bound copies (at least one of which is in hardcover) to the relevant department and in an electronic version via AIS. The thesis must meet the parameters specified by Internal Regulation No. 7/2018 Directive of the Rector of Comenius University on the basic requisites of final theses, rigorous theses and habilitation theses, control of their originality, storage and accessibility at Comenius University in Bratislava. The provisions of Article 14 of the Study Regulations of the Faculty of Arts of Comenius University apply to the evaluation of the diploma thesis as a subject of the state examination.

Slovak

1. Contribution of the thesis to the field of study, depending on its nature and degree of study. The evaluation of the thesis takes into account whether the students adequately treat the chosen topic at the level of a scientific study with a representative selection of literature, whether the chosen scientific procedures are adequate and appropriate, and whether they work adequately with hypotheses that can be verified. The diploma thesis shall be an apparent contribution to the relevant field of study.

2. Originality of the thesis (the thesis must not be plagiarized, it must not infringe the copyrights of other authors), the documentation for the defence of the thesis as a subject of the state examination also includes an originality protocol from the central register, the results of which are commented on by the supervisor and the opponent in their opinions;

3. Accuracy and correctness of the quotation of used information sources, research results of other authors and author teams, correctness of the description of methods and working procedures of other authors or author teams;

4. Compliance of the structure of the thesis with the prescribed structure defined by Internal Regulation No. 12/2013;

5. Respecting the recommended length of the thesis (the recommended length of a diploma thesis is usually 50-70 standard pages - 90,000 to 126,000 characters including spaces), the appropriateness of the scope of the thesis is judged by the supervisor;

6. Linguistic and stylistic level of the thesis and formal editing;

7. The manner and form of the thesis defence and the student's ability to respond adequately to comments and questions in the supervisor's and opponent's evaluations.

0%/100%

When writing the diploma thesis, students are able to elaborate the chosen topic at the level of a scientific study with a representative selection of literature, with appropriately chosen scientific procedures and hypotheses that can be verified. The diploma thesis is a contribution to the relevant field of study.