Harsh Mohan: Patológia. KNIŽNICA LF UK
Recommended study literature--
Examination: oral state exam
Slovak, English
1. Spine, vertebrae, joints, function
2. Chest, skeleton, connections, function
3. Skull bones
4. Skeleton of the upper limb, conjunctions
5. Skeleton of the lower limb, conjunctions
6. Pelvis
7. Oral cavity, pharynx, oesophagus, stomach, and their function
8. Small and large intestine, and their function
9. Liver, bile ducts, gallbladder, pancreas, and their function
10. Nasal cavity, larynx, trachea, and their function
11. Bronchi, lungs, and their function
12. External description of heart, cavities and valves of heart, and their function
13. Transmission system and blood vessels of heart, function
14. Pulmonary blood circulation, physiological properties
15. Body blood circulation, physiological properties
16. Excretory system, functions
17. Medulla spinalis, medulla oblongata, pons, cerebellum, and their function
18. Mesencephalon, diencephalon, and their function
19. Telencephalon, primary, secondary and tertiary and associative cortical areas
20. CNS cavities and casings
21. Autonomic nervous system, and their function
22. Epithelial tissue, and its function
23. Muscle tissue, supportive and connective tissue
24. Blood and haematopoiesis, blood groups, blood clotting
25. Nerve tissue, neuron, its function
26. Microscopic anatomy of cardiovascular system (heart, arteries, capillaries, veins) and respiratory system
27. Microscopic anatomy of digestive system (hollow organs of the digestive system, glandular organs of digestive system (salivary glands, liver, pancreas, gallbladder))
28. Microscopic anatomy of central and peripheral nervous system, and endocrine glands
29. Homeostasis
30. Negative and positive feedback
31. Endocrine system
32. Neuron, nerve excitement, resting membrane potential, receptor potential, action potential, neuromuscular transmission
33. Reflex arc
34. Basic physiological properties of heart muscle (automation, conductivity, irritability, contractility)
35. Cardiac cycle
36. Cardiac output, preload, contractility, afterload
37. ECG
38. Blood flow in blood vessels, blood pressure, factors influencing blood pressure
39. Blood capillaries, hydrostatic and oncotic pressure in capillaries
40. Nervous and humoral regulation of cardiovascular system activity
41. Ventilation, tidal volumes, dead space
42. Diffusion, perfusion, transmission of respiratory gases in blood, oxygen supply
43. Nephron and its function, glomerular filtration, tubular processes in kidneys
44. The role of kidneys and respiration in regulation of acid-base balance, blood pH, maintenance of acid-base balance
45. Sensory perception, sight, hearing, taste, smell, balance, pain
46. Movement regulation
47. Bioenergetics (glycolysis, Krebs cycle, oxidative phosphorylation)
48. Nutrition, work metabolism, thermoregulation
49. Atrophy, dystrophy, necrosis
50. Hypertrophy, hyperplasia
51. Disorders of ventilation, diffusion and perfusion
52. Types of hypoxia
53. Lung diseases caused by pollutants in the inhaled air
54. Chronic respiratory diseases (bronchitis, emphysema, asthma)
55. Respiratory insufficiency
56. Anemia
57. Leukocyte disorders
58. Contraction-relaxation cycle of the heart muscle
59. Myocardial contractile function, pump function of the heart
60. Hypertrophy of the heart
61. Cardiomyopathy
62. Heart failure
63. Acquired heart defects
64. Congenital heart defects
65. Systemic arterial hypertension
66. Shock states
67. Atherosclerosis
68. Ischemic heart disease, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction
69. Pulmonary hypertension, cor pulmonale
70. Pathophysiology of cerebral circulation, intracranial hemorrhage, cerebral infarction
71. Electrophysiological basis of heart rhythm disorders
72. Disorders of sinusoatrial node function, disorders of A-V conduction, tachyarrhythmias
73. Diseases of the venous system
74. Disorders of glomerular function, glomerulonephritis, glomerulopathy
75. Renal failure
76. Diabetes mellitus
77. Intracranial hypertension
78. Liver cirrhosis, portal hypertension, ascites, liver failure
79. Jaundice
80. Generalized skeletal disorders
81. Dehydration, hyperhydration
82. Disorders of electrolyte economy (Na +, K +, Ca2 +)
83. Disorders of acid-base balance
84. Pathophysiology of the thyroid gland
85. Pathophysiology of parathyroid glands
0/100
The student will repeat the theoretical foundations of medicine and thus gain the necessary overview.
Recommended study literature
Final exam: State examination
Slovak in combination with English (some of the suggested readings are in English).
1. Newton laws of dynamics, constant and acerated motion
2. Oscillations of a linear harmonic oscillator: undamped, damped
3. Forced oscillations, resonance
4. Mechanical energy, work, power, conservation laws (energy, momentum, angular momentum)
5. Basic laws of hydrostatics, hydrodynamics and their applications (Pascal's law, Archimedes' law, Bernoulli's equation, continuity equation)
6. Electric charge, electric field intensity, electric charge density.
7. Gauss's law and its use to calculate the electric field in symmetric cases.
8. Electrostatic field of a dipole and force effects of an electric field on a dipole.
9. Electric field around conductors and in their cavities. The relationship between the intensity of the electric field and the surface charge density.
10. Ampere's law and its use for calculation of magnetic fields in symmetric cases.
11. Electromagnetic induction, Lenz's law.
12. Basic properties of electromagnetic waves. Poynting vector. Light intensity.
13. Polarization of light (Fresnel equations, Brewster angle). Realization of polarized waves.
14. Interference of light waves (Beam coherence - methods for producing two coherent light sources)
15. Diffraction (Huygens-Fresnel principle, slit, difraction grating).
16. Rutherford scattering
17. X-rays
18. Bohr model of hydrogen atom and radiation spectra
19. Nuclear binding energy (Weizsäcker formula, applications)
20. Statistical law of radioactive decay
21. Alpha decay of nuclei, beta decay
22. Mechanisms of ionizing radiation interaction with matter.
23. Interaction of gamma radiation with matter
24. Physical principles of particle detection.
25. Continuous random variables. Probability density function. Expected value and mean squared deviation. State two examples of probability density functions.
26. The Drunkard's Walk. Dependence of the mean square of the distance on the number of steps.
27. Maxwell's velocity distribution. The most probable value of the velocity and the average squared velocity.
28. Boltzmann distribution. Barometric formula.
29. The first law of thermodynamics for an ideal gas. Mayer's relationship.
30. Carnot cycle.
31. Gas work (isochoric, isobaric, isothermal, adiabatic process)
32. Gas entropy increment (isochoric, isobaric, isothermal, adiabatic process).
33. Two-state system (spin) at temperature T. Average energy.
34. Grand canonical distribution (Bose-Einstein distribution, Fermi-Dirac distribution).
35. Canonical ensemble. Statistical sum. Calculation of the expected value of energy from the statistical sum.
36. Passage of particles through the barrier - quantum tunnelling (importance in biology).
0/100
The condition for passing the course is successful completion of the state examination
M. B. Jackson: Molecular and cellular biophysics. Cambridge. Cambridge University Press, 2006
D. G. Nicholls, S. J. Ferguson: Bioenergetics 4th edition. London : Academic Press, 2013
D. Uhríková a kol.: Biofyzika - Vybrané kapitoly, Učebnica pre vysoké školy, Univerzita
Komenského v Bratislave, 2015
P. F. Dillon, Biophysics: A physiological approach, Cambridge University Press, 2012;
B. Alberts et al., Základy buněčné biologie: Úvod do molekulární biologie buňky. Espero
Publishing, 2001
T. Furukawa (Ed.): Biological Imaging and Sensing. Berlin, Springer, 2004
D. Shi (Ed.): Biomedical devices and their applications. Berlin, Springer, 2004
K. Najarian, R. Splinter.: Biomedical signal and image processing, second edition, CRP Press,
Taylor & Francis, 2012
J. B. Pawley (Ed.): Handbook of biological confocal microscopy. New York, Springer, 2006
G. G. Hammes: Spectroscopy for the biological sciences. Wiley on line books, 2005
B. Nölting: Methods in modern biophysics, 3rd edition. Springer Verlag Berlin, 2009
oral state exam
Slovak, English
1. Structure and function of biopolymers, characteristic types of bonds, polymerization as a chemical process, types of biopolymers
2. Structure, physical properties and function of nucleic acids, genetic code, gene, information transfer
3. Structure, physical properties and function of proteins, peptide bond, types of protein structures
4. Principles of cell structural organization, types of organelles and their importance, cell locomotor system, cell growth and division
5. Cell division, intercellular connections, necrosis, apoptosis, excessive cell proliferation (cancer)
6. Membrane biophysics, lipid bilayer, phase transitions, membrane models, role of lipids and proteins in the membrane
7. Passive transport of substances across membranes
8. Active transport of substances across membranes
9. Protein-lipid interactions, ion channels, exchangers, membrane receptors
10. Electrical properties of cells. Rest potential.
11. Physics of nerve impulse, structure of nerve cell, formation of action potential, Hodgkin-Huxley model
12. Synaptic transmission in the neuromuscular junction and in the central nervous system.
13. Molecular mechanisms of memory and learning
14. Muscle contraction, muscle structure, muscle proteins, biophysics of muscle contraction, mechanochemical coupling, basics of muscle regulation
15. Electrical activity of skeletal muscle cells and heart muscle.
16. Cell bioenergetics, mechanisms of membrane phosphorylation
17. Influence of physical factors on biosystems, influence of ionizing and non-ionizing radiation mechanisms
18. Photosynthesis of plants and bacteria
19. Photoreception, mechanisms of vertebrate and invertebrate vision
20. Thin films, micelles, liposomes and interfaces
21. Rheology of biological fluids
22. Microscopic techniques (light, polarized, confocal, electron microscopy)
23. Force microscopes
24. Optical absorption spectroscopy and its applications in cell diagnostics
25. Fluorescence spectroscopy, fluorescence microscopy
26. Mass, Raman, Infrared spectroscopy
27. Flow cytometry and its use in medicine
28. Stem cells - classification, principle, use in medicine,
29. Separation methods of biological samples: electrophoresis, centrifugation, distillation, extraction
30. Dialysis; Calorimetry (differential scanning, isothermal titration)
31. Chromatographic methods (paper, thin film, ion exchange, gel, affinity, capillary, gas, HPLC)
32. Types of biological signals, their origin, sensing and significance in medicine
33. Statistical analysis of biosignals, mathematical modeling and signal fitting
34. Visualization of biosignals
35. Tomography - principle and types
36. X-ray and CT (computed tomography) - principles and medical applications
37. PET - Positron emission tomography, gammagraphy, scintigraphy
38. SPECT - Single photon emission computed tomography
39. Electrophysiological methods of cell study
40. Methods of recording and analysis of bio-electromagnetic signals
41. Phototherapy and photodiagnostics
42. Ultrasound in medicine
43. Radiotherapy
44. Methods of genetic modulation
45. Medical applications of magnetic resonance
46. Internet portal eHealth, information systems
0/100
The student will repeat the theoretical and experimental methods of medical biophysics will gain
the necessary overview.
Introduction to physics in modern medicine / Suzanne Amador Kane. Abingdon : Taylor & Francis, 2003
Statistical Methods in Medical Research / P. Armitage, G. Berry, J.N.S. Matthews. Malden, Mass. : Blackwell Science, 2002
Biomedical signal image processing / Kayyvan Najarian, Robert Splinter. Boca Raton, Fla. : Taylor & Francis, 2006
Exam: Diploma thesis defense
Slovak, English
Presentation, defense and discussion of own results in the field of biomedical physics.
0/100
After completing the course, students will be able to present, defend and discuss their own results in the field of biomedical physics.