Current sources on the studied issues

Defined in the individual study plan of the doctoral student and in the Study Regulations of FPHARM CU.

The doctoral student will obtain the rating completed with credit value after successfully defending the dissertation thesis. Fulfillment of required conditions according to regulations and submission of dissertation thesis.

Slovak language, in case of the consent of the dean and the consent of the chairman of the commettee of the doctoral study on the proposal of the doctoral student also in another world language, preferably English.

1) The doctoral student will prepare a dissertation thesis. Through the dissertation, the student demonstrates the ability and readiness for independent scientific and creative activity in the field of research or development or for independent theoretical and creative activity. It should be characterized by a high degree of analysis and synthesis of knowledge, as well as a sufficient overview of the existing literature. The work must be original, created by the author in compliance with the rules of working with information sources. The school work must not have the character of plagiarism, nor must it infringe the copyrights of other authors. The author is obliged to thoroughly cite the information sources used, to name the specific and specific research results of other authors or authors, by citing the relevant source, to accurately describe the methods and working procedures of other authors or collectors, to document laboratory results and field research of other authors or collectives. The citation technique is guided by the practice in the given scientific field, respecting the relevant standards and norms. 2) The doctoral student will briefly state the essential content of his / her dissertation, its concept, results and contribution in the defense of the dissertation. 3) The doctoral student will take a position on the opinions of the opponents, in particular he will comment on all objections and comments and answer their questions. 4) During the discussion, the doctoral student will answer all questions and take a stand on all suggestions and objections of its participants.

after a successful defense he / she will obtain a title PhD.

Current sources on the studied issues

Defined in the individual study plan of the doctoral student and in the Study Regulations of FPHARM CU.

The doctoral student will obtain the rating completed with credit value after successfully passing the dissertation exam with the result passed

Slovak language, in case of the consent of the dean and the consent of the chairman of the commettee of the doctoral study on the proposal of the doctoral student also in another world language, preferably English.

1) The dissertation examination consists of a part consisting of a discussion of the written work for the dissertation examination - project proposal.

2) The dissertation examination consists of a part in which the doctoral student has to demonstrate theoretical knowledge in the specified subjects of the dissertation examination.

3) The subjects of the dissertation examination consist of the main subject and secondary subjects according to the characteristics of the study program of the doctoral degree in the field of study.

At the dissertation exam, the student must demonstrate not only knowledge of the specified subjects of the exam, but also the ability under the supervision of the supervisor to submit a dissertation project proposal, method of solving experimental procedures, ability to form conclusions based on results and defend their project proposal before a committee of the doctoral study.

Chackalamannil, S., Rotella, D., & Ward, S. (2017). Comprehensive Medicinal Chemistry III, 3. Vyd. Elsevier, Amsterdam, Holandsko, 4536 s.

Patrick, G.L. (2017). An Introduction to Medicinal Chemistry. 6. Vyd. Oxford University Press, New York, USA, 832 s.

Remko, M. (2019). Základy medicínskej a farmaceutickej chémie, 3. Vyd. Remedika, Bratislava, SR, 480 s.

Roche, V.F., Zito, S.V., Lemke, T.L., & Williams, D.A. (2019). Foye´s Principles of Medicinal Chemistry, 8. Vyd. Wolters Kluwer Health Adis (ESP), Baltimore, USA, 1168 s.

Silverman, R.B., & Holladay, M.W. (2015). The Organic Chemistry of Drug Design and Drug Action. 3. Vyd. Elsevier, Waltham, USA, 521 s.

Wermuth, C., Aldous, D., Raboisson, P., & Rognan, D. (2015). The Practice of Medicinal Chemistry. 4. Vyd. Academic Press (Elsevier), San Diego, CA, USA; Kidlington, Oxford, Veľká Británia, 903 s

Successful passing of the exam

Slovak language

Lecturers: prof. RNDr. Peter Mikuš, PhD, prof. Ing. Vladimír Frecer, DrSc., doc. PharmDr. Ivan Malík, PhD., doc. Mgr. Fils Andriamainty, PhD., Dr.h.c. prof. RNDr. Jozef Čižmárik, PhD., doc. PharmDr. Miroslava Sýkorová, PhD., PharmDr. Vladimír Garaj, PhD.

Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry is a science unto itself, a central science positioned to provide a molecular bridge between basic science of biology and clinical science of medicine (analogous to chemistry being the (central) science between traditional disciplines of biology and physics). From a very broad perspective, a drug design may be divided into two phases fundamental concepts about: a) drugs, receptors, and drug–receptor interactions; b) drug–receptor interactions applied to human disease. Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry is interdisciplinary, drawing very suitably on Theoretical Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, Molecular Biology, Pharmacology, and Biochemistry. Despite these complexities, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry has its own clear line – the design and discovery of drug molecules with a comprehensive and precise definition and characterization of their properties, taking into account i) structural integrity of the drug molecules (in pharmaceutical, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic phase, respectively), ii) their structural fragments (pharmacophore, toxicophore, metabophore, biophore, etc.; interchangeable bioisosteres), iii) structural properties, iv) physicochemical features (solubility, surface activity, acid-base and lipohydrophilic properties, stability), v) shape properties (geometric, conformational, topological, steric), vi) stereochemical properties (optical isomers, enantiomers, geometric isomers), estimation of binding affinities (in vitro ligand binding assays) and impact of the drugs - enantiomers and isomers to relevant biological targets), vii) electronic properties. Following that knowledge, structure–biological activity relationships and/or structure-pharmacokinetics relationships and/or structure-toxicity relationships are comprehensively investigated (SAR, STR, QSAR).

Expansion and intensification of knowledge from pharmaceutical chemistry the can be used by the student to formulate scientific hypotheses to create a basis for the analytical part of the dissertation and to formulate conclusions following the obtained results.

Mikuš, P., Piešťanský, J., Dokupilová, S.: Kvapalinová chromatografia, hmotnostná spektrometria a ich kombinácie vo farmaceutickej a biomedicínskej analýze, VEDA, Bratislava, 2018. 365s.

Mikuš, P., Piešťanský, J.: Kapilárna elektroforéza, hmotnostná spektrometria a ich kombinácie vo farmaceutickej a biomedicínskej analýze, VEDA, 2014. 310 s.

Mikuš, P., Maráková, K.: HYPHENATED ELECTROPHORETIC TECHNIQUES IN ADVANCED ANALYSIS, Bratislava, KARTPRINT, 2012. 217 s.

Mikuš, P., Hanko, M., Piešťanský, J., Maráková, K., Dokupilová, S., Mikulová, M.: Analytical chemistry: Instrumental analysis. Bratislava : VEDA, in preparation.

Mikuš, P., Mikušová, V.: Analytical chemistry: Chemical analysis. Bratislava : VEDA, 2022.

Tekeľ, J., Mikuš , P.: Vybrané kapitoly z analytickej chémie. Analýza látok v biologických systémoch. Bratislava : UK, 2004, 192 s

Světlík, J.: Molekulová spektroskopia a optické metódy. Bratislava : UK, 2006. 81 s.

Garaj, J., Bustin, D., Hladký, Z.: Analytická chémia. Bratislava, Alfa 1989. 740 s.

Havránek, E. a kol.: Laboratórne cvičenia z analytickej chémie III. Fyzikálno-chemické metódy. Bratislava : UK, 2007. 91 s.

Křenek, P.: Analýza organických látok. Bratislava : UK, 2007. 80 s.

Vybrané kapitoly budú poskytnuté v elektronickej forme.

Successful completion of the exam.

Slovak language

Teacher: prof. RNDr. Peter Mikuš, PhD., prof. RNDr. Emil Havránek, CSc., PharmDr. Katarína Maráková, PhD., PharmDr. Juraj Piešťanský, PhD.

Analysis of organic bioactive substances, levels of drugs and their metabolites, degradation products and biomarkers of diseases in biological materials (blood, urine, tissues, etc.).

Analysis of new organic molecules (potential drugs and drug carriers for innovative dosage forms) in reaction mixtures from organic syntheses and isolated products.

Inorganic analysis of biogenic and toxic elements in individual components of the environment (air, soil, herbal drugs, water).

Bioinorganic analysis of new metal complexes in reaction mixtures from organic syntheses and isolated products.

Use of modern instrumental techniques:

• chromatographic (HPLC, GC) and electromigration separation methods (CZE, ITP, IEF, EKC) and their mutual combinations (2D HPLC, 2D / 3D CE) with integrated sample pretreatment for separation of complex (multicomponent) mixtures of substances

• spectral methods UV-VIS, FS and LIF (for rapid quantitative evaluation of substances in simple matrices), MS, MS / MS, NMR, IR, Raman spectroscopy, EPR, XRC / XRD (for detailed structural analysis molecules and their complexes)

• combined separation and spectral methods (LC-UV / MS, CE-UV / LIF / MS, etc.) to identify and determine trace levels of analytes in simple and complex (multicomponent) matrices (biological samples, dosage forms, synthetic reaction mixtures, isolated products from reaction mixtures)

• electrochemical methods with conventional and advanced sensors (biosensors) for rapid determination of selected substances in simple and complex matrices

• radioanalytical methods: radionuclide X-ray fluorescence analysis (RRFA) for direct determination of elements in solid materials

• methods of analysis of light scattering and electron microscopy for the analysis of nanostructures (shape, size/dimensions, distribution of nanoparticles)

• methods of (semi) preparative chromatography for separation and isolation of selected components from reaction mixtures

Instrumental analytical methods:

Principle of the method, experimental setup (instrumentation), methods of qualitative and quantitative evaluation, analytical and application potential. Optimization, validation and application of methods.

Electrochemical methods:

Potentiometry

Voltammetry (DPV, SWV, CV)

Ion selective electrodes

Biosensors

FIA

Separation chromatographic analytical methods:

Planar and column chromatography

High performance liquid chromatography.

Ion exchange chromatography.

Gas chromatography.

Multidimensional techniques (2D HPLC, SPE-HPLC)

Combining HPLC with advanced detection techniques (HPLC-MS, HPLC-MS / MS)

Separation analytical methods of electromigration:

Electrophoresis in planar arrangement, electromigration techniques in capillary arrangement.

Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE).

Capillary isotachophoresis (ITP).

Isoelectric focusing (IEF).

Electrokinetic chromatography (EKC).

Capillary gel electrophoresis (CGE).

Capillary electrochromatography (CEC).

Multidimensional techniques (2D CE, 3D CE)

CE coupling with advanced detection techniques (CE-LIF, CE-MS, CE-MS / MS).

Separation preparative chromatographic and electromigration methods:

(semi) preparative liquid chromatography.

Preparative isotachophoresis.

Spectral analytical methods:

Emission spectral analysis

Fluorescence analysis

Atomic absorption spectrophotometry

Molecular absorption spectroscopy in the visible and ultraviolet region of the spectrum

Infrared spectroscopy

Raman spectroscopy.

Mass spectrometry.

Nuclear magnetic resonance.

Non-spectral optical methods:

Refractometry.

Polarimetry.

X-ray crystallographic and diffraction analysis (XRC, XRD).

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR).

Detectors:

Optical spectrometric detectors - absorption, fluorescence, MS, non-spectrometric

Electrochemical detectors,

Radiometric detectors

Nuclear analytical methods:

Nuclear analytical indicator methods - radiochromatography, isotope dilution analysis, radioimmunoassay and their use.

Nuclear analytical methods based on natural radioactivity.

Activation analysis.

Nuclear analytical methods - non-activation interaction analysis.

Beta-dispersion analysis.

Radionuclide X-ray fluorescence analysis.

Identification of β and γ radiation.

Other analytical methods:

Methods based on light scattering analysis.

Electron microscopy.

Statistical processing of analytical results and validation of analytical methods and procedures:

Validation parameters (precision, accuracy, linearity, sensitivity, LOD, LLOQ, LOQ, selectivity, robustness, stability, recovery, matrix effect, sample throughput, carry over).

Testing statistical hypotheses.

Validation protocols (ICH, FDA).

After completing the course, the doctoral student will gain advanced theoretical knowledge in the use of modern instrumental analytical methods chromatographic, electromigration, electrochemical, spectral (MS, NMR, IR, UV-VIS, Fluorescent) and nuclear analytical as well as multidimensional techniques (SPE-HPLC, HPLC- HPLC, CE-CE, MS / MS and combinations thereof) in pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis. An integral part of the acquired knowledge are methods of preparation of pharmaceutical and biological samples as well as environmental samples by conventional (off-line) and advanced (on-line) techniques for the mentioned analytical methods. In connection with the synthesis and structural analysis of (i) new molecules as potential drugs or drug carriers for innovative dosage forms as well as (ii) innovative materials (nanostructures) as part of analytical systems and dosage forms, the doctoral student will gain knowledge and skills also for other specific approaches and techniques such as Raman spectroscopy on-line coupled with microwave synthesis, semi-preparative chromatography, electron microscopy, and light scattering-based structural analysis techniques.

D. Voet, J. Voet: Biochemistry, 4th ed., John Wiley & Sons, 2010.

D. Dobrota a kol.: Lekárska biochémia, Osveta, Martin, 2016.

G. Litwack: Human Biochemistry, 1st ed., Elsevier, 2017.

Selected chapters will be provided in electronic form.

Successful completion of the exam.

Slovak language

Lecturers: doc. Mgr. Andrea Bilková, PhD.; doc. Mgr. Martina Hrčka Dubničková, PhD.; doc. PharmDr. Marek Obložinský, PhD.; RNDr. František Bilka, PhD.; Ing. Ľudmila Pašková, PhD.

 Dynamic concept of properties and functions of the biological system.

 DNA, RNA: composition, bonds and stability, biological significance.

 Biomembranes, respiratory chain, generation of energy.

 Metabolism of nutrients – interrelationship, thermodynamic aspect, energetical aspect, biological oxidations.

 Enzymology of nutrient metabolism – catabolism and anabolism – carbohydrates, simple and complex lipids, amino acids, nucleotides, proteins.

 Enzyme kinetics.

 Basic issues of xenobiochemistry and its attributes.

 Integration of metabolism in terms of physiological and pathological conditions of the organism.

 Experimantal techniques with animal and plant cell cultures.

 Plant biochemistry: nitrogen metabolism, enzymology of secondary metabolites, signalling cascades.

After completing selected chapters in biochemistry, the PhD.-student can manage (i) basic biochemical and molecular-biological analyzes, (ii) methodical procedures related to protein analysis techniques, and (iii) enzymological studies on cellular and molecular levels. The student will obtain knowledge about metabolic pathways and their regulation at the level of (i) signaling molecules, (ii) localization at a subcellular level, and (iii) monitoring of gene expression, which creates the precondition for studying the drug mechanism of individual pharmacotherapeutic groups.

Nagy - Grančai - Mučaji: Farmakognózia : Biogenéza prírodných látok. - 1. slovenské vydanie. 2011.

Liekové interakcie. Mechanizmy a manažment klinicky významných interakcií. (vybrané kapitoly, autori: Czigle, Tóth)

Williamson E., Driver S., Baxter K. Stockleys Herbal Medicines Interactions. 2009.

Benzie I., Wachtel-Galor S. eds. Herbal medicine. Biomolecular and clinical aspects. 2011.

Polya G. Biochemical Targets of Plant Bioactive Compounds. A Pharmacological Reference Guide to Sites of Action and Biological Effects . 2003.

Ebadi M. Pharmacodynamic Basis of Herbal Medicine, Second Edition 2006.

Berger S., Sicker D. Classics in Spectroscopy Isolation and Structure Elucidation of Natural Products. 2009.

Katzung B.G. Basic and Clinical Pharmacology 14th Edn. 2018.

Huang L-Q. Molecular Pharmacognosy. 2nd Edn. 2019.

Carlton R.A. Pharmaceutical Microscopy. 2011.

Európský liekopis. (aktuálne vydanie + jeho doplnky)

Successful completion of the exam.

Slovak language, English language

Lectures: prof. PharmDr. Pavel Mučaji, PhD., prof. Ing. Milan Nagy, CSc., doc. PharmDr. Szilvia Czigle, PhD.

The PhD student receives information related to the classification of drugs according to their effect on the human their use in prevention and therapy, including basic information on adverse effects and interactions involving individual active ingredients of natural origin. Emphasis is placed on drugs and their active substances that are part of registered phytopharmaceuticals in EU countries or are registered in the current edition of the European Pharmacopoeia.

The main topics of the core knowledge of the course are:

Biogenesis of natural substances and their classification according to given systems.

Relationships of metabolic transformations of natural substances.

Search for new sources of biologically active substances based on chemotaxonomic data.

Methods of isolation of biologically active metabolites.

Physico-chemical methods for determining the structure of natural substances.

Evaluation of biological activities of natural isolates by in vivo and in vitro methods.

Use of natural substances in therapy and prevention, especially of human diseases.

Graduates of Pharmacognosy will acquire the advanced knowledge necessary for their application not only in the professional discipline, but also in other areas of pharmacy in connection with the use of natural resources and individual content substances for therapeutic practice. The student has a broad overview of the biological and chemical processes leading to the formation of secondary metabolites of therapeutic relevance, and is able to use the chemical and biological properties of isolates in their practical use in pharmacy. He can search for new natural sources based on broad chemical, biological screening and also has a broad theoretical knowledge of pharmacognosy and phytochemistry.

Habán M, 2022: Farmaceutická botanika - prednášky v elektronickej forme (dostupné cez MS Teams).

Habán M., Ďuriška O., Mistríková I., 2022: Vybrané kapitoly z laboratórnych cvičení v elektronickej forme (dostupné cez MS Teams).

Siphunov A. 2020: Introduction to botany.

Peciar M., Bielik M., Gajdoš M., 2019. Farmaceutická botanika. Nové Mesto n. Váhom , 369 s. ISBN 978-80-570-0762-3.

Successful passing of the exam

Slovak language, English language

Lecturer: doc. Ing. M. Habán, PhD.

Plant systematics and taxonomy of pharmaceutically important plant species. Plant cytology - morphological and functional features of the cell, cell inclusions, Identification features of pharmaceutically important plants. Anatomical structure and tissue types according of developmental stage and function. Specific features of pharmaceutically important species.

After successful completion of the course, the student should know the anatomical and morphological structure of plant organs with special emphasis to important medicinal plant species, know selected plant species with medicinal effects and classify them within the botanical system.

Kuželová, M., Švec, A., Švec, P.: Kapitoly zo všeobecnej klinickej farmakológie pre farmaceutov. Bratislava : Famaceutická fakulta UK, 2011. 196 s.

Kuželová, M., Švec, A., Švec, P.: Vybrané kapitoly z klinickej farmakológie pre farmaceutov. Bratislava : Famaceutická fakulta UK, 2010. 152 s.

Nathan A: Managing symptoms in the pharmacy. Pharmaceutical Press. 2008. 257 p.

Walker R, Whittlesea C: Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics. Fifth edition. Churchill Livingstone. Elsevier. 2012. 983 p.

Bond Ch. Evidence-based pharmacy. Pharmaceutical Press. 2006. 226 p.

Barber N.,, Willson A: Clinical pharmacy. Churchill Livingstone,2007 - 502 s.

Wiffen P, Mitchell M, Snelling M, Stoner N: Oxford Handbook of Clinical Pharmacy (2 ed.) Oxford University Press, 2012, 704 p.

Kriška, M. a kol.: Memorix klinickej farmakológie. Bratislava : SAP, 2002. 879 s.

Kriška, M. a kol.: Riziko liekov v medicínskej praxi. Bratislava : SAP, 2000. 474 s.

Kuželová M., Kovácsová B., Švec P.: Farmakológia antiinfekčných liečiv. Osveta, 2010. 184s.

Katzung BG, Masters SB, Trevor AJ: Basic and clinical pharmacology. The McGraw-Hill

Companies, Inc. 2012, 1245 p.

Ritter JM, Lewis LD, Mant TGK, Ferro M: A Textbook of Clinical Pharmacology and

Therapeutics. Hodder Arnold Hachette Livre UK. 2008. 476 p

Passing of the exam.

Slovaka, English

Teachers:

prof. PharmDr. Ján Klimas, PhD., MPH., prof. RNDr. Magdaléna Kuželová, CSc., doc. PharmDr. Anna Paul Hrabovská, PhD., PharmDr. Gabriel Dóka, PhD., PharmDr. Stanislava Kosírová, PhD.

The focus is on one or more of the following areas of clinical pharmacy:

- pre-clinical and clinical evaluation of new medicines,

- regulatory measures in this area in relation to the registration of medicinal products,

- clinical pharmacokinetics,

- symptomatology and pharmacotherapy of acute and chronic diseases,

- the effect of the disease process on the effects of medicines,

- monitoring of pharmacotherapy and drug levels,

- interpretation of laboratory results with respect to pharmacotherapy,

- the most serious pharmacotherapeutic problems related to

- adverse drug reactions, including allergic drug reactions,

- drug interactions,

- medication errors,

- patient safety during treatment,

- pharmacovigilance,

- rational use of medicines in high-risk groups of patients,

- compliance, adherence to therapy and concordance,

- oral and parenteral nutrition,

- lifestyle medicines.

The PhD students will expand and deepen their expertise of the latest knowledge of clinical pharmacy in connection with the effects of medicines and with the reduction of pharmacotherapeutic risk, medication errors and pharmacotherapeutic problems. Students will learn how to apply the acquired knowledge in real-world practice at various levels related to pharmacotherapy in cooperation with physicians.

Odporúčaná literatúra:

Obložinský M. a kol.: Molekulárna biológia účinku liečiv a biotechnológia pre farmaceutov. Bratislava: Univerzita Komenského, 2010.

Bahadur B., Rajam M.V., Sahijram L., Krishnamurthy K.V.: Plant Biology and Biotechnology. Springer 2015, 764 s.

Bowsher C., Tobin A.: Plant Biochemistry. Taylor & Francis 2021, 454 s.

Slovak language, English language

Lecturer: doc. PharmDr. Marek Obložinský, PhD

Flow of genetic information in plant cells – possibilities of drug influence: replication, transcription, translation and post-translational modifications. Mutations and repair mechanisms.

Intracellular compartments in plant cells and protein transport.

Principles of plant cell communication. Protein kinase networks and signal processing integration.

Transport processes in the plant cell.

Fundamentals of recombinant DNA technology. Principles of gene manipulation.

Use of biotechnological processes in the production of secondary metabolites.

Preparation of recombinant DNA, cloning and expression vectors, plasmids and bacteriophages, DNA and cDNA libraries, hybridization.

Preparation and use of transgenic plants, biopharmaceuticals produced by transgenic plants and cell cultures, GMO plants.

After completing the course, the PhD. student will gain deeper and comprehensive knowledge about the flow of genetic information and the possibilities of its influence, as well as about the cell signaling systems with respect to the mechanisms of drugs action that have plant origin. The student will obtain informations about the possibilities of preparing of new drugs by modern biotechnological procedures based on techniques using recombinant DNA. The student will get acquainted with different types of cloning and expression vectors and their application in the production of specific biopharmaceuticals produced by plants or by plants cell cultures.

Nagy-Grančai-Mučaji: Farmakognózia – Biogenéza prírodných látok, 1. vyd.

Nagy-Mučaji-Grančai: Farmakognózia – Biologicky účinné rastlinné metabolity a ich zdroje, 2. vyd.

European Medicines Agency (https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines)

Databázy: ScienceDirect, Scopus, PubMed, SciFinder, GoogleScholar

successful completion of the exam.

Slovak language, English language

Teacher: doc. PharmDr. Silvia Bittner Fialová, PhD.

Lectures are devoted to current topics on natural substances and medicinal plants. It deals with themes that are not fully covered in Pharmacognosy 1 and 2. The PhD student will meet with important information about current research of natural products, about psychoactive plants and their constituents, about the Influence of the intestinal microbiome on the activity of natural substances, about plant antioxidants in the prevention of various diseases (e.g. Alzheimer's, Parkinson's), about vegetables, fruits, and spices with therapeutic potential, about known beverages, and natural substances from non-vascular land plants or sea plants. Attention will also be paid to important natural substances with antimicrobial effects, natural dyes, and plant metabolites currently used in pharmacotherapy.

Upon successful completing the educational process, the PhD student should have extensive knowledge of Pharmacognosy, supplementing the overview of medicinal plants and natural substances contained in medicines, food, beverages, or cosmetics. Student get information about current research on natural remedies and their path to medicine. The acquired knowledge should expand the PhD student's knowledge about research and development possibilities of potential herbal medicines.

Brunton LL, Hilal-Dandan R, Knollmann BC et al. Goodman & Gilman's: The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 13e, McGraw-Hill Education 2018

Golan D. E., Tashjian Jr A. H.., Armstrong E. J., Armstrong A. Wet al. .: Principles of Pharmacology: The Pathophysiologic Basis of Drug Therapy, 3rd 4th Edition. Lippincott Williams&Wilkins, 20172

Katzung BG, Vanderah TW et al. : Basic & Clinical Pharmacology, 15e, McGraw Hill 2021

Rang, H.P., Dale, M.M. a kol.: Rang and Dale´s Pharmacology, 7th ed. London, Churchill Livingstone, Elsevier, 2012

Ritter JM. et al.: Rang and Dale's Pharmacology E-Book, Elsevier, 9th ed., 2018

Successful passing of the exam

Slovak language, English language

Lecturers: prof. PharmDr. Adriana Ďuriš Adameová, PhD.; prof. PharmDr. Ján Klimas, PhD., MPH.; doc. Peter Křenek, PhD.; doc. PharmDr. Anna Paul Hrabovská, PhD.; doc. PharmDr. Marek Máťuš, PhD.; Mgr. Peter Vavrinec, PhD.; Mgr. Diana Vavrincová, PhD

The focus is on one or more of the following areas of pharmacology:

- pharmacodynamics with respect to the mechanism of action of drugs

- pharmacokinetics

- pharmacogenomics

- adverse effects of drugs

- drug overdose

- therapeutic use of drugs

Special pharmacology

- pharmacology of drugs with effect on the central nervous system

- pharmacology of drugs with effect on the autonomous nervous system

- pharmacology of drugs with effect on the smooth muscles

- pharmacology of drugs with effect on the cardiovascular system and kidneys

- pharmacology of blood, inflammation

- pharmacology of drugs with effect on the respiratory system

- pharmacology of drugs with effect on the gastrointestinal system

- pharmacology of drugs with effect on the endocrine system

- pharmacology of anti-infective drugs

- pharmacology of anticancer drugs

- new directions of therapy of diseases using biological drugs

Expansion and intensification of knowledge from pharmacology the can be used by the student to formulate scientific hypotheses to create a basis for the analytical part of the dissertation and to formulate conclusions following the obtained results.

Chalabala, M. a kol.: Technologie léků. 3. vyd. Praha: Galén, 2006. 399 s. Žabka, M. a kol: Moderné lieky vo farmaceutickej technológii. Bratislava: SAP, 1999. s.487 European Pharmacopoeia 10 th Ed. Strasbourg: EDQM, 2022 Aulton, M. E.: Aulton´s Pharmaceutics: the design and manufacture of medicines - Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 2018 Mikušová, V.; Mikuš, P.: Advances in Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 9652. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22179652

Successful passing of the exam

Slovak language, English language

Lecturers: PharmDr. Veronika Mikušová, PhD., PharmDr. Juraj Piešťanský, PhD., doc. RNDr. Miroslava Šupolíková, PhD.

Pharmaceutical preparations are of a dosage (application) form which depends on the means of administration and coexistence of relevant drugs and excipients. Pharmaceutical technology (galenics) deals with composition, formulation, production, evaluation, and quality assurance of individually prepared and manufactured pharmaceutical preparations. It studies conditions for formulation of drugs and excipients into pharm. preparations, rules governing these processes, relations of the preparation with the effect of contained drugs. The subject of the study are these areas: - Pharm. preparations as systems composed of drugs and excipients (constitutive, stabilizing, corrective, etc.), conditions for coexistence of components in pharm. preparation. - Procedures and devices for preparation and manufacturing of pharm. preparations - Evaluation and quality assurance of pharm. preparations in terms of composition, technology, structure - Relations between the pharm. preparation and bioavailability of administered drugs - Stability of pharm. preparations and its possible ensuring - Containers ‘materials, technique for pharm. preparations ‘containers, study of interactions between containers and drugs / excipients Current research is oriented to drug carriers (polymeric, lipid - liposomes) in the role of drug delivery systems as nanoparticles. It begins with the synthesis of the carrier, incorporation of the drug, continues with formulation of dosage form, stability studies of formulated particles and in vitro drug release study. At the end of this difficult process the biologic activity and in vivo bioavailability are evaluated in cooperation with other departments/institutions. Also, nanodispersion systems as e.g., micro- and nanoemulsions are studied, especially related to low soluble drugs (e.g., terbinafine, minoxidil, indomethacin, tretinoin) intended for topical application with local or systemic effect e.g., also using the mechanisms of transdermal passage. In the preparation of these systems, various types of polymers (e.g., chitosan, thermosensitive polymers) and specific excipients are used to create a specific structure of given formulation with improved properties (e.g., better bioadhesion, stability, capacity to release the low soluble drugs, improved permeation, and penetration to target tissues in required concentration).

By passing the course, the PhD. student will have a complex theoretical knowledge of drugs as dispersion and application systems in terms of theoretical and practical preparation of innovative dosage forms.