Forma výučby: prednáška / seminár
Odporúčaný rozsah výučby (v hodinách):
Týždenný: 1 h / 1 h Za obdobie štúdia: 13 h / 13 h
Metóda štúdia: prezenčná
Alberts et al. (2014) Molecular Biology of the Cell, Garland Science.
Alberts et al. (2014) Essential Cell Biology, 5th edition, W. W. Norton & Company.
Lodish et al. (2016) Molecular Cell Biology. 8th edition, W. H. Freeman and Company.
There will be regular written tests during the semester. Credits will not be awarded to a student who gets less than 60% of the total marks in these tests. The subject will be completed by oral exam. The evaluation will be awarded as follows: A - excellent results, B - above average work, C - normal reliable work, D - acceptable results, E - results meeting the minimum criteria, Fx - insufficient results (unacceptably weak knowledge corresponding to less than 60% of the required subject range).
Slovak in combination with English (textbooks in English)
the course is provided only in the winter semester
Complex organization of eukaryotic cell. History and key discoveries of cell biology. Characteristic properties of eukaryotic cells. Comparison of ultrastructure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Importance of intracellular compartmentalization. The origin of the eukaryotic cell.
The role of biological membranes in the eukaryotic cell. Membrane structure and function. Membrane transport. Vector processes bound to membranes. The role of membranes in nerve signal transmission.
Cell nucleus. Ultrastructure and dynamics of the cell nucleus, nuclear membrane, nuclear pores, nucleolus. Chromosomes and chromosomal territories. Histones and histone-like proteins. Eukaryotic genome dynamics. Genome replication and repair.
Transcription and principles of gene expression control. Levels of gene expression control in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Transcriptional control and post-transcriptional RNA processing.
Ribosome translation and function. Ribosome subunits. Ribosomal RNA and protein components of the ribosome. Basic steps in the regulation of proteosynthesis. Intracellular localization of proteosynthesis. Protein distribution in the cell. Posttranslational fate of proteins.
Mitochondria and chloroplasts. Ultrastructure and function of semiautonomous organelles. Specific roles of mitochondrial and chloroplast membranes. Organelle genomes. Oxidative phosphorylation. Photosynthesis-photophosphorylation.
Endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus. Structure and function. Smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum, sarcoplasmic reticulum.
Vesicular transport. Role in protein distribution and transport in eukaryotic cells. Vacuoles, lysosomes and peroxisomes. Structure, function, biogenesis and distribution. Metabolism. Clinical significance of lysosomes and peroxisomes.
Cytoskeleton as a dynamic structure. Cytoskeletal components. Cytoskeleton as a motive system: vesicular transport, cell motility and cell division.
Cell surfaces. Cytoplasmic membrane and cell wall. Extracellular matrix. From individual cells to tissues and multicellular organisms.
Cells in a social context. Biofilms. Cells as part of tissues. Epithelium and intercellular connections. Quorum sensing. Intercellular communication and cell death.
0 /100
After completing the course, students will have an overview of the internal organization of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and the basic biological processes that take place in individual cell compartments. Emphasis is placed on the importance of biological membranes, intracellular compartmentalization and key molecular processes operating in cells.
Form of Study: practical training / seminar
Number of contact hours:
per week: 1/2 per level/semester: 13 / 26
Form of the course: on-site learning, remote
Citation tool Mendeley.
External electronic resources (e.g. SCOPUS, Web of Knowledge, PubMed).
Meaux S. Using color in scientific figures (online).
Tools and databases offered by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) and
European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI).
Original scientific publications selected according to the topic of the bachelor thesis.
Rougier N.P, Droettboom M., Bourne P.E. (2014) Ten Simple Rules for Better Figures. PLOS Computational Biology 10(9): e1003833.
Guidelines for final theses at Comenius University in Bratislava.
Smith, A. - Creating effective scientific figures for publication (online).
Šesták, Z. (2000) How to write and lecture about science (in Czech), Academia.
Matthews, J.R., Bowen, J.M., Matthews, R.W. (2000). Successful scientific writing (A step-by- step guide for biological and medical sciences), Cambridge University Press, 2nd edition.
The course consists of two blocks: (i) seminars, focused on the analysis of selected original scientific publications and bachelor's theses defended in the Biochemistry study program, their presentation and discussion; (ii) practical training, in which students will elaborate seminar tasks aimed at working with information resources and specialised software. The practicals will end with a written test. The evaluation will take into account the activity of students in seminars (66%) and practicals (33%) as follows: A - excellent results, B - above average work, C - ordinary reliable work, D - acceptable results, E - results meeting the minimum criteria , Fx - insufficient results (if a student gives an unacceptably poor performance corresponding to less than 60% of the maximum).
Slovak in combination with English (literature in English and Czech)
1) Professional and formal requirements for bachelor theses.
2) Basics of processing and presentation of an overview of scientific literature as well as original scientific results.
3) Searching and working with scientific literature. Evaluation of the quality of information resources.
4) Available office tools and citation tools to facilitate work with scientific literature.
5) Work with databases focusing on biochemistry and related scientific disciplines.
6) Processing and graphic design of scientific results for the needs of the final work and publication in a scientific journal.
7) Presentations of selected original scientific publications related to the topic of the bachelor thesis.
After completing the course, students will gain experience in working with scientific literature in the field of biochemistry and related scientific disciplines. They will get acquainted with information resources and tools for their processing (search and scientometric evaluation of publications), with work with citation tools, with displaying and evaluation of experimental results. They will learn the basics of processing bioinformatic and biological data and the use of appropriate databases. They will get acquainted with the basics of professional presentation, as well as professional and formal requirements that are placed on the final theses and their defense in the bachelor's degree program of Biochemistry. They will learn to process knowledge in the form of research, present an overview of scientific work in writing and through a lecture.
Form of Study: seminar
Number of contact hours:
per week: 2 per level/semester: 22
Form of the course: on-site learning, remote
Original and review scientific publications recommended by the supervisor according to the topic of the bachelor thesis.
Activities related to the preparation of a bachelor thesis in the conditions of individualized teaching. Analysis and processing of selected original scientific publications, resp. own scientific results related to the topic of the bachelor thesis. Preparation of bachelor thesis and formulation of its conclusions. The evaluation will be given as follows: A - excellent results, B - above-average work, C - normal reliable work, D - acceptable results, E - results meeting the minimum criteria, Fx - insufficient results (if the student gives an unacceptably poor performance corresponding to less than 60% of the maximum performance).
Slovak in combination with English (literature in English)
the course is provided only in the summer semester
Development of special knowledge of students needed to master the professional issues defined by the topic of the bachelor thesis in close cooperation with the teacher and student. Students will learn to search for and analyze knowledge from scientific literature, interpret and discuss scientific results, and process them into a written bachelor thesis.
Form of Study: lecture / seminar
Number of contact hours:
per week: 2/2 per level/semester: 22 / 22
Form of the course: on-site learning, remote
Watson et al. (2007) Recombinant DNA: Genes and Genomes – A short course. 3rd edition. CSHL Press.
Alberts et al. (2014) Molecular Biology of the Cell, Garland Science.
Lodish et al. (2016) Molecular Cell Biology. 8th Edition, W. H. Freeman and Company.
There will be regular written tests during the semester. Credits will not be awarded to a student who gets less than 60% of the total marks in these tests. The subject will be completed by oral exam. The evaluation will be awarded as follows: A - excellent results, B - above average work, C - normal reliable work, D - acceptable results, E - results meeting the minimum criteria, Fx - insufficient results (unacceptably weak knowledge corresponding to less than 60% of the required subject range ).
Slovak in combination with English (textbooks in English)
Principles of preparation of recombinant DNA molecules. Construction of gene libraries (genomic and cDNA). Properties and types of vectors. Recombinant selection and analysis.
Enzymes in recombinant DNA techniques.
Nucleic acid hybridization and preparation of molecular probes. Labeling of DNA and RNA molecules, radioactive and non-radioactive techniques. Southern and Northern blotting, in situ hybridization, subtractive hybridization, PNA and antisense probes. DNA microchip technology.
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Principle and variations of the technique: asymmetric PCR, inverse PCR, reverse transcriptase PCR, quantitative PCR. Isothermal amplification of nucleic acids.
Nucleic acid sequencing. First, second and third generation sequencing technologies.
In vitro and in vivo mutagenesis. Methods of site-directed mutagenesis and its practical use. Gene disruptions and gene replacements.
Molecular evolution in vitro. Preparation of aptamers and nucleic acids with catalytic activity in vitro. SELEX.
Principles of heterologous gene expression. Expression systems. Host strains. DNA transfer techniques into cells. Preparation of recombinant proteins.
Methods for isolation and investigation of proteins (electrophoretic methods, native and denaturing electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing, chromatographic methods, Western blotting, immunological methods).
Methods of protein interaction analysis (DNA-protein, RNA-protein, protein-protein: DNase I footprinting, gel retardation, NC filter binding assay, one-, two- and three-hybrid system, reverse two-hybrid system, chemical crosslinking).
Microscopic methods (light, fluorescence and electron microscopy, use of green fluorescent protein).
0 / 100
After completing the course, students will have an overview of key methods and experimental approaches used in molecular and cell biology.
continuous assessment: controlled test in the middle of the semester,
final assessment: written test,
Indicative rating scale: A 95%, B 90%, C 80%, D 70%, E 60%.
Credits will not be awarded to a student who obtains a grade of less than 60%.
Slovak in combination with English (study literature also in English)
The elective course is provided only in the winter semester and runs concurrently for students of chemistry, biochemistry and medical biology.
System of SI units, dimensional analysis. necessary mathematical apparatus, point mass and determination of its position in 1D, 2D, 3D; Mass point motions: velocity, acceleration, force, Newton's laws of dynamics. circular motion, oscillations and waves. Kinetic and potential energy, momentum, work, power, conservation laws in mechanics, torque, pressure, hydrostatics, hydrodynamics. Temperature, heat, gas statistics, thermodynamics. Gravitational field, Kepler's laws. Electric field, Coulomb's law, intensity and potential of el. field, el. voltage, homogeneous el. field, el. current and resistance. Magnetic field - a vector of magnetic induction, the force acting on an electric charge (current) in a magnetic field, electromagnetic induction, electromagnetic radiation,
20/80
Extension and deepening of knowledge from selected parts of high school physics so that the student can use the acquired knowledge in solving physics problems and reach the required entry level required for the subject Physics for Chemistry in next term.
Smítalová, K. a kol. Matematika pre nematematické smery Prírodovedeckej fakulty UK. 1991.
Ivan, J. Matematika 1. Bratislava: Alfa, 1983.
Ivan, J. Matematika 2. Bratislava: Alfa, 1989.
Eliaš, J., Horváth, J., Kajan, J. Zbierka úloh z vyššej matematiky 1, 2, 3, 4. Bratislava: Alfa, 1966.
Krajňáková, D., Míčka, J., Machačová, L. Zbierka úloh z matematiky. Bratislava: Alfa, 1988.
Continuous assessment: 3 written tests, activity on lessons (all together 60 points).
Final assessment: written test (40 points).
Indicative grading scale: A 92%, B 84%, C 76%, D 68%, E 60%
slovak
Real numbers. Complex numbers. Basics of linear algebra. Vectors. Sequence, limit of sequence. Function of real variable. Limit of a function, continuity. Derivation of a function. Function and its properties. Taylor expansion. Indefinite integral, antiderivative. Methods of calculating indefinite integrals. Definite integral, calculations by indefinite integrals. Applications of definite integral. Improper integrals. Functions of multiple variables. Partial derivatives. Double integral. Curves, line integrals. Differential equations.
60/40
By passing, student obtains basic knowledge in higher mathematics and the ability to individually study academic literature in his programme with mathematical calculations.