For course in Slovak
REBRO, Karol - BLAHO, Peter: Rímske právo. Plzeň: Aleš Čeněk, s. r. o., 2019.
GREGOR, Martin. Základy rímskeho práva: Historický úvod, pramene a subjekty. Praha: Leges, 2022.
HAUSMANINGER, Herbert - BLAHO, Peter: Praktické prípady z rímskeho práva. Bratislava: Wolters Kluwer, 2014.
BARTOŠEK, Milan: Dějiny římského práva (v třech fázích jeho vývoje). Praha : Academia, 1988, 1995.
BARTOŠEK, Milan: Encyklopedie římského práva. Praha : Academia, 1994.
BLAHO, P. - HARAMIA, I. - ŽIDLICKÁ, M.: Základy rímskeho práva. Bratislava : MANZ a Vydavateľské oddelenie Právnickej fakulty UK, 1997.
CORPUS IURIS CIVILIS – DIGESTA, Tom. I. (Prel. Jarmila Vaňková a Peter Blaho).
Bratislava: Eurokódex, 2008.
GAIUS. Učebnice práva ve čtyřech knihách. (Prel. J. Kincl). Brno: Masarykova univerzita a Doplněk, 1999.
JUSTINIÁNSKE INŠTITÚCIE. (Preložil P. Blaho). Trnava: Iura Edition, 2000.
KINCL, Jaromír - URFUS, Valentin - SKŘEJPEK, Michal: Římské právo. Praha : C. H. Beck, 1995.
SKŘEJPEK, Michal: Římske soukromé právo. Systém a instituce. Plzeň : Aleš Čeněk, 2011.
For course in English:
BUCKLAND, W. W.: The main institutions of Roman private law. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2011. 410 s.
MOUSOURAKIS, G. A Legal History of Rome. London/New York: Routledge, 2007.
NICHOLAS, B.: An Introduction to Roman Law. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1992.
TELLEGEN-COUPERUS, O. A Short History of Roman Law. London/New York: Routledge, 2003.
duPLESSIS, P. J.: Borkowski's Textbook on Roman Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2020.
Continuous assessment: Written test (20%).
Final assessment: Oral examination (80%).
Grading scale: A/1 = 91–100%; B/1.5 = 81–90%; C/2 = 73–80%; D/2.5 = 66–72%; E = 60–65%; FX = 0–59%.
The course is examined using non-annotated legal texts.
Slovak, English
The course is taught alternatively in Slovak (within study programmes delivered in the Slovak language) or in English (within study programmes delivered in the English language).
The course is taught alternatively in Slovak (within study programmes delivered in the Slovak language) or in English (within study programmes delivered in the English language).
1. Development of Roman law and sources of Roman law;
2. The Roman civil process – the place of the complaint in Roman law;
3. Development and types of process;
4. Principles of Roman procedural law;
5. Subjects of law (natural and legal persons; legal capacity);
6. Legal facts (concept and types);
7. Capacity for legal acts (concept and prerequisites);
8. Status (civitatis, libertatis, familiae, capitis deminutio);
9. The Roman family in legal terms (agnatic relationship, cognatic relationship).
10. Marriage law (formation and dissolution of marriage; property relations between spouses; types of marriage);
11. Real property law (system and characteristics);
12. Possession (concept, types, protection);
13. Ownership (concept, types, subjects).
14. Protection of ownership rights.
20/80
a) Knowledge:
After completing the course, the student is able to orient themselves in the basic concepts and institutions of law and acquires broad knowledge in the field of Roman law, including its conceptual and historical context. The student becomes familiar with both the theoretical and practical aspects of the sources and formation of Roman law, its application in the form of Roman procedural law, as well as issues of personal law and property law.
b) Skills:
The student is able to distinguish between different sources of law according to their type and origin. The student can differentiate between the various stages of development of Roman procedural law and identify the key elements of the Roman legal process, as well as their differences. The student can identify legal acts, their individual elements, and classify them according to type. The student is able to distinguish elements of personal law, understands the difference between a natural person, a legal person, and a slave, and can differentiate between legal personality and legal capacity. The student can identify institutions and concepts of property law, understands the system of property rights, and the relationship between property rights and possession.
c) Responsibility and autonomy:
The student is able to distinguish between individual institutions of Roman law and recognize them, where applicable, in the modern legal system. During seminar exercises, the student is required to work with sources, search for key information, compare the views of different schools of Roman law, draw conclusions, and present them publicly, thereby developing independence.
For Slovak study programmes:
BARTOŠEK, Milan: Dějiny římského práva (v třech fázích jeho vývoje). Praha: Academia, 1988.
BARTOŠEK, Milan: Encyklopedie římského práva. Praha: Academia, 1994.
BLAHO, P. - HARAMIA, I. - ŽIDLICKÁ, M.: Základy rímskeho práva. Bratislava: MANZ a Vydavateľské oddelenie Právnickej fakulty UK, 1997.
CORPUS IURIS CIVILIS – DIGESTA, Tom. I. (Prel. J. Vaňková a P. Blaho). Bratislava:
Eurokódex, 2008.
GAIUS. Učebnice práva ve čtyřech knihách. (Prel. J. Kincl). Brno: Masarykova univerzita a Doplněk, 1999.
HAUSMANINGER, H., - BLAHO, P.: Praktické prípady z rímskeho práva. Bratislava : Wolters Kluwer, 2014.
JUSTINIÁNSKE INŠTITÚCIE. (Preložil P. Blaho). Trnava : Iura Edition, 2000.
KINCL, Jaromír - URFUS, Valentin - SKŘEJPEK, Michal: Římské právo. Praha : C. H. Beck, 1995.
REBRO, Karol - BLAHO, Peter: Rímske právo. Plzeň: Aleš Čeněk, s. r. o., 2019.
SKŘEJPEK, Michal: Římske soukromé právo. Systém a instituce. Plzeň : Aleš Čeněk, 2011.
For English study programmes:
BUCKLAND, W. W.: The main institutions of Roman private law. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2011. 410 s.
MOUSOURAKIS, G. A Legal History of Rome. London/New York: Routledge, 2007. NICHOLAS, B.: An Introduction to Roman Law. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1992.
TELLEGEN-COUPERUS, O. A Short History of Roman Law. London/New York: Routledge, 2003. duPLESSIS, P. J.: Borkowski's Textbook on Roman Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2020.
ZIMMERMANN, R. The Law of Obligations. Roman Foundations of the Civilian Tradition. Cape Town: Juta & Co, Ltd, 1992.
Continuous assessment: Written tests (20%).
Final assessment: Oral examination (80%).
Grading scale: A/1 = 91–100%; B/1.5 = 81–90%; C/2 = 73–80%; D/2.5 = 66–72%; E/3 = 60–65%; FX = 0–59%.
The course is examined using non-annotated legal texts.
The course is taught alternatively in Slovak (within study programmes delivered in the Slovak language) or in English (within study programmes delivered in the English language).
The course is taught alternatively in Slovak (within study programmes delivered in the Slovak language) or in English (within study programmes delivered in the English language).
1. Rights in rem over another’s property (concept, characteristics, and system).
2. Classification of real rights to third parties (personal and land servitudes, mortgage)
3. Legal dogmatics of contractual law (concept and subject of the obligation, obligation subjects, obligation creation, termination and change, obligation fulfilment, obligation classification);
4. Responsibility for non-fulfilment of obligations;
5. Security institutes of contractual relationships (guarantee).
5. System of obligations (obligations arising from legal and unlawful acts, obligations under civil and quasi-legal law);
6. Real contracts (concept, characteristics, types);
7. Consensual contracts (concept, characteristics, types).
8. Purchase contract.
9. Lease.
10. Verbal contracts (definition, characteristics, types);
11. Unnamed contracts and quasi-contracts.
12. Delicts and quasi-delicts (concept, characteristics, types);
13. Succession law (concept and significance of succession, succession titles, succession under civil and pretorian law);
14. Principles of calling in heirs (agnatio, cognatio), inheritance in Justinian law.
20/80
a) Knowledge:
After completing the course, the student is able to orient themselves in the basic concepts and institutions of law and acquires broad knowledge in the field of Roman law, including its conceptual and historical context. Specifically, the student is familiar with rights in rem over another’s property, the law of obligations—which is the core subject of the course—and Roman inheritance law.
b) Skills:
The student is able to correctly classify rights in rem over another’s property within the system of property rights and understands their connection to the law of obligations. The student can identify the basic elements of Roman law of obligations, understands the classification of obligations, and is able to correctly categorize different types of obligations. The student understands the difference between obligations arising from contracts and delicts and can distinguish between different types of contracts. The student can identify the institutions and concepts of Roman inheritance law, understands its gradual development from the agnatic to the cognatic principle, and is familiar with the institutions of legal protection of heirs.
c) Responsibility and autonomy:
The student is able to distinguish between individual institutions of Roman law and recognize them, where applicable, in the modern legal system. During seminar exercises, the student is required to work with sources, search for key information, compare the views of different Roman law schools, draw conclusions, and present them publicly, thereby developing independence.
Relevant legal regulations and professional literature according to the instructor’s guidelines for the topics covered.
Continuous assessment: Active participation in seminars and contribution to discussions (40%); completion of assignments and model case studies (60%).
Grading scale: A/1 = 91–100%; B/1.5 = 81–90%; C/2 = 73–80%; D/2.5 = 66–72%; E/3 = 60–65%; FX = 0–59%.
The course is examined using uncommented legal texts.
Slovak, English
The course is taught alternatively in Slovak (within study programmes delivered in the Slovak language) or in English (within study programmes delivered in the English language).
1. Introduction to the study of law, the specifics of legal thinking and the legal profession, practical advice and organisational guidelines for studying.
2. Structure of the Comenius University and the Faculty of Law, familiarisation with the internal regulations of the Comenius University and the Faculty of Law
3. Students' rights and obligations at the Faculty of Law of the UK
4. Sources of law and their hierarchy
5. Legal research, working with sources
6. Academic writing and formal text editing
7. Academic misconduct, plagiarism; appropriate and inappropriate use of artificial intelligence
100/0
After completing the course, the student is able to orient themselves in the basic aspects of university legal studies, understand the structure of the academic and legal environment, and acquire fundamental academic and legal skills. The course provides a basic framework for further legal education by introducing students to legal thinking, explaining the functioning of Comenius University in Bratislava and its Faculty of Law, teaching them to work independently with legal sources, and to effectively search for relevant information. The aim of the course is for the student to acquire the basics of legal research, understand the rules of academic integrity, and be able to prepare a formally correct academic text.
The course is taught using non-annotated legal texts, internal regulations of the university and faculty, and practical examples.
Knowledge:
The student:
- knows the structure of Comenius University and its Faculty of Law, and their internal regulations
- is familiar with basic academic rules, especially regarding study obligations, ethics, and students’ disciplinary responsibility
- understands the system of sources of law and their hierarchy
- knows the requirements for the formal presentation of academic and other texts
Skills:
The student:
- understands the structure and purpose of the university’s and faculty’s internal regulations
- effectively applies acquired knowledge in fulfilling academic obligations
- is able to search for legislation, case law, and scholarly literature in legal databases and library systems
- works effectively with non-annotated legal texts
- can produce a properly structured and formally correct academic text (e.g., a seminar paper)
- can use basic academic tools (citation, referencing system, bibliography)
Responsibility and autonomy:
Students complete assignments both individually and in groups, independently study regulations and recommended literature, and actively participate in discussions and solving practical tasks.
Szalewicz, A.: Basics of badminton over the weekend. Rokus publishing house, Prešov, 2001. ISBN 978-80-89055-78-4
Skružný, Z. et al.: Floorball, technique, training, game rules, Grada Praha, 2006. ISBN 80-247-0383-1
Rodriguez, J.: Pilates for everyone with a ball, elastic band and hoop, Ottovo nakladatelství, s.r.o., 2009. ISBN 978-80-7360-849-1
Krištofič, J.: Fitness training, Grada publishing, Prague, 2007. ISBN 978-80-247-2197-2
During the semester, the physical activity of the student will be continuously assessment A grade A is awarded to a student who scores at least 91 points. Credits will not be awarded to a student who does not complete the exercises in the specified range.
Classification scale: A/1 = 91 – 100%; B/1.5 = 81-90%; C/2 = 73-80%; D/2.5 = 66-72%; E/3 = 60-65%; FX = 0-59%.
Slovak, English
The course is taught alternatively in Slovak (within study programmes delivered in the Slovak language) or in English (within study programmes delivered in the English language).
Sports games - futsal, floorball, basketball - practice and improvement of individual game activities, rules of the selected sports game
Aerobics - H/L, bodyforming, step, tae-bo, dance, fitballs - basic steps of individual types of aerobics and their application in a simple choreography, body shaping with your own body weight and with the use of a fitball
Swimming - practicing breaststroke and backstroke with an emphasis on proper swimming technique
Climbing - the basics of climbing on an artificial wall
Canoeing - the basics of handling a canoe on still water
Exercise for health, pilates – training and mastering basic exercises to develop weakened muscle parts (muscle imbalance, laterality, back and joint problems)
Fitness, cardio fitness - body shaping by means of aerobic and strength exercises for the proportional development of muscles and their aesthetic appearance
Badminton - basic strokes and rules of the game
The student will acquire basic knowledge, movement habits and skills in the selected movement activity for performing movement activity as an essential part of the way of life.
Szalewicz, A.: Basics of badminton over the weekend. Rokus publishing house, Prešov, 2001. ISBN 978-80-89055-78-4
Skružný, Z. et al.: Floorball, technique, training, game rules, Grada Praha, 2006. ISBN 80-247-0383-1
Rodriguez, J.: Pilates for everyone with a ball, elastic band and hoop, Ottovo nakladatelství, s.r.o., 2009. ISBN 978-80-7360-849-1
Krištofič, J.: Fitness training, Grada publishing, Prague, 2007. ISBN 978-80-247-2197-2
During the semester, the physical activity of the student will be continuously assessment. A grade A is awarded to a student who scores at least 91 points. Credits will not be awarded to a student who does not complete the exercises in the specified range.
Classification scale: A/1 = 91 – 100%; B/1.5 = 81-90%; C/2 = 73-80%; D/2.5 = 66-72%; E/3 = 60-65%; FX = 0-59%.
Slovak, English
The course is taught alternatively in Slovak (within study programmes delivered in the Slovak language) or in English (within study programmes delivered in the English language).
Sports games - futsal, floorball, basketball - practice and improvement of individual game activities, rules of the selected sports game
Aerobics - H/L, bodyforming, step, tae-bo, dance, fitballs - basic steps of individual types of aerobics and their application in a simple choreography, body shaping with your own body weight and with the use of a fitball
Swimming - practicing breaststroke and backstroke with an emphasis on proper swimming technique
Climbing - the basics of climbing on an artificial wall
Canoeing - the basics of handling a canoe on still water
Exercise for health, Pilates - training and mastering basic exercises for the development of weakened muscle parts (muscle imbalance, laterality, back and joint problems)
Fitness, cardio fitness - body shaping by means of aerobic and strength exercises for the proportional development of muscles and their aesthetic appearance
Badminton - basic strokes and rules of the game
The student will acquire basic knowledge, movement habits and skills in the selected movement activity for performing movement activity as an essential part of the way of life.
Szalewicz, A.: Basics of badminton over the weekend. Rokus publishing house, Prešov, 2001. ISBN 978-80-89055-78-4
Skružný, Z. et al.: Floorball, technique, training, game rules, Grada Praha, 2006. ISBN 80-247-0383-1
Rodriguez, J.: Pilates for everyone with a ball, elastic band and hoop, Ottovo nakladatelství, s.r.o., 2009. ISBN 978-80-7360-849-1
Krištofič, J.: Fitness training, Grada publishing, Prague, 2007. ISBN 978-80-247-2197-2
During the semester, the physical activity of the student will be continuously assessment. A grade A is awarded to a student who scores at least 91 points. Credits will not be awarded to a student who does not complete the exercises in the specified range.
Classification scale: A/1 = 91 – 100%; B/1.5 = 81-90%; C/2 = 73-80%; D/2.5 = 66-72%; E/3 = 60-65%; FX = 0-59%.
Slovak, English
The course is taught alternatively in Slovak (within study programmes delivered in the Slovak language) or in English (within study programmes delivered in the English language).
Sports games - futsal, floorball, basketball - practice and improvement of individual game activities, rules of the selected sports game
Aerobics - H/L, bodyforming, step, tae-bo, dance, fitballs - basic steps of individual types of aerobics and their application in a simple choreography, body shaping with your own body weight and with the use of a fitball
Swimming - practicing breaststroke and backstroke with an emphasis on proper swimming technique
Climbing - the basics of climbing on an artificial wall
Canoeing - the basics of handling a canoe on still water
Exercise for health, Pilates - training and mastering basic exercises for the development of weakened muscle parts (muscle imbalance, laterality, back and joint problems)
Fitness, cardio fitness - body shaping by means of aerobic and strength exercises for the proportional development of muscles and their aesthetic appearance
Badminton - basic strokes and rules of the game
The student will acquire basic knowledge, movement habits and skills in the selected movement activity for performing movement activity as an essential part of the way of life.
Szalewicz, A.: Basics of badminton over the weekend. Rokus publishing house, Prešov, 2001. ISBN 978-80-89055-78-4
Skružný, Z. et al.: Floorball, technique, training, game rules, Grada Praha, 2006. ISBN 80-247-0383-1
Rodriguez, J.: Pilates for everyone with a ball, elastic band and hoop, Ottovo nakladatelství, s.r.o., 2009. ISBN 978-80-7360-849-1
Krištofič, J.: Fitness training, Grada publishing, Prague, 2007. ISBN 978-80-247-2197-2
During the semester, the physical activity of the student will be continuously assessment. A grade A is awarded to a student who scores at least 91 points. Credits will not be awarded to a student who does not complete the exercises in the specified range.
Classification scale: A/1 = 91 – 100%; B/1.5 = 81-90%; C/2 = 73-80%; D/2.5 = 66-72%; E/3 = 60-65%; FX = 0-59%.
Slovak, English
The course is taught alternatively in Slovak (within study programmes delivered in the Slovak language) or in English (within study programmes delivered in the English language).
Sports games - futsal, floorball, basketball - practice and improvement of individual game activities, rules of the selected sports game
Aerobics - H/L, bodyforming, step, tae-bo, dance, fitballs - basic steps of individual types of aerobics and their application in a simple choreography, body shaping with your own body weight and with the use of a fitball
Swimming - practicing breaststroke and backstroke with an emphasis on proper swimming technique
Climbing - the basics of climbing on an artificial wall
Canoeing - the basics of handling a canoe on still water
Exercise for health and pilates – training and mastering basic exercises for the development of weakened muscle parts (muscle imbalance, laterality, back and joint problems)
Fitness and cardio fitness - body shaping by means of aerobic and strength exercises for the proportional development of muscles and their aesthetic appearance
Badminton - basic strokes and rules of the game
The student will acquire basic knowledge, movement habits and skills in the selected movement activity for performing movement activity as an essential part of the way of life.
ŽÍDEK, J.: Downhill skiing. Peter Macura – PEEM, Bratislava 2006, ISBN 80-89197
ŽÍDEK, J. – PETROVIČ, P.: Skiing – Downhill – Running. Peter Macura – PEEM, Bratislava 2009, ISBN 978-80-89197-97-2
continuous assessment 100% sports activity according to the teachers' instructions
Slovak, English
The course is taught alternatively in Slovak (within study programmes delivered in the Slovak language) or in English (within study programmes delivered in the English language).
Acquiring and improving skiing skills, habits and theoretical knowledge in downhill skiing.
Acquiring and improving skiing skills, habits and theoretical knowledge in downhill skiing
Belás M., Roučková M.: Summer sports in nature, Methodological and pedagogical center in Baratislava, Bratislava 2015, ISBN: 978-80-565-0952-4
Continuous assessment 100% sports activity according to the teachers' instructions
Slovak, English
The course is taught alternatively in Slovak (within study programmes delivered in the Slovak language) or in English (within study programmes delivered in the English language).
Realization of tourism (cycling, walking, water, high mountain) according to the location of stay. Physical activity characteristic of movement and generally developing exercises. Cultural and educational activity (nature, history) of the given locality. Mastering the necessary knowledge and skills for the implementation of tourist activities.
Mastering the necessary knowledge and skills for the implementation of tourist activities.
Recommended literature for the course taught in Slovak:
Sandel, M.: Spravedlnost: Co je správné dělat. Praha: Karolinum, 2022.
Macyntyre, A., Berlin, I., Rawls, J., Dworkin, R., Nozick, R., Rorty, R.: O slobode a spravodlivosti. Liberalizmus dnes. Bratislava: Archa, 1993.
Rawls, J.: Teorie spravedlnosti. Praha: Victoria Publishing, 1995.
János Kis: Současná politická filosofie. Praha: OIKOYMENH, 1997.
Radbruch Gustav: O napětí mezi účely práva. Praha: Wolters Kluver, 2013.
Hayek, F. von: Právo, zákonodárství, svoboda. Praha: Prostor, 1995.
Lionel Adolphus Hart, L.A.: Právo, sloboda, morálka. Bratislava: Kalligram, 2003.
Chovancová, J.: Liberalizmus verzus komunitarizmus. Bratislava: PraF UK, 2003.
Singer, P.: Jeden svet. Etika globalizácie. Bratislava: Vydavateľstvo Spolku slovenských spisovateľov, 2006.
Recommended literature for the course taught in English:
Sandel, M.: Justice: What's the Right Thing to Do? Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2010.
Rawls, J.: A Theory of Justice. Harvard University Press, Belknap Press, 1999.
Hayek, F. A.: Law, Legislation and Liberty. Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1973.
Mackie, J. L., Moberger, V. and Olson, J.: Theories of Justice and Rights. Oxford University Press, 2024.
Continuous assessment 100%:
(i) Continuous active participation in seminar exercises (20%) - activity, participation in discussions and final joint discussion
(ii) Preparation and presentation of a paper on a chosen, previously agreed topic in the range of 30 – 40 minutes (40%).
(iii) Solution of a case study in the last seminar exercise (40%).
Classification scale: A/1 = 91 – 100%; B/1.5 = 81 – 90%; C/2 = 73 – 80%; D/2.5 = 66 – 72%; E/3 = 60 – 65%; FX = 0 – 59%
The course is examined partly using non-annotated legal texts, in accordance with the teacher’s guidelines.
Slovak, English
The course is taught alternatively in Slovak (within study programmes delivered in the Slovak language) or in English (within study programmes delivered in the English language).
1. Overview of the history of the understanding of justice and basic concepts (utilitarianism, libertarianism, deontology)
2. Natural-law versus positive-law approach to concepts of justice
3. John Rawls: "Justice as Fairness"
4. Robert Nozick: "The Claim to Justice"
5. Friedrich August von Hayek: "Toward Social Justice"
6. Communitarian approach to justice (M. Waltzer)
7. Open Society and Its Enemies (Karl R. Popper)
8. Susan Muller Okin: "Justice and Gender"
9. Global Justice and Cosmopolitanism (P. Singer)
10. Climate Justice and Intergenerational Rights
11. Justice in the Era of Artificial Intelligence (AI)
12. Plurality of Concepts of Justice and Their Significance for Legal Practice (Rehearsal and Final Discussion)
13. Repetitorium
100/0
a) Knowledge: The student will acquire a systematic overview of theories of justice in the 20th century with an extension to the present. He/she is familiar with terminology, individual concepts and arguments.
b) Skills: The student can make informed decisions that also take into account the social, scientific and ethical aspects of theories of justice. The student can analyse and critically evaluate philosophical arguments regarding justice, identify their applicability in specific legal and social situations, can prepare and present an independent contribution to the selected theory, including an assessment of its legal relevance.
c) Responsibility and independence: The student can provide an argumentation regarding the basic concepts of theories of justice. The student can independently adopt and defend a position on justice in both a legal and philosophical context, demonstrates responsibility when arguing with regard to the plurality of opinions and the social impact of the chosen positions.
Barendrecht, M., Kistemaker, L., Scholten, H. J., Schrader, R., Wrzesinska, M. (2014) Legal Aid in Europe: Nine Different Ways to Guarantee Access to Justice? The Hague Institute for Internationalisation of Law. Tilburg: University of Tilburg. [selected chapters]
Flynn, A., Hodgson, J. (Eds.) (2017) Access to Justice and Legal Aid: Comparative Perspective on Unmet Legal Need. Oxford: Bloomsbury publishing PLC. [selected chapters]
Global Study on Legal Aid (2016) Global Report. United Nations Development Programme. New York: United Nations.
Hammerslev, O., Rønning, O. H. (Eds.) (2018) Outsourcing Legal Aid in the Nordic Welfare States. Cham: Pagrave Macmillan. [selected chapters]
Jüriloo, K. (2015) Free Legal Aid – a Human Right. Nordic Journal of Human Rights, 33(3), 203-219.
Kerrigan, K., Murray, V. (2011) A Student Guide to Clinical Legal Education and Pro Bono. Basingstoke: Palgrave MacMillan. [selected chapters]
Litwick, D. (2022) Lady Justice. New York: Penguin Press. [selected chapters]
Stevenson, B. (2014) Just Mercy. New York: Penguin Random House. [selected chapters]
Ongoing evaluation: activity during interactive lectures (30 %); reflective paper (40 %); group presentation (20 %); peer-review assessment (10 %).
Rating scale: A/1 = 91 – 100 %; B/1,5 = 81 – 90 %; C/2 = 73 – 80 %; D/2,5 = 66 – 72 %; E/3 = 60 – 65 %; FX = 0 – 59 %.
During the examination, the student may use all available sources of legal information, in particular non-annotated legal regulations, commentaries, case law, legal literature, and legal information systems.
English
The course is taught in English and is limited to 40 students. Enrolment in the course may be conditional upon the successful completion of a selection procedure.
Part One – Seminars (Weeks 1 to 5):
1.1 Introduction to the Right to Legal Aid
1.2 The Right to Legal Aid as a Fundamental Human Right and Its International Aspects
1.3 The Right to Legal Aid in the Slovak Republic and Conditions for Granting Legal Aid
1.4 Legal Aid Systems Worldwide
1.5 Benefits of Pro Bono Work
Part Two – Self-regulated learning (Weeks 6 to 9)
Part Three – Presentation of Group Projects (Weeks 10 to 14)
100/0
Knowledge:
Upon successful completion of the course, the student will be able to:
- recognise and explain the significance of the right to legal aid as a fundamental human right, including the impact of EU law and the Council of Europe on the concept of legal aid;
- demonstrate the legal aid system in their home country;
- compare different legal aid systems;
- identify deficiencies in the legal framework governing legal aid;
- identify the benefits of pro bono work for society, the legal profession, and law firms;
- identify the professional and personal benefits of lawyers’ pro bono engagement.
-
Skills:
Upon successful completion of the course, the student will be able to:
- collect and interpret relevant legislation, case law, legal doctrine, and other legal information related to the right to legal aid, and make informed decisions that also take into account social, scientific, and ethical aspects;
- communicate information, concepts, issues, and solutions related to the lack of access to legal services.
Responsibility and Autonomy:
Upon successful completion of the course, the student will be able to:
- critically assess the relevance of legal information and data and, on this basis, make socially responsible and morally sound decisions;
- provide constructive feedback;
- work in a group in an internationalised environment;
- deliver engaging presentations of their research findings.
Continuous assessment: not implemented.
Final assessment: 100% participation in the programme and activity during the block form of teaching according to the teacher's instructions.
Classification scale: A/1 = 91 – 100%; B/1.5 = 81-90%; C/2 = 73-80%; D/2.5 = 66-72%; E/3 = 60-65%; FX = 0-59%.
Slovak, English
The subject is taught only in the summer semester and the capacity of the subject is limited to 12 students.
The course is taught alternatively in Slovak (within study programmes delivered in the Slovak language) or in English (within study programmes delivered in the English language).
The subject consists of theoretical training and practical training.
1. Introduction to rafting and equipment - type, use and maintenance 3/2
2. Properties of flowing water and risks of flow 3/4
3. Planning and organizational implementation of the float 3/4
4. Control of the vessel and movement in fast flowing water 2/6
5. Friendly rescue and first aid 2/6
After completing the course, the student can navigate the river on his own up to WW III difficulty. The goal is also to help in creating and strengthening a permanent positive relationship with the mountains and active leisure time.
The content of the subject is familiarization and implementation of basic activities in rafting. This mainly concerns training and improvement of ship management, decision-making strategy and risk assessment, self-rescue, rescue and lay first aid.
Continuous assessment: not implemented.
Final assessment: 100% participation in the program and activity during the block form of teaching according to the teacher's instructions.
Slovak, English
The subject is taught only in the winter semester and the capacity of the subject is limited to 15 students.
The course is taught alternatively in Slovak (within study programmes delivered in the Slovak language) or in English (within study programmes delivered in the English language).
The subject consists of theoretical training and practical training.
1. Introduction to ski mountaineering and ski mountaineering equipment - type, use and maintenance 3/2
2. Weather and avalanche issues 3/6
3. Planning and implementation of a ski mountaineering tour 3/6
4. Skiing and movement in free terrain 2/4
5. Friend rescue and first aid 2/4
After completing the subject, the student can move independently in the winter mountains using ski mountaineering equipment. The goal is also to help students create and strengthen a permanent positive relationship with winter mountains and movement in them.
The content of the subject is familiarization with the basic activities in ski mountaineering and their implementation. These are mainly training and improvement of walking on skis, skiing in open terrain, avalanche prevention and rescue, planning a hike and lay first aid.
ALI/UNIDROIT. Principles and Rules of Transnational Civil Procedure. Cambridge - New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006
Chase, O.G., Herschkoff, H., Silberman, L., Taniguchi, Y. and Varano V. Civil Litigation in Comparative Context. 2nd edition. St Paul: Thomson West, 2017
Murray, P.L., Stürner, R. German Civil Justice. Durham: Carolina Academic Press, 2004
The course presupposes knowledge of the fundamentals of civil procedural law at the bachelor's degree level.
- Continuous assessment (PowerPoint presentation of selected issues, discussion of this presentation): 40%
- Final evaluation (preparation of a final written submission or case study): 60%
Classification scale: A / 1 = 91 - 100%; B / 1.5 = 81 - 90%; C / 2 = 73 - 80%; D / 2.5 = 66 - 72%; E / 3 = 60 - 65%; FX = 0 - 59%.
The course is tested in part using the uncommented legislation according to the instructions of the teacher.
English
1. Introduction to Comparative Civil Procedure: Historical and General Characteristics of European Civil Procedure Systems
2. The Status, Powers, and Duties of Courts, Judges, and Attorneys
3. Principles of Anglo-American (common law) and continental (civil law) civil procedure
4. Procedural requirements
5. Complaint and commencement of proceedings
6. Conduct of proceedings at first instance
7. Collective enforcement of claims and class actions
8. Evidence and means of proof
9. Court Decisions
10. The System of Preliminary Injunctions
11. Expedited Proceedings
12. Appeals
13. Enforcement of Decisions (particularly civil enforcement)
The legal systems subject to comparison include in particular: Slovakia, Germany, France, Ukraine, and the common law system.
40/60
Civil procedural law has traditionally been regarded as a subject falling within the domain of domestic law. In recent decades, however, European legislation, as well as the case law of the Court of Justice of the EU and the European Court of Human Rights, has increasingly interfered with this traditional legal discipline, which undoubtedly leads to a reassessment of established institutions, principles, and rules and, ultimately, justifies the importance of comparative civil procedural law.
The aim of the course is to offer students a general overview of the fundamental elements of European civil procedure and their specificities. The course thus covers, in particular, the fundamental institutions of civil procedural law analyzed from the perspective of Slovak legal regulation in comparison with selected jurisdictions, with a particular emphasis on the differences between the continental (civil law) and Anglo-American (common law) legal systems. Significant attention will also be devoted to a comparison with the German legal order and a legal order selected ad hoc in agreement with the students.
Knowledge: Upon completion of the course, the student is able to identify and explain the differences between the leading systems of civil procedural law, the principles of civil procedure, and the fundamental instruments and remedies of civil procedure, with an enriching element being the comparison with selected jurisdictions of various countries, including the necessary practical orientation in court proceedings. The student commands the basic methodology of comparative analysis of domestic procedural regulations.
Skills: Upon completion of the course, the student is able to compare procedural institutions of various legal orders and identify their functional equivalents. The student is able to analyze and synthesise foreign legal regulations and scholarly literature using the comparative method and the method of analogy. The student is capable of applying the acquired knowledge to the resolution of case studies.
Responsibility and autonomy: The student systematically prepares for each session and independently works with primary and secondary sources (case law, legal regulations, scholarly literature) from multiple jurisdictions. The student actively presents the results of their own comparative analysis, critically evaluates differences between legal systems, and constructively contributes to scholarly discussion. The delivery of topics is considerably dynamic, accompanied by multiple discussions building upon PowerPoint presentations on selected topics. Given the ipso facto non-existent uniform harmonized legal regulation, thorough and systematic work during joint sessions is essential.
GRAZIADEI, M.-SMITH, L.: Comparative Property Law: Global Perspectives (Research Handbooks in Comparative Law series). London: Edward Elgar, 2017.
MATEI, U.: Basic Principles of Property Law: A Comparative Legal and Economic Introduction (Contributions in Legal Studies). London: Praeger, 2000.
RAKOVÁ, K., FOTOPULOSOVÁ, L., HORONY, Š., KLINCOVÁ, Z., LOFFAY, F.: Material and Inheritance law. Scriptum. Bratislava: Comenius University Bratislava, Faculty od Law, 2024. [online].
RAKOVÁ, K., MAUKŠ, D., FOTOPULOSOVÁ, L., LUPRICHOVÁ-CVENGROŠOVÁ, P., ČIERNIK, M. Material law. General part. Scriptum. Bratislava : Comenius University Bratislava, Faculty of Law, 2025. [online].
ZWEIGERT, K. - KÖTZ: An Introduction to Comparative Law. 3rd Ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998.
SINGER, J.W.: Property Law. Rules, Policies, and Practices. 4th Edition. New York: Aspen Publishing, 2006.
The continuous evaluation will make up 40% of the final evaluation, the final evaluation 60% of the final evaluation.
Continuous assessment: 40% - oral presentation of an assigned topic
Final evaluation: 60% - written exam consisting of the elaboration of a model case
Classification scale: A / 1 = 91 - 100%; B / 1.5 = 81 - 90%; C / 2 = 73 - 80%; D / 2.5 = 66 - 72%; E / 3 = 60 - 65%; FX = 0 - 59%.
The course is tested in part using the uncommented legislation according to the instructions of the teacher.
English
1. Introduction to the study of property rights in the continental and Anglo-American legal systems.
2. Property rights – (concept, subjects, object, content, protection).
3. Methods of acquiring and extinguishing property rights.
4. Joint ownership.
5. Undivided joint ownership.
6. Property rights to foreign property – concept, typology. General information on lien (concept, subjects).
7. Lien (subject matter, creation, enforcement, termination).
8. Easements and right of retention.
9. Inheritance law – principles, concept, general prerequisites for inheritance.
10. Testamentary succession.
11. Statutory succession – inheritance groups, relationship to testamentary succession.
12. Other inheritance institutions – gifts in the event of death, compulsory heirs, trusts.
13. Recapitulation and comparison of property law and inheritance law institutions in the continental and Anglo-American legal systems.
The legal systems subject to comparison include in particular: Germany, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, Austria, Ukraine, the common law system, and the United Kingdom.
40/60
The aim of the course is to provide students with a comprehensive overview of the legal institutions of property law and succession law in the main jurisdictions of the civil law and common law traditions. The course focuses in particular on the core institutions of property law and succession law within civil law systems, analysed from a comparative perspective, with emphasis on the differences between civil law and common law approaches.
Knowledge: Upon completion of the course, students acquire in particular:
knowledge of the different types of property rights within civil law systems,
knowledge of the different types of property rights within common law systems,
knowledge of the substantive legal requirements of succession in civil law and common law systems,
knowledge of the principal institutions of succession law in civil law and common law systems.
Skills: Graduates of the course analyse and critically compare legal regulation of property law and succession law across different legal systems. They identify legal problems, formulate legal questions relating to property and succession, and propose appropriate solutions. They independently search for and interpret legislation and case law relevant to property and succession law in different jurisdictions. At the same time, they formulate legal arguments and convincingly justify their positions in complex cases.
Responsibility and autonomy: Students independently analyse and resolve more complex legal problems in property law and succession law in a comparative context. When developing solutions, they rely on relevant legal sources, case law and doctrinal approaches. They independently identify, critically evaluate and apply information from different legal systems and justify proposed legal conclusions. They also cooperate effectively in teams when addressing complex legal cases and professionally present their legal arguments.
ERDKAMP, Paul: Ancient Rome. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013.
FIENSY, David A., STRANGE, Riley J. 2014. Galilee in the Late Second Temple and Mishnaic Periods. USA: Fortress Press, 2014.
GARDNER, Jane F.: Women in Roman Law and Society. Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1986.
HORSLEY, Richard: Jesus and Empire. Minneapolis: Augsburg Fortress, 2003.
KLOPPENBORG, J. S., MARSHALL, John. 2005. Apocalypticism, Anti-Semitism and the Historical Jesus: Subtexts in Criticism. USA: Bloomsbury T&T Clark, 2005.
deLaine, J., Johnston, D. E.: Roman Baths and Bathing. Rhode Island: Thomson-Shore, 1999.
MATYSZAK, Philip: Gladiator. London: Thames & Hudson, 2011.
MATYSZAK, Philip: Legionary. London: Thames & Hudson, 2018.
MATYSZAK, Philip: 24 hours in Ancient Rome. London: Michael O'Mara Books Ltd, 2019.
RICHARDSON, John. Roman Provincial Administration. Eastbourne: Macmillan Education Ltd, 2001.
RÜPKE, Jörg: A Companion to Roman Religion. London: Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2007.
Continuous evaluation (100%): activity during seminars (10%), elaboration of assignment (90%).
Classification scale: A/1 = 91–100%; B/1,5 =81–90%; C/2 = 73–80%; D/2,5 = 66–72%; E: 60 – 65%, Fx: 0–59%.
The course is examined in part with the use of non-annotated legal regulations in accordance with the instructions of the instructor.
english
1. Introduction to Latin pronunciation and languages of the Roman Empire;
2. Roman kingdom;
3. Roman republic;
4. Principate;;
5. Dominate;
6. The fall of the Roman Empire and subsequent development;
7. Religion;
8. Administration and inhabitants;
9. Roman family and women;
10. Technological advancement;
11. Hygiene and medical care;
12. Games and fun;
13. Military;
14. Rome around us.
100/0
a) Knowledge: After the completion of the course, a student is able to orient themselves in the historical context of Roman law, including terms related to specific areas of Roman life and society. Student is acquainted with the problems of the development of the Roman state, the structure of its inhabitants, aspects of Roman culture and life.
b) Skills: A student can identify the place of Roman law in the life the Roman society and better understand the contexts of specific aspects of Roman law as a profile course within the study of law. Students can identify the stages of development of Roman society on a deeper level and understand the change from kingdom to republic and empire. The student knows the historical and cultural context of European society and understands the specifics of life in the ancient world, whether in the areas of the army, hygiene, religion, or technology.
c) Independence and responsibility: A student gains the ability to discern between various historical eras of the Roman state, gains general knowledge, and proper opinion on previous historical eras. Within the work during the course, the student is made to work independently as well as in groups, searching for relevant information that they need to summarize and present publicly relating to an assigned theme. Working in groups develops their sense of responsibility towards themselves and others since the group evaluation depends on the efforts of each member. In the work assignment also a practical and creative feature is included that forces the students to think of the real functioning of things, the aim of which is to provide students with space for a different type of activity than is usually expected of them as part of their studies, offering a form of psychohygiene.
Holland, J. - Webb, J.: Learning Legal Rules. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003.
Burnham, W.: Introduction to the Law and Legal System of the United States. St. Paul: West, 2006.
Basic knowledge of legal English.
Continuous assessment: based on written work with open questions according to the teacher's assignment (100%)
Grading scale: A/1 = 91–100%; B/1.5 = 81–90%; C/2 = 73–80%; D/2.5 = 66–72%; E/3 = 60–65%; FX = 0–59%.
The course is tested in part using the uncommented legislation according to the instructions of the teacher.
english
1. Cultural context of American law (including the function of US law in a liberal capitalist and predominantly Christian environment).
2. Historical context of American law (colonization, revolution, Hamilton/Jefferson problems, Civil War, territorial expansion, populism, industrialization, population migration and red state/blue state problems). Social problems and sustainability.
3. Common Law and its relationship to the commercial and cultural context in the USA. Sources of law. Function of the Constitution and the US Constitution.
4. The US judicial system.
5. Property rights (including intellectual property law)
6. Contract law. Law of Agency.
7. Civil tort law
8. Criminal law
9. Business corporations in the USA - Overview. Corporate Governance. Capital formation and regulation (public and private companies). Transfers of ownership in business law (including Private Equity and M&A transactions).
10. Regulatory environment. Administrative law and procedure. Labor law (including workplace safety and discrimination). Environmental regulation. Consumer protection (including food and drug regulations).
11. Commerce and Commercial Transactions. Basic Issues. Sales and Distribution. Contracts for the Sale of Goods (Domestic). Secured Transactions.
12. Creditor Rights and Bankruptcy.
13. Antitrust Law and Regulation. Cross-Border Transactions. Internet Regulation
100/0
Knowledge: Within the framework of the course, students deepen their knowledge of the functioning of the legal system in the United States of America, improve their work with precedents, as well as the specific methodology of lawyers from the Anglo-American legal family (common law), which is predominantly inductive (unlike the deductive method of formulating legal rules that prevails in continental Europe).
Skills: Upon completion of the course, students will have expanded their competence in legal English, as active participation in classes with an American lecturer and independent study of background materials provided by the lecturer will be required to pass the course. Students will also gain the ability to communicate more effectively with American lawyers.
Responsibility and independence: The main idea of the course is to provide students with an introduction to the structure and functioning of the legal system in the United States, with an emphasis on specific areas of law in which students express interest, with the possibility of direct transfer of practical knowledge and experience tailored to the requirements of students and the expertise of the foreign lecturer. Through group work in seminars, students are prepared to collaborate effectively with their peers in group projects, show respect for different opinions, and take responsibility for the results and fair distribution of group work.
1. GRAZIANO, T.: Comparative Contract Law: Cases, Materials and Exercises. London: Palgrave, 2009.
2. JANSEN, N., ZIMMERMANN, R. (eds.): Commentaries on European Contract Laws. Oxford: University Press, 2018.
3. von BAR, Ch., CLIVE, E., SCHULTE NOLKE, H. Principles, Definitions and Model Rules of European Private Law: Draft Common Frame of Reference (DCFR), 6 Volumes (Outline Edition). Munich: Sellier. European Law Publishers. 2009.
4. ZWEIGERT, K. - KÖTZ: An Introduction to Comparative Law. 3rd Ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998.
5. KNAPP, C. - CRYSTAL, N. - PRINCE, H.: Problems in Contract Law. Cases and Materials. Frederick: Aspen Publishers, 2007.
6. FARNSWORTH, E.A.: Contracts. 4th Edition. New York: Aspen Publishing, 2004.
7. KNAPP, C.L. – CRYSTAL, N.M. – PRINCE, H.G.: Problems in Contract Law. Cases and Materials. 6th Edition. New York: Aspen Publishing, 2007.
8. KNAPP, C.L. – CRYSTAL, N.M. – PRINCE, H.G.: Rules of Contract Law. 2011-2012. Statutory Supplement. New York: Aspen Publishing, 2011.
- Continuous assessment (PowerPoint presentation of selected issues, discussion of this presentation): 40%
- Final evaluation (preparation of a final written submission or case study): 60%
Classification scale: A / 1 = 91 - 100%; B / 1.5 = 81 - 90%; C / 2 = 73 - 80%; D / 2.5 = 66 - 72%; E / 3 = 60 - 65%; FX = 0 - 59%.
The course is tested in part using the uncommented legislation according to the instructions of the teacher.
English
1. Introduction to the study - definition of the term obligation, reasons for the emergence of obligations in private law, an overview of the regulation of contract law in selected legal systems
2. Europeanization of contract law
3. Ability to enter into a contractual relationship, general restrictions on contractual freedom
4. Representation, contracts for the benefit of a third party
5. Origin of contracts - offer and acceptance, case, formal requirements
6. Circumstances precluding the validity of the contract
7. Typology of contracts and interpretation of contracts
8. Consumer contracts, conditions in contractual relations
9. Securing contractual relations I
10. Securing contractual relations II
11.Changes in obligationsTermination of the contract I
12. Termination of the contract II
13. Final repetition
The legal systems subject to comparison include in particular: Germany, France, Hungary, Estonia, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Spain, Poland, Austria, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Ukraine, the common law system, and the case-law of the Court of Justice of the European Union.
40/60
Upon successful completion of the course, the student is able to understand the fundamental principles of the law of obligations in a comparative context, with particular emphasis on contractual obligations. The student is capable of identifying similarities and differences between individual legal systems, especially between the continental (civil law) and Anglo-American (common law) traditions, and of analysing their theoretical foundations. The course offers students an overview of contractual obligations not only in the main jurisdictions of Western civilization, i.e. within the continental and Anglo-American legal families, but also in the context of existing initiatives aimed at the unification of European contract law. Particular attention is devoted to the Principles of European Contract Law and the Common Frame of Reference, developed on the basis of comparative research by leading European scholars. The aim of the course is to develop the student’s ability to critically assess legal regulations, work with case law and scholarly literature in a foreign language, and apply the comparative method when solving legal problems. The course is taught using relevant legislation, model rules, case law, and practical case studies.
Knowledge:
The student:
• knows the basic concepts of the law of obligations in continental and common law systems
• understands the differences between contractual and non-contractual liability from a comparative perspective
• is familiar with the fundamental principles governing the creation, modification, and termination of obligations
• understands the significance of harmonisation and unification efforts in the field of the law of obligations
• knows the basic model rules and their importance for the development of European private law
Skills:
The student:
• is able to identify and analyse differences between the legal regulations of individual states
• applies the comparative method in solving practical cases
• works with legal texts and case law in a foreign language
• is able to formulate legal arguments in a comparative context
• can critically assess the advantages and limits of individual legal solutions
• prepares an academic text using comparative sources and proper citation
Responsibility and Autonomy:
In completing assignments, students work both individually and in groups. They independently analyse legal texts, case law, and scholarly literature, prepare comparative analyses, and actively participate in discussions and the resolution of model cases. Emphasis is placed on independent critical thinking, precise argumentation, and the ability to defend one’s own legal conclusions in academic discussion.
1. GRAZIANO, T.: Comparative Contract Law: Cases, Materials and Exercises. London: Palgrave, 2009.
2. ZWEIGERT, K. - KÖTZ: An Introduction to Comparative Law. 3rd Ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998.
3. KNAPP, C. - CRYSTAL, N. - PRINCE, H.: Problems in Contract Law. Cases and Materials. Frederick: Aspen Publishers, 2007.
4. ZIMMERMANN, R.: The Law of Obligations. Roman Foundations of the Civilian Tradition. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996.
5. KEETON, W.P. – DOBBS, D.B. – OWEN, D.G.: Prosser and Keeton on Torts. 5th Edition. St. Paul: West Group, 1984.
6. CHRISTIE, G.C. – MEEKS, J.E. – PRYOR, E.S. – SANDERS, J.: Cases and Materials on the Law of Torts. 4th Edition. St. Paul: West Group, 2004.
7. Principles of European Tort Law: Text and Commentary
- Continuous assessment (PowerPoint presentation of selected issues, discussion of this presentation): 40%
- Final evaluation (preparation of a final written submission or case study): 60%
Classification scale: A / 1 = 91 - 100%; B / 1.5 = 81 - 90%; C / 2 = 73 - 80%; D / 2.5 = 66 - 72%; E / 3 = 60 - 65%; FX = 0 - 59%.
The course is tested in part using uncommented legislation according to the instructions of the teacher.
English
1. Repetitorium of contract law
2. Selected contract types I
3. Selected contract types II
4. Selected contract types III
5. Selected contract types IV
6. Introduction to non-contractual obligations
7. Liability in private law (subjective, objective, absolute)
8. Pre-contractual liability
9. Liability - general requirements of the subject, responsibility for the actions of other persons, fault
10. Liability for damage - the concept of damage and damages, causal nexus
11. Liability - circumstances precluding liability, limitation of liability
12. Liability for defects / quality
13. Unjust enrichment
14. Final repetition
The legal systems subject to comparison include in particular: Germany, France, Hungary, Estonia, the Netherlands, Spain, Poland, Austria, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Ukraine, the common law system, and the case-law of the Court of Justice of the European Union.
40/60
The content of the course directly follows and develops the knowledge acquired in Comparative Obligations Law I. The aim of the course is to provide students with an overview of selected contractual types that are most frequently used in practice, not only in the principal jurisdictions of Western civilization, i.e. within the continental (civil law) and Anglo-American (common law) legal families, but also in a broader comparative context. Students will also become acquainted with the basic non-contractual obligations, arising in particular from damage caused, defective performance, and unjust enrichment. These institutes are examined both from a comparative perspective and with regard to the Principles of European Tort Law. The course further strengthens the ability to analyse specific contractual types and non-contractual liability regimes across different legal systems and to understand their systematic and functional differences.
Knowledge:
The student:
• knows the essential features of selected contractual types in continental and common law systems
• understands the structure and legal regulation of the most commonly used contracts in comparative perspective
• is familiar with the foundations of non-contractual obligations, especially liability for damage, defective performance, and unjust enrichment
• understands the main differences between contractual and tortious liability across legal systems
• knows the significance of the Principles of European Tort Law and other harmonisation efforts in European private law
Skills:
The student:
• is able to compare and analyse specific contractual types in different legal systems
• applies the comparative method to the assessment of contractual and non-contractual liability
• works with legislation, case law, and academic literature in a foreign language
• formulates structured legal arguments in relation to concrete contractual types and liability regimes
• critically evaluates different legal approaches to damage, defective performance, and unjust enrichment
• prepares an academic text based on comparative sources using proper citation.
Responsibility and Autonomy:
In completing assignments, students work both individually and in groups. They independently analyse legislation, case law, and scholarly literature, prepare comparative assessments of selected contractual types and non-contractual obligations, and actively participate in discussions and the resolution of practical cases. Emphasis is placed on independent critical thinking, precise legal reasoning, and the ability to defend well-founded legal conclusions in academic debate.
1. BOGDAN, M.: Private International Law As Component of the Law of the Forum : General Course. Hague: Brill, 2012
2. CARR, I.: International Trade Law.
3. FENTIMAN, R.: International commercial litigation. Oxford, 2010 Oxford University Press.
4. FERRARI, F. – LEIBLE, S.: Rome I Regulation: The Law Applicable to Contractual Obligations in Europe. Sellier, 2009
5. KUIPERS, J. J.: EU Law and Private International Law: The Interrelationship in Contractual Obligations. LEiden: Brill Nijhoff, 2012.
6. ROZEHNALOVÁ, N.– DRLIČKOVÁ, K. et al.: Czech Private International Law. 1st Edition. Brno: Masaryk University, Faculty of Law, 2015.
7. LYSINA, P. (ed.) Basic institutes of Slovak private international law. Bratislava (Slovensko) : Wolters Kluwer, 2023. – ISBN 978-80-571-0605-0
8. LYSINA, P., BURDOVÁ, K.: Slovak Republic. 1. vyd. Alphen aan den Rijn (Holandsko) : Wolters Kluwer. Kluwer Law International, 2023.SBN 978-90-411-1555-3.
9. LYSINA, P., BURDOVÁ, K., SLAŠŤAN, M.: Handbook for seminars of private international law. Bratislava (Slovensko) : Wolters Kluwer ; Univerzita Komenského v Bratislave. Právnická fakulta UK, 2023. 742 s. ISBN 978-80-571-0603-6
Assessment consists of a mid-term examination (40%) and a final examination (60%). The mid-term examination consists of a written theoretical test. The final examination is based on a simple case based examination.
Classification scale: A / 1 = 91 - 100%; B / 1.5 = 81 - 90%; C / 2 = 73 - 80%; D / 2.5 = 66 - 72%; E / 3 = 60 - 65%; FX = 0 - 59%.
The subject is tested using the uncommented legal regulations.
English
1. Introduction to private international law (concept and subject of MPSaP, foreign element, jurisdiction, applicable law, recognition and enforcement of foreign decisions)
2. Methods of solving private law relations with a foreign element (direct method, conflict method, other methods of solving private law relations with a foreign element - lex mercatoria, creation of substantive ad hoc norms)
3. Sources of private international law with special emphasis on the interrelationship of sources of private international law (in particular the CISG, the Rome I Regulation, national rules, bilateral legal aid agreements)
4. Personal status of MPS I. - personal status of a natural person and personal status of a legal entity
5. Personal status of MPS II. - personal status of a natural person and personal status of a legal entity, a foreign person
6. Contractual obligations in international trade - sale and sale transactions - Application of the CISG, exclusion of the CISG, gaps in the CISG and methods of filling them
7. Contractual obligations in international trade II.
8. Contractual obligations in international trade III.
9. Scope of the Rome I Regulation, choice of law in the context of the Rome I Regulation, limitations of the applicable law chosen, impact of the choice of court on the choice of law
10. Rome I Regulation - methods of determining the applicable law in the absence of a choice of law, mandatory rules, public policy reservation
11. Introduction to dispute resolution in international trade (court dispute resolution, arbitration, mediation)
12. Dispute resolution in international trade II.
13. EU common commercial policy (EU competence, instruments - tariffs, quotas, imports into the EU, exports from the EU, areas of special regulation, safeguard measures, contractual instruments of the common commercial policy
40/60
Knowledge: the student has a systematic overview and basic orientation in the field of the basicinstitutes of private international law, including its sources, peculiarities and its relationship to other branches. The student understand the system of rules and statutes of private international law
Skills: the student can solve simple case studies focused on private international law, distinguisha purely national legal relationship from a legal relationship with links to several legal orders, elaborate a simple legal analysis.
Responsibility and independence: The student can make recommendations on the basic institutesof private international law.
1. GOODE, R: Transnational commercial law. 2nd edition, Oxford: 2012
2. CARR, I.: Interantional trade law. 5th edition, 2014
Continuous assessment: seminar activity, case study analysis, legal assignments – 40%
Final evaluation: oral examination (model case preparation and oral discussion) – 60%
Classification scale: A / 1 = 91 - 100%; B / 1.5 = 81 - 90%; C / 2 = 73 - 80%; D / 2.5 = 66 - 72%; E / 3 = 60 - 65%; FX = 0 - 59%.
The course is examined with the possibility of using non-annotated legislation and other legal sources in accordance with the instructions of the lecturer.
English
1. Purchase contract in international trade - direct method of legal regulation according to the Vienna Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods - pre-consensual stage of the purchase contract, the process of concluding the purchase contract and concluding the purchase contract
2. Vienna Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods - Basic obligations of the seller and the buyer
3. Vienna Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods - other rights and obligationsof the contracting parties
4. Vienna Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods - Rights and ObligationsRelated to Damages
5. Vienna Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods - other issues related to thepurchase of goods (passage of the risk of accidental destruction and destruction of goods, threat to performance, material effects of the contract)
6. Financial transactions in international trade - interstate regulation of payment system, private lawregulation of payment system, means of payment and their division,
7. Securing commitments in international trade
8. Securing commitments in international trade
9. Insurance contracts in international trade
10. Contracts in International Transport I
11, Contracts in international transport II
12. INCOTERMS clauses I
13. INCOTERMS clauses II
40/60
a) Knowledge
After completing the course, the student will understand the system of legal relations and sources governing international trade. The student will gain a comprehensive overview of national, international and institutional regulation of international trade law, including WTO, EU and OECD frameworks. The student will be able to identify cross-border elements of international commercial transactions and explain their legal implications.
b) Skills
The student will acquire the ability to analyse disputes and legal issues arising in international commercial practice, particularly with regard to applicable law, jurisdiction, recognition and enforcement of decisions, sanctions, and validity of contracts. The student will be able to apply relevant legal rules to specific factual scenarios and solve model case studies in the field of international trade.
c) Responsibility and independence
The student is capable of independently proposing appropriate legal solutions to commercial or financial transactions involving an international element and formulating basic legal recommendations for business practice. The student will take into account mandatory and non-mandatory rules, EU law and private international law aspects when assessing complex legal situations.
KROLL, S. -- LEW, J D M. -- MISTELIS, L A. Comparative International Commercial Arbitration. The Hague: Kluwer law International, 2003.
RUBINO-SAMMARTANO, M.: International Arbitration Law and Practice. The Hague: Kluwer Law International, 2001.
BORN, G. B.: International Arbitration: Law and Practice 2nd Edition. Wolters Kluwer 2015
MCLACHLAN, C. – SHORE, L. – WEINIGER, M.: International Investment Arbitration: Substantive Principles. 2nd Edition, Oxford University Press, 2 edition, 2017
MOSES, L. M. : The Principles and Practice of International Commercial Arbitration. 3rd Edition. Cambridge University Press 2017,
BERMANN, G. A.: International Arbitration and Private International Law. Martinus Nijhoff, 2017.
Continuous assessment: 10% (continuous assessment consists of participation in seminars, solving case studies, and preparing legal analyses as assigned)
Final assessment: 90% (an oral examination consisting of the preparation of a model case and an oral discussion of it)
Grading scale: A/1 = 91–100%; B/1.5 = 81–90%; C/2 = 73–80%; D/2.5 = 66–72%; E/3 = 60–65%; FX = 0–59%.
During the examination, the student may use all available sources of legal information, in particular unconsolidated legal texts, commentaries, case law, legal literature, and legal information systems.
English
1. Alternative dispute resolution
2. Arbitration in international trade, arbitration in domestic trade, permanent international arbitration courts, procedural rules
3. Basic concepts and institutes of arbitration
4. Sources of arbitration proceedings
5. Arbitration agreement
6. Arbitrator, permanent arbitral tribunal
7. Applicable law in arbitration proceedings
8. Specifics of arbitration proceedings in comparison with civil proceedings before national courts.
9. Initiation of arbitration proceedings and the course of arbitration proceedings
10. Arbitration decision, cancellation of arbitration decision
11. Recognition and enforcement of a foreign arbitration award
12. The relationship between arbitral tribunals and general courts, INCOTERMS I.
13. UNCITRAL International Arbitration Rules. International arbitration in the WTO decision -making mechanism, INCOTERMS II.
10/90
(a) Knowledge:
The student is oriented to the issues of international commercial arbitration. The student has a systematic overview and basic orientation in the field of legal regulation of international arbitral proceedings, including national legislation, international conventions and institutional arbitration rules. The student understands the fundamental institutions of arbitration, in particular the arbitration agreement, the position of the arbitrator, the applicable law, the arbitral award and the conditions for its recognition and enforcement.
(b) Skills:
The student can solve more complex case studies focused on international commercial arbitration and can correctly apply the relevant legal rules to specific arbitral disputes. The student is able to assess the suitability of arbitration for resolving a commercial dispute and to formulate the basic elements of an arbitration clause. The student can apply the rules concerning recognition and enforcement of arbitral awards in practical situations brought by legal practice.
(c) Responsibility and independence:
The student can make recommendations on how to resolve commercial disputes with an international element through arbitration. The student is able to independently assess the procedural implications of arbitration and to propose appropriate solutions in accordance with the applicable legal framework. Teaching also takes into account the requirements of practical application in the areas of the judiciary, public prosecution and legal professions supervised by the Ministry of Justice of the Slovak Republic.
1. ŠKRINÁR – NEVOLNÁ – KVOKAČKA: Fundamentals of Slovak Commercial Law (Slovak Company law), Aleš Čeněk, 2009.
2. PATAKYOVÁ et al. Company Law and Law on Cooperatives – General introduction to the topic and definition of basic terms, Bratislava : Univerzita Komenského v Bratislave, Právnická fakulta, 2019.
3. MAYSON – FRENCH – RYAN: Company Law (UK Company law), Derek French 2023.
4. CAHN – DONALD: Comparative company law, Oxford, 2023.
5. RIDLEY – SHEPHERD: Company law (Key Facts, Key Cases), Routledge (Taylor and Francis Group), 2015.
6. European Model Company Act.
7. Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union.
8. Slovak Act No. 513/1991 Coll. Commercial Code.
9. UK Companies Act 2006.
Continuous assessment: 100% (active participation in seminars or written assignments during the seminar or presentation of case studies (40%); preparation of the final case study (60%)) Final assessment:
Classification scale: A / 1 = 91 - 100%; B / 1.5 = 81 - 90%; C / 2 = 73 - 80%; D / 2.5 = 66 - 72%; E / 3 = 60 - 65%; FX = 0 - 59%
The subject is partially examined using unannotated legal regulations according to the lecturer’s instructions.
english
1. Company law and sources of company law
2. Entrepreneurial (business) activity, entrepreneur (business owner), enterprise
3. Business name and trade secret
4. Legal personality of companies, group of companies
5. Creation of companies and purpose of their creation
6. Defining characteristics of a company
7. Partnership and Limited partnership
8. Limited liability company 1
9. Limited liability company 2
10. Joint stock company / Public limited company
11. Developing the skills needed for written submissions and oral interaction
12. Honing students' oral interaction with teachers and classmates
13. Preparation of final assignment - case study
100/0
The course Comparative Company Law in the Context of the EU Law provides students with a comprehensive understanding of company law through the analysis and comparison of different legal systems. It covers fundamental topics such as the sources of company law, the legal personality of companies, corporate governance structures, and various forms of business entities, including partnerships, limited partnerships, limited liability companies, and joint-stock companies. Students will acquire key legal concepts and regulatory frameworks based on Slovak, UK, German and EU company law, developing critical thinking skills essential for assessing corporate structures and legal compliance across different jurisdictions.
The course further explores the formation and purpose of business entities, trade names, trade secrets, and the role of company law in business activities. Through case studies and comparative analysis, students will gain practical insights into the challenges and opportunities faced by business entities in diverse legal environments. This approach enhances their ability to navigate complex legal issues in the international business landscape. Additionally, the course equips students with the knowledge and skills necessary for practical application in their professional careers.
Knowledge:
Students can identify and analyse the sources of company law in various legal systems, particularly in Slovak, UK and EU law. They understand fundamental company law principles, the legal personality of companies, and corporate governance. They are able to characterize different types of business entities, including partnerships, limited partnerships, limited liability companies and joint-stock companies. Additionally, they have a thorough understanding of the legal aspects of company formation and purpose, as well as issues related to trade names and trade secrets.
Skills:
Students can address legal issues related to company law using a comparative approach within the context of EU law. They are capable of analysing and comparing legal frameworks of selected corporate institutions across different jurisdictions.
Responsibility and Independence:
Students can independently identify legal issues in company law, propose appropriate solutions, and formulate legal arguments within a comparative approach within the context of EU law. They are able to work autonomously with legal regulations and apply their knowledge in preparing legal documents, analyses and case studies. Moreover, they can effectively communicate and defend their legal opinions in both academic and professional settings
Tomas Vesting: State Theory and the Law, An Introduction. UK: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2022
Mark Tushnet, et al.: Routledge Handbook of Constitutional Law. Routledge, 2013, 2021
Vicki C. Jackson, Mark V. Tushnet: Comparative Constitutional Law, 2nd Ed. (University Casebook Series), 2. prepracované vydanie, Foundation Press, 2006
Aalt Willem Heringa, Philipp Kiiver: Constitutions Compared: An Introduction to Comparative Constitutional Law (Ius Commune Europaeum), 3. vydanie, Intersentia; 2012
Michel Rosenfeld and András Sajó (edt.): The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Constitutional Law, Oxford, U.K.: Oxford University Press, 2012.
Erwin Chemerinsky: Constitutional Law Third Edition(Kindle Edition), 3. prepracované vydanie,Aspen Publishers, 2009
John Bell: Judiciaries within Europe: A Comparative Review, Cambridge Studies in International and Comparative Law 47, Cambridge University Press, 2010
Tom Ginsburg, Rosalind Dixon (edt.): Comparative Constitutional Law; Research Handbooks in Comparative Law Series, Cheltenham, UK ; Northampton, Edward Elgar Publishing, 2011
40% – Oral presentation of the student’s research project on a topic within the field of Theory of the State and Constitutional Law.
60% – Written examination. The examination is conducted partially with the use of unannotated legislation, in accordance with the instructor’s instructions.
Grading Scale: A (1) = 91–100%; B (1.5) = 81–90%; C (2) = 73–80%; D (2.5) = 66–72%; E (3) = 60–65%; FX (fail) = 0–59%.
english
1. Introduction to the Subject: Course Information, Objectives, and Methodology of Theory of the State and Comparative Constitutional Law
2. The State: Concept, Characteristics, Historical Development, and Constituent Elements
3. The Constitution: Features, Functions, Types of Constitutions, and the Material Core of the Constitution
4. The Nature and Development of Constitutionalism; Constitution-Making and Constitutional Amendment; Legitimacy of Power
5. The Constitutional Status of the Individual (Human Rights and Freedoms; The Proportionality Test)
6. Forms of Government
7. Federalism and Autonomy (Territorial Organisation of the State)
8. Referendum as a Form of Direct Democracy: Advantages and Risks
9. The Legislative Branch from a Comparative Perspective
10. The Executive Branch from a Comparative Perspective
11. Elections and Electoral Systems within the Constitutional Framework
12. Constitutional Adjudication from a Comparative Perspective
13. Written Examination
40/60
Knowledge: Upon completion of the course, the student acquires knowledge in the field of Theory of the State and selected institutions and issues of comparative constitutional law. The student is able to identify differences in the regulation of state power, mechanisms of control of political power, the concept of the rule of law, and selected questions relating to the organisation of state authority, statehood, and the pursuit of the public interest or the interests of individuals within selected constitutional systems. The course begins with an in-depth examination of core theoretical topics, such as the concept and forms of the constitution, the material core of the constitution, constitutional identity, federalism, and the constitutional status of the individual. It then proceeds to a more detailed analysis of selected constitutional systems, focusing on their contemporary approaches to regulating key constitutional institutions.
Skills: The student gains a systematic overview of the fundamental concepts of selected constitutional systems, including their underlying principles and legal sources. The student is able to critically assess differences between selected constitutional models and evaluate their impact on the functioning of the rule of law. The course thereby contributes to the development of independent legal reasoning in the fields of Theory of the State and comparative constitutional law.
Responsibility and autonomy: The student is capable of independent critical thinking and of articulating well-reasoned positions on constitutional dilemmas and issues, supported by relevant legal and theoretical arguments.
Davis, J. (2012). Intellectual property law (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press.
Aplin, T., & Davis, J. (2017). Intellectual property law: Text, cases, and materials (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press.
Cornish, W., Llewelyn, D., & Aplin, T. (2019). Intellectual property: Patents, copyright, trademarks and allied rights (9th ed.). Sweet & Maxwell.
Roux-Vaillard, S. (Ed.). (2024). The intellectual property review (13th ed.). Law Business Research Ltd.
Sterling, J. A. L. (2008). World copyright law: Protection of authors’ works, performances, phonograms, films, video, broadcasts and published editions in national, international and regional law (3rd ed.). Sweet & Maxwell.
On-going evaluation: 30 % (on-going evaluation based on the activities on seminars, case studies, legal analyses)
Final examination: 70 % (written examination composed of case studies and theoretical knowledge divided into two parts during semester) Classification scale: A/1 = 91–100%; B/1,5 =81–90%; C/2 = 73–80%; D/2,5 = 66–72%; E: 60 – 65%, Fx: 0–59%.
Students are allowed to use all accessible sources of legal information, mainly non-commentary laws, commentaries, case law, legal literature and legal information systems.
english
1. The concept and justifications of IPRs
2. International and European framework
3. The concept and justifications of Patent laws
4. The registration of patent's rights
5. The infringement and exceptions in Patent laws
6. The concept and justification of Designs
7. The concept and justification of Copyright laws
8. The scope, protection and infringement of copyright in EU
9. Exceptions and limitations of copyright through EU
10. The online copyright infringement and liability of intermediaries adjudicated in major jurisdictions
11. The concept and justification of Trademarks
12. The registration of Trademarks
13. The infringement and defences in Trademark laws
14. IPRs and its relation to data protection, personality protection
30/70
Knowledge: Students will gain a systematic overview of all intellectual property law subjects regulated at European and international level.
Skills: Students will be able to solve practical tasks focused on the protection of individual subjects of intellectual property law, primarily from the perspective of European and international law.
Responsibility and independence: Students will be able to use the facts provided to prepare assignments related to the protection of individual intellectual property rights with regard to their
legal regulation in the context of intellectual property law at the European and international levels
Katz, D. M. a kol.: Legal Informatics. Cambridge University Press, 2021.
Marchant, G. E. a kol. The Growing Gap Between Emerging Technologies and Legal-Ethical Oversight. The Pacing Problem.Springer, 2011.
Moses, L. B.: How to Think about Law, Regulation and Technology: Problems with ‘Technology’ as a Regulatory Target. In Law, Innovation and Technology, 5 (1), 2023.
Lessig, L.: Code 2.0, 2002
Interim evaluation: written semester paper (50%) and search in legal information systems (50%)
Grading scale: A/1 = 91-100%; B/1.5 =81-90%; C/2 = 73-80%; D/2.5 = 66-72%; E: 60-65%, Fx: 0-59%.
Uncommented legislation is allowed during the interim evaluation.
english
1. Law, technology, innovation and society - introduction
2. Digital humanism
3. Regulation of new technologies
4. New technologies and information ecosystem
5. Generative artificial intelligence - challenges and problematic aspects
6. Model case study for applying knowledge
7. Introduction to legal informatics - Legal informatics as a science. Basic concepts. Historical excursion. Legal information - Concept, types.
8. European legal information system - EUR-Lex.
9. Legal information systems HUDOC, Curia
10. Search for professional and scientific literature
11. Artificial intelligence and legal professions
12. Practical use of artificial intelligence in solving case studies
13. Interim evaluation
100/0
A) Knowledge: The student has a systematic overview and basic orientation in the relationship between law and new technologies from a broader perspective. The student will also acquire extensive knowledge in the field of legal information and legal information systems.
B) Skills: The student can use legal information systems as sources of legal information, both for further study and for subsequent work in legal practice. At the same time, the student can identify social risks in the deployment and regulation of new technologies.
C) Responsibility and independence: The student can provide recommendations regarding searches in legal information systems and legal information and in connection with the identification of a wide range of risks related to the deployment and regulation of new technologies.
Greer, S. L. - Rozenblum, S. - Fahy N. - Panteli, D. – Jarman, H. – Brooks, E. - de Ruijter, A. – Rockwell, O. & Wismar, M.: Everything you always wanted to know about European Union health policies but were afraid to ask (4th Edition). Copenhagen: European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, WHO Regional Office for Europe; 2024.
Exter, André den, & Markus Frischhut: Cross-border Health Care and European Union Law. Edited by André den Exter. Rotterdam: Erasmus University Press, 2017. https://www.activecitizenship.net/multimedia/files/documents/2017-cross-border-health-care-and-european-union-law.pdf. Priebežné hodnotenie bude tvoriť 100% výsledného hodnotenia. Zložky priebežného hodnotenia predstavujú:
1. 40% hodnotenia bude udelené na základe vyhodnotenia individuálnej práce - právne analýzy legislatívy alebo judikatúry alebo porovnávacia analýza podľa pokynov vyzučujúcich.
2. 60% hodnotenia bude udelené na základe výsledkov písomnej skúšky (kontrolné otázky, riešenie prípadovej štúdie)
Klasifikačná stupnica: A/1 = 91 – 100 %; B/1,5 = 81 – 90 %; C/2 = 73 – 80 %; D/2,5 = 66 – 72 %; E/3 = 60 – 65 %; FX = 0 – 59 %.
The student has a basic understanding of social security law.
The student is able to work independently with primary and secondary sources.
Continuous assessment is 100% of assessment and consists of:
40 % of the total assessment consists of individual work - legal analyses of legislation or case law or comparative analysis according to the instructions of the teaching staff.
60% of the assessment will be awarded on the basis of the results of the written assignment (test questions, case study solution)
Scale of assessment: A/1 = 91 – 100 %; B/1,5 = 81 – 90 %; C/2 = 73 – 80 %; D/2,5 = 66 – 72 %; E/3 = 60 – 65 %; FX = 0 – 59 %.
english
1. Introduction to the EU regulatory framework and institutions (competences in the field of health, role of EU bodies, governance)
2. Foundations of cross border healthcare in the EU (concept, scope, legal bases, patient mobility)
3. Health Systems and Financing Models in Europe
4. Social security coordination under Regulations 883/2004 & 987/2009: Unplanned and Necessary Healthcare During Temporary Stays (EHIC, S1 forms, ECJ case law)
5. Patient rights, access to care, planned treatment and reimbursement rules under Directive 2011/24/EU (prior authorisation, national contact points)
6. Quality and patient safety in EU cross border healthcare (minimum standards, responsibilities of providers, quality assurance)
7. Cooperation between Member States, Eropean reference Networks, Health Technology Assessment under Directive 2011/24/EU
8. Rights of patients: right to information, right to complaint, right to compensation
9. Access to healthcare for foreign nationals and third country nationals (TCNs)
10. European Health Data Space (EHDS) and EU cross border health care
11. Free movement of healthcare professionals (recognition of qualifications, registration, safety implications)
12. European Health Union (EHU): preparedness, health threats, crisis response
13. Comparative examples from selected EU Member States & Final Summary
100/0
Knowledge:
Students will acquire an introductory and systematic overview of EU health law with a particular focus on cross‑border healthcare, including the legal framework established by Directive 2011/24/EU and the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) and European Court of Human Rights.
Students will understand the basic mechanisms through which cross‑border healthcare is provided within the EU, including reimbursement models, patient rights, safety and quality standards, and cooperation between Member States.
Students will gain insight into judicial practice relevant to cross‑border healthcare and its relationship with other areas of EU law, including the free movement of persons, social security coordination, EU health data space (EHDS), anti-dicrimiation law and fundamental rights.
Students will will become familiar the role of national health systems, using the Slovak system as an illustrative example of a national implementation framework.
Skills:
Students will be able to interpret and analyse relevant EU legislation and case law, including judgments of the CJEU that shape the rights of patients seeking healthcare across borders.
Students will be able to apply EU norms to practical case studies and explain how cross‑border healthcare functions in real situations within the EU.
Students will be able to independently identify, compare, and evaluate different approaches to the regulation of cross‑border healthcare in selected EU countries.
Students will be able to critically assess the interaction between EU‑level rules and national healthcare systems, including reimbursement procedures and patients’ rights.
Responsibility and Autonomy:
Students will develop an understanding of the social impact of health law and the responsibility of legal professionals to support fair and accessible healthcare within the EU legal framework.
Students will be able to independently review essential legal sources discussed during the lectures and use them to understand the basic principles of cross‑border healthcare within the EU.
They will demonstrate the ability to think independently and analytically about the material presented and to express their reasoning clearly in written or oral form when completing course requirements.
Della Cananea, G., & Auby, J.-B. (Eds.). (2024). General principles and sector-specific rules in European administrative laws (The Common Core of European Administrative Law). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198867579.001.0001
The in-depth analysis "The General Principles of EU Administrative Procedural Law" (2015), requested by the JURI Committee, is best cited as a European Parliament policy department study, often authored by D.-U. Galetta, H.C.H. Hofmann, O. Mir, and J. Ziller. Key citation details include the year 2015 and the publication number IPOL_IDA(2015)519224. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/IDAN/2015/519224/IPOL_IDA%282015%29519224_EN.pdf
Harlow, C. (2006). Global Administrative Law: The Quest for Principles and Values. The European Journal of International Law, 2006, Vol. 17 no.1, pp. 187–214. https://www.ejil.org/pdfs/17/1/68.pdf
Friedery, R (2018). Good administration through the lens of the CJEU: Direction for the administrative bodies. (2018). Bratislava Law Review, 2(1), 116-122. https://doi.org/10.46282/blr.2018.2.1.98
OECD. SIGMA (2023). The Principles of Public Administration. https://www.sigmaweb.org/en/publications/2023/11/the-principles-of-public-administration_5e68f805.html
Continuous assessment – 30% of the overall grade – participation in seminars, including engagement in discussions and the solving of case studies.
Final assessment – 70% oral examination.
Grading scale: A/1 = 91–100%; B/1.5 = 81–90%; C/2 = 73–80%; D/2.5 = 66–72%; E/3 = 60–65%; FX = 0–59%.
The course is examined with the use of unannotated legal texts.
english
1. European principles of Administrative Law as a study discipline: an introduction
2. Europeanization of Administrative Law: a notion, directions and tools
3. Classification and sources of European principles of Administrative Law
4. General European principles of Administrative Law
5. Principle of proportionality in European Administrative Law
6. Principle of participation in European Administrative Law
7. European principles of public administration
8. European principles of local administration
9. European principles of civil service
10. European principles of normative decision-making of public administration entities
11. European principles of administrative procedure
12. European principles of administrative liability
13. European principles of administrative justice
30/70
After completing the course, the student gains a comprehensive view of European principes of Administrative Law.
a) Knowledge:
The student has a broad knowledge of the European principles of Administrative Law.
b) Skills:
The student is able to solve case studies focused on European principles of Administrative Law. The student is able to identify, find and interpret relevant legislation, jurisprudence, legal doctrine and other legal information, and based on this, make informed decisions that also take into account social, scientific and ethical aspects in frames of Administrative Law on the basis of European principles of Administrative Law; she/he also masters the methods of interpretation and application of legal norms and ascertainment of the facts.
The student is oriented in the systems and methods of obtaining legally relevant information (legal regulations and related documents, decisions of courts and administrative bodies, professional and scientific legal literature), while being able to obtain and apply legal information, and can communicate concepts, problems and solutions based on this; at the same time, it can also be about applying this information in practice or about solving a partial task that is related to the student's future focus.
The student is able to think analytically and synthetically in the focal legal branches of the national legal order, specifically and in depth in individual areas of administrative law on the basis of European principles of administrative law; based on this, she/he can propose innovative and practical procedures and solutions to complex and unpredictable problems.
c) Responsibility and independence:
The student is able to carry out specialized preparatory and final work within the legal positions of the public and private sectors, which relate to the European principles of Administrative Law.
The student is able to manage complex activities or projects related to the field of Administrative Law on the basis of the European principles of administrative law, to bear responsibility for decision-making in an unpredictable work or study environment and to take responsibility for managing the professional development of individuals and groups.
The student has the ability to critically evaluate the relevance of legal information and data and, on this basis, to make socially responsible and moral decisions in the field of Administrative Law on the basis of the European principles of Administrative Law.
Aristotle. (2007). On rhetoric: A theory of civic discourse (G. A. Kennedy, Trans., 2nd ed.). Oxford University Press.
Cicero. (2001). On the ideal orator (De oratore) (J. M. May & J. Wisse, Trans.). Oxford University Press.
Scalia, A., & Garner, B. A. (2008). Making your case: The art of persuading judges. Thomson/West.
Tiscione, K. K. (2016). Rhetoric for legal writers: The theory and practice of analysis and persuasion. West Academic Publishing.
Trachtman, J. P. (2013). The tools of argument: How the best lawyers think, argue, and win. Createspace Independent Publishing Platform.
Continuous Assessment: 100%, participation in the oral round of the competition
Grading scale: A / 1 = 91–100%, B / 1.5 = 81–90%, C / 2 = 73–80% , D / 2.5 = 66–72%, E / 3 = 60–65%, FX = 0–59%
The course is examined using unannotated legal regulations and case law, in accordance with the instructor’s instructions.
english
Preparation of Oral Pleadings: Structure and logic of oral argumentation based on written submissions; Selection and emphasis of the most important arguments; Preparation of opening statement and concluding submissions
Rhetoric and Verbal Communication: Techniques of persuasive and clear delivery (intonation, pace, articulation); Non-verbal communication (gestures, posture, eye contact); Working with emotions and emphasis in oral advocacy
Conduct of Oral Proceedings and Responses to Judicial Questions: Anticipating potential questions based on written submissions and oral argumentation; Effective responses to questions from the bench; Stress management and maintaining control of time and subject matter during the pleading
100/0
The FMC – Oral Round represents a simulation of oral court proceedings in the field of international law or European Union law. Through simulated oral hearings before international courts (e.g. Court of Justice of the European Union, International Court of Justice, International Criminal Court), students develop skills in legal analysis, verbal argumentation, and rhetoric. Emphasis is placed on the preparation and presentation of oral legal arguments and on responding to questions from the bench.
Learning Outcomes: Upon completion of the course, the student will be able to:
- apply knowledge of international law and EU law in the oral resolution of a simulated judicial dispute
- effectively and persuasively present legal arguments before a court
- respond to questions from the bench based on the submitted written memorial, case law, and relevant legal sources
Knowledge: The student will acquire knowledge of:
- the functioning of international and European judicial institutions, their structure, jurisdiction, and rules of oral procedure
- techniques and methods of legal argumentation and the principles of persuasive oral advocacy and courtroom communication. The student will also acquire the fundamentals of courtroom rhetoric
Skills: the student will be able to:
- prepare and deliver well-founded and structured oral legal arguments
- analyse legal problems in oral form, with emphasis on key issues and arguments
- respond flexibly to judicial questions and engage in reply and rejoinder to opposing arguments
Responsibility and Individuality: The student will demonstrate:
- the ability to independently prepare for and perform in oral proceedings within the allocated time
- a responsible approach to accuracy and professional quality of oral presentation
- openness to professional feedback and the ability to incorporate it into subsequent oral presentations
CRAIG, P., DE BÚRCA, G.: EU Law. Text, cases and materials. Oxford: OUP, 2020.
CASSESE, A. Cassese's International Law, Oxford: OUP, 2020, 616 s.
Continuous Assessment: 100%, participation in the written round of the competition
Final assessment:
Grading scale: A / 1 = 91–100%, B / 1.5 = 81–90%, C / 2 = 73–80% , D / 2.5 = 66–72%, E / 3 = 60–65%, FX = 0–59%
The course is examined using unannotated legal regulations and case law, in accordance with the instructor’s instructions.
english
- Fundamentals of drafting legal written submissions - structure, format, and style
- Techniques for searching and selecting relevant legal arguments and sources of law
- Analysis and interpretation of international and European legal norms
- Practical drafting of written submissions
100/0
FMC – Written Round is a simulation of judicial proceedings in the field of international law or European Union law. Through simulated proceedings before international courts (e.g. Court of Justice of the European Union, International Court of Justice, International Criminal Court), students develop skills in legal analysis, written expression, and argumentation. Emphasis is placed on drafting procedural submissions.
Learning Outcomes: Upon completion of the course, the student will be able to:
-apply knowledge of international law and EU law in resolving a model judicial dispute
-draft a professional written submission in accordance with the rules of the relevant judicial forum
-argue effectively on the basis of legal analysis, case law, and relevant sources of law
Knowledge: The student will acquire knowledge of:
Functioning of Courts: Understanding the structure, jurisdiction, and procedural rules of international and European judicial institutions (e.g. Court of Justice of the European Union, International Court of Justice, International Criminal Court).
Sources of Law: Working with international treaties, case law, general principles of law, and EU law.
Interpretation of Law: Understanding how courts interpret legal norms and how legal argumentation is developed in the international context.
Legal Argumentation: Mastering the basic techniques of persuasive and professional written advocacy.
Skills: The student will be able to: analyse a complex legal problem involving international or European law identify key legal issues and relevant sources of law necessary for their resolution draft a legal submission meeting the requirements of international judicial style work with legal databases, case law, and secondary literature at an advanced level
Responsibility and Individuality: The student will demonstrate: the ability to work independently on a complex legal task within a specified time frame, a responsible approach to the quality, accuracy, and professional standard of their written output, openness to professional feedback and the ability to reflect it in subsequent work.
According to the instructions of the supervisor
Ongoing evaluation:
Final evaluation: bachelor thesis and its defense (100%)
Classification scale: A / 1 = 91 - 100%; B / 1.5 = 81 - 90%; C / 2 = 73 - 80%; D / 2.5 = 66 - 72%; E / 3 = 60 - 65%; FX = 0 - 59%.
The defense of the bachelor's thesis is carried out without the use of uncommented legal regulations.
English
1. Professional guidance and methodological help of the trainer, or supervisor in the scientific and creative activities of the student aimed at creating a bachelor's thesis.
2. Approximation of the main characteristics of the work - choice of topic, information about the aims and meaning of the work, domestic and foreign context, analysis and synthesis of knowledge, summarization of existing professional and scientific literature, work methodology and research methodology, work procedures, structuring the final work, ethics and technology citations, applicability of specific research results, logical arrangement and sufficient evaluation in confrontation with the results of other authors.
3. Characteristics of selected problems on the topic of the bachelor's thesis, analysis of the current legal status or state of knowledge in a particular area.
4. Preparation of the presentation of the results of own research activities.
5. Discussion.
6. Elaboration of bachelor thesis.
7. Discussion within the defense of the bachelor thesis.
8. The bachelor thesis is mainly focused on law in mutual relations.
0/100
The student acquires the ability to work creatively with literature and formal sources of law, with a particular focus on international law. The student is capable of critically analysing professional and scientific literature and legal texts, forming their own conclusions and starting points within the field of law, including interdisciplinary and comparative contexts, and is able to formulate them in writing and defend them orally.
The final bachelor’s thesis must be assigned in such a way that, through its preparation and defence, the student demonstrates that:
1. they have the ability to collect and interpret relevant data (facts) (usually within the field of study) and make informed decisions that also take into account social, scientific, and ethical aspects,
2. they are able to communicate information, concepts, problems, and solutions to both professional and lay audiences.
Through the bachelor’s thesis, the student must demonstrate:
1. the ability to work creatively within the field of study in which they completed their study programme,
2. an adequate level of knowledge of the subject matter and the ability to apply their skills in collecting, interpreting, and processing basic professional literature; this may also involve its practical application or solving a partial task related to the student’s future specialization. If hypotheses are presented in the thesis, they must be verifiable.
Literature listed in the Information Sheets for Profile Subjects.
Final evaluation: oral exam (100%)
Classification scale: A / 1 = 91 - 100%; B / 1.5 = 81 - 90%; C / 2 = 73 - 80%; D / 2.5 = 66 - 72%; E / 3 = 60 - 65%; FX = 0 - 59%.
The subject is tested using uncommented legal regulations.
English
1. Theoretical and Methodological Foundations of Law
• Law as a social phenomenon: functions, principles and values of law
• Legal norms, sources of law and interpretation of law
• Legal reasoning and application of law
• Relationship between law and society (sociology of law)
• Ethical standards in legal professions
• State theory and basic concepts of constitutionalism
• Comparative legal systems and legal cultures
• Historical and cultural context of legal development
II. Historical Foundations of Private Law
• Roman law as the foundation of European private law
• Development of legal institutions (property, obligations, family and inheritance)
• Reception of Roman law and its influence on modern legal systems
• Historical evolution of private law in a comparative perspective
III. European Union Law
• Nature, sources and structure of European Union law
• Primary and secondary law of the EU
• Relationship between EU law and national legal systems
• Institutional framework of the EU and distribution of competences
• Decision-making processes in the EU
• Judicial system of the EU and enforcement of EU law
• Internal market and fundamental freedoms
• Approximation of laws and EU accession process
• EU regional cooperation and cohesion policy
IV. Public International Law
• Nature, sources and principles of public international law
• Subjects of international law and state responsibility
• International treaties and treaty law
• Law of international organisations
• Sovereignty, territory and jurisdiction
• Diplomatic and consular law
• International security and use of force
• Peaceful settlement of international disputes
V. Human Rights and Migration Law
• International and regional systems of human rights protection
• Substantive and procedural aspects of human rights
• Protection of individuals in international law
• Immigration and asylum law
• Refugee protection and non-refoulement principle
VI. International and Commercial Law
• Foundations of private international law
• Conflict of laws and jurisdiction in cross-border relations
• International commercial transactions
• Legal regulation of international trade
• International commercial arbitration and dispute resolution
VII. Private Law in Comparative Perspective
• Property law and inheritance law in comparative context
• Law of obligations (contracts and liability) in comparative perspective
• Family law in comparative perspective
• Harmonisation and unification of private law
VIII. Economic and Business Law
• Company law and corporate governance in the EU context
• Financial law and regulation of public finances
• Economic competition law (EU competition rules and principles)
• Sector-specific regulation (including sport law)
IX. Procedural Law
• Civil procedure in comparative perspective
• Criminal procedure in comparative perspective
• Access to justice and procedural guarantees
X. Administrative Law in the European Context
• Principles of European administrative law
• Administrative procedure and good administration
• Judicial review of administrative action
XI. Specialised and Emerging Areas of Law
• Intellectual property law
• Digital rights and protection of personal data
• Regulation of virtual assets
• Information technology law and emerging legal challenges
0/100
The student has interdisciplinary knowledge especially in the field of private and commercial international law, European Union law and other legal branches in a comparative context (as outlined in this information sheet).
To pass each state examination (part/subject of the state examination), the student must also demonstrate that
1. they can apply their knowledge and understanding in a manner that demonstrates a professional approach to their work or profession and possess competencies typically demonstrated through the presentation and defense of arguments and problem-solving within their field of study,
2. possesses the advanced learning skills necessary to pursue further study with a high degree of independence.
1. Brian Bix. Jurisprudence: Theory and Context. Published by: Sweet & Maxwell. 9th Edition. 2023.
2. Schubert Frank A. Introduction to Law and the Legal System. Published by: Cengage Learning. 2020.
3. Routledge Handbook of Law and Theory. Edited By Andreas Philippopoulos-Mihalopoulos. Copyright.1st Edition. 2019.
4. María José Falcon y Tella. A Three-Dimensional Theory of Law.2010.
Continuous assessment (40%) includes:
• active participation in seminars and class discussions;
• short written assignments and tests assessing basic theoretical knowledge;
• completion of practical tasks focused on understanding legal concepts;
• participation in guided discussions and analysis of simple legal situations.
Final assessment (60%) includes:
• an oral examination covering fundamental theoretical concepts;
• basic analysis of legal norms and simple case scenarios.
Assessment focuses on the student’s ability to understand and explain key legal concepts, use basic legal terminology, and demonstrate foundational knowledge of the theory of law.
Classification scale: A/1 = 91 – 100 %; B/1,5 = 81 – 90 %; C/2 = 73 – 80 %; D/2,5 = 66 – 72
%; E/3 = 60 – 65 %; FX = 0 – 59 %.
English
1. Theory of Law as a Science and Scientific Discipline.
2. Legal understanding: basic approaches.
3. Law: the fundamental characteristics.
4. Principles of Law.
5. Human Rights as a source of Law.
6. Sources of Law (the Law, By-laws, Contract law, Legal doctrine, Court practice etc.).
7. Constitution as a source of Law.
8. Legal Norm: concept, signs classification and criteria.
9. System of Law.
10. Systematization of Law. Systematization of Legislation.
11. Legal System and its Types.
12. Implementation and Application of Law.
13. Legal Consciousness and Legal Culture.
40/60
After completing the course, students will be able to:
• define the basic concepts of the theory of law;
• explain the structure of the legal system;
• analyze legal relations and legal norms;
• distinguish between different models of the rule of law and the Rechtsstaat;
• apply legal theory in practical contexts.
1. Brian Bix. Jurisprudence: Theory and Context. Published by: Sweet & Maxwell. 9th Edition. 2023.
2. Schubert Frank A. Introduction to Law and the Legal System. Published by: Cengage Learning. 2020.
3. Routledge Handbook of Law and Theory. Edited By Andreas Philippopoulos-Mihalopoulos. Copyright.1st Edition. 2019.
4. María José Falcon y Tella. A Three-Dimensional Theory of Law.2010.
Continuous assessment (40%) includes:
• active participation in seminars and problem-based discussions;
• solving case studies and practical legal problems;
• preparation and presentation of legal analyses;
• written assignments (analytical essays or research-based papers);
• midterm tests assessing both theoretical knowledge and its application.
Final assessment (60%) includes:
• an oral examination consisting of theoretical and problem-oriented questions;
• analysis and resolution of complex model legal cases.
Assessment focuses on the student’s ability to apply legal theory, engage in critical legal reasoning, analyze legal phenomena, and independently solve legal problems.
Classification scale: A/1 = 91 – 100 %; B/1,5 = 81 – 90 %; C/2 = 73 – 80 %; D/2,5 = 66 – 72
%; E/3 = 60 – 65 %; FX = 0 – 59 %.
English
1. Interpretation of Law.
2. Law in the system of social regulation.
3. Legal Relations.
4. Lawful Behavior, Offences, and Legal Liability.
5. The Concept and Characteristics of the Modern State.
6. Public Authority.
7. Form and Substance of the State.
8. The Mechanism of the State.
9. The Functions of the State.
10. Legal Order and Its Levels (International, National, and Supranational Legal Orders).
11. Law and the State in the Context of Globalization: Key Challenges and Development Trends.
12. Rule of Law and the Rechtsstaat: A Consolidated Understanding.
13. The Social State: Concept, Objectives, and the Essence of the Principle.
40/60
After completing the course, students will be able to:
• understand and explain the key concepts of legal theory and the system of social regulation;
• analyze legal relations, legal norms, and their role in regulating social processes;
• distinguish between lawful behavior, offences, and types of legal liability;
• identify and characterize the essential features of the modern state and public authority;
• analyze the form, functions, and mechanism of the state;
• understand the structure and levels of the legal order (international, national, and supranational);
• evaluate the impact of globalization on law and the state, including current challenges and development trends;
• distinguish between the concepts of the Rule of Law and the Rechtsstaat and assess their significance in modern legal systems;
• apply theoretical legal knowledge to practical situations, including legal analysis and problem-solving.
1. Bekh, O., & Dingley, J. (2010). Teach Yourself Ukrainian. McGraw-Hill.
2. Blikhar, V. S., Tsymbalyuk, M. M., Haivoroniuk, N. V., Levkulych, V. V., Shandra, B. B., Svyshcho, V. Yu. (2021). Philosophy: Textbook (2nd ed., revised and supplemented). Uzhhorod: UzhNU “Hoverla”.
3. Held, D. (2006). Models of Democracy. Stanford University Press.
4. Kenny, A. (2010). A New History of Western Philosophy. Oxford University Press.
5. Kymlicka, W. (2002). Contemporary Political Philosophy: An Introduction. Oxford University Press.
6. Magocsi, P. R. (2010). A History of Ukraine: The Land and Its Peoples. University of Toronto Press.
7. Plokhy, S. (2015). The Gates of Europe: A History of Ukraine. Basic Books.
8. Sen, A. (2009). The Idea of Justice. Harvard University Press.
9. Russell, B. (2002). A History of Western Philosophy. London: George Allen & Unwin Ltd.
Midterm assessment (40%): Active participation in seminars, completion of short written assignments, presentations on assigned topics, and passing ongoing tests.
Final assessment (60%): Oral examination consisting of theoretical questions and discussion-based analysis of selected civic, cultural, and philosophical issues.
Classification scale: A/1 = 91 – 100 %; B/1,5 = 81 – 90 %; C/2 = 73 – 80 %; D/2,5 = 66 – 72%; E/3 = 60 – 65 %; FX = 0 – 59 %.
The course is examined using uncommmented legislation.
English
1: Civic Education and the Role of Philosophy in Modern Society.
2: Philosophical Concepts of Society, State, and Citizenship.
3: The Philosophy of History: Ukrainian Statehood from Kyivan Rus' to Galicia-Volhynia.
4: National Identity and Civic Virtue: The Cossack Era and the Hetmanate.
5: Philosophical Reflections on Modernity: Ukraine in the 19th–20th Centuries.
6: Independence and Civil Society: Philosophical Perspectives on Contemporary Ukraine.
7: Ukrainian Culture: Traditions, Literature, and the Arts in a European Context.
8: Introduction to the Ukrainian Language: The Cyrillic Alphabet and Phonetics.
9: Basic Ukrainian Communication for Civic Engagement (Greetings, Introductions, Everyday Vocabulary)
10: Ukrainian Language: Grammar and Expression in Civic Context.
11: Philosophical Foundations of Human Rights and the Rule of Law.
12: Intercultural Dialogue: Ukraine's Integration into the European Community.
13: Synthesis: Civic Education through History, Philosophy, Culture, and Language.
40/60
Knowledge:
- knowledge of the main stages of Ukrainian history and statehood development;
- understanding of Ukrainian culture in the European context;
- knowledge of key philosophical concepts related to civil society, the state, citizenship, human rights, and justice;
- basic knowledge of the Ukrainian language (alphabet, phonetics, grammar, vocabulary).
Skills:
- ability to analyze historical, cultural, and social processes in Ukraine;
- ability to apply philosophical reasoning to civic issues;
- basic communication skills in Ukrainian, including functional expressions for civic engagement;
- ability to interpret cultural texts and engage in academic discussion.
Responsibility and autonomy:
- ability to conduct independent learning and research on topics related to Ukrainian society, history, and culture;
- development of intercultural competence and respect for diversity;
- ability to participate responsibly in discussions on civic values, democratic principles, and human rights;
- ability for critical thinking, reflection, and synthesis of knowledge from history, philosophy, culture, and language
Sartori, G.: The Theory of Democracy Revisited, Chatham House Publishers, 1987
Issacharoff, S., Karlan, P., Pildes, R.: The Law of Democracy: Legal Structure of the Political Process, Foundation Press, 2012
Popper, K.: The Open Society and Its Enemies, Princeton University Press, 2013
Savchyn, M.: Contemporary Constitutionalism, Yurinkom Inter, 2018
Habermas, J.: Between Facts and Norms: Contributions to a Discourse Theory of Law and Democracy, MIT Press, 1996
Grimm, D.: Constitutionalism: Past, Present, and Future, Oxford University Press, 2016
Tushnet, M.: Advanced Introduction to Comparative Constitutional Law, Edward Elgar Publishing, 2018
Ginsburg, T., Huq, A.Z.: How to Save a Constitutional Democracy, University of Chicago Press, 2018
Midterm assessment: solving cases, preparing legal analyses and presenting them, active participation in discussions, papers on assigned topics, passed tests (40%)
Final assessment: oral exam (60%) in the form of a combination of theoretical questions and solving model cases using legal norms.
Classification scale: A/1 = 91 – 100 %; B/1,5 = 81 – 90 %; C/2 = 73 – 80 %; D/2,5 = 66 – 72
%; E/3 = 60 – 65 %; FX = 0 – 59 %.
The course is examined using uncommmented legislation.
English
1: Introduction to Comparative Law: Definition, Nature, and Methodology.
2: The Historical Development of Legal Systems and the Concept of Legal Families.
3: The Romano-Germanic (Civil Law) Legal Tradition: Historical Origins and Roman Law Foundations.
4: Sources of Law and the Role of Codification in Civil Law Systems.
5: The Anglo-American (Common Law) Legal Tradition: Historical Evolution in England.
6: The Doctrine of Judicial Precedent (Stare Decisis) and the Structure of Common Law.
7: Comparative Judicial Systems: The Role of Judges in Civil Law vs. Common Law.
8: Religious and Traditional Legal Systems (Overview of Islamic, Hindu, and Customary Law).
9: Mixed Legal Systems: Historical Context and Modern Functioning (e.g., Scotland, Louisiana, South Africa).
10: Introduction to International Legal Systems: Public International Law and National Frameworks.
11: The Influence of European Law on National Legal Systems (Convergence of Systems).
12: Transnational Law and the Globalization of Legal Traditions.
13: Summary, Case Studies Analysis, and Review of Legal Paradigms.
40/60
a) Knowledge: Students will be able to demonstrate knowledge of the historical evolution of major global legal families (Civil Law, Common Law, Religious Law, Mixed Systems); understand the primary sources of law within different international legal systems; explain the foundational concepts of comparative legal methodology.
b) Skills: Students will be able to compare legal rules, institutions, and procedural mechanisms across different legal traditions; analyze historical legal texts and doctrines to understand contemporary legal systems; apply comparative methods to evaluate how different systems approach similar legal problems.
c) Responsibility and Autonomy: Students will be able to conduct independent legal research using international legal doctrine; critically evaluate the convergence and divergence of legal systems in a globalized world; formulate independent arguments regarding the evolution of legal traditions.
1. Duquet, S., Wouters, J.: Diplomatic and Consular Relations, The Oxford Handbook of United
2. Nations Treaties, Oxford Handbooks (2019; online edn, Oxford Academic)
3. Charles Chatterjee.: International Law and Diplomacy: London, 2013
Midterm assessment: solving cases, preparing legal analyses and presenting them, active participation in discussions, papers on assigned topics, passed tests (40%)
Final assessment: oral exam (60%) in the form of a combination of theoretical questions and solving model cases using legal norms.
Classification scale: A/1 = 91 – 100 %; B/1,5 = 81 – 90 %; C/2 = 73 – 80 %; D/2,5 = 66 – 72
%; E/3 = 60 – 65 %; FX = 0 – 59 %.
The course is examined using uncommmented legislation.
English
1.Diplomatic and Consular Law: Evolution and General Overview
Historical development of diplomatic and consular law
Sources of diplomatic and consular law
Basic principles of diplomatic and consular relations
Distinction between diplomatic law and consular law
2. Bodies of External Relations of States (Central and Foreign Bodies)
Head of State, Head of Government, and Minister for Foreign Affairs in external relations
Ministry of Foreign Affairs: structure and functions
Diplomatic missions as foreign bodies of external relations
Consular institutions as foreign bodies of external relations
3. Law of Permanent Diplomatic Missions: Establishment, Functions, and Structure
Establishment of diplomatic relations and missions
Appointment and accreditation of diplomatic agents
Functions of permanent diplomatic missions
Structure and staff of diplomatic missions
4. Diplomatic Privileges and Immunities of Permanent Missions and Their Staff
Privileges and immunities of diplomatic missions
Personal inviolability of diplomatic agents
Immunity from criminal, civil, and administrative jurisdiction
Waiver and limits of diplomatic immunity
5. Law of Special Missions (Ad Hoc Diplomacy)
Concept and legal basis of special missions
Establishment and termination of special missions
Functions of special missions
Privileges and immunities of special missions and their staff
6. Diplomatic Law of International Organizations
Representation of states in international organizations
Permanent missions to international organizations
Privileges and immunities in the framework of international organizations
Role of international organizations in contemporary diplomacy
7. Trade and Economic Missions and Other Specialized Forms of Diplomacy
Trade and economic diplomacy
Cultural diplomacy
Public diplomacy
Specialized diplomatic functions and missions
8. Diplomatic Negotiations and International Conferences as Forms of Diplomatic Practice
Concept and types of diplomatic negotiations
Stages of diplomatic negotiations
International conferences: concept and functions
Role of negotiations and conferences in treaty-making
9. Consular Law: Evolution, System, and Establishment of Consular Relations
Historical development of consular law
Sources of consular law
Establishment of consular relations
Establishment of consular posts and classes of consular institutions
10. Consular Functions, Privileges, and Immunities
Main consular functions
Privileges and immunities of consular posts
Privileges and immunities of consular officers
Differences between diplomatic and consular privileges and immunities
11. Diplomatic Protocol and Etiquette
Concept and role of diplomatic protocol
Rules of precedence
Official visits and ceremonies
Diplomatic correspondence and formal communication
12. Internal Activities of Diplomatic Missions and Consular Institutions
Administrative work of diplomatic missions and consular institutions
Documentation and record-keeping
Communication with the sending state
Security and confidentiality in diplomatic and consular work
13. European Union External Relations Law and Contemporary Challenges in Diplomacy
Legal framework of the EU’s external relations
EU institutions in external relations
Common Foreign and Security Policy
Contemporary challenges in diplomacy.
40/60
a) Knowledge: students will be able to:
demonstrate knowledge of the fundamental principles of Diplomatic and Consular Law;
explain the legal framework governing diplomatic and consular relations;
describe the role and functions of diplomatic and consular missions within the system of
International Law.
b) Skills: students will be able to:
analyze legal norms and international conventions related to Diplomatic and Consular Law;
apply legal principles to practical situations involving diplomatic and consular activities;
assess the interaction between Diplomatic and Consular Law and other branches of International
Law.
c) Responsibility and Autonomy: students will be able to:
conduct independent research using international legal sources and academic literature;
critically evaluate contemporary issues and developments in Diplomatic and Consular Law;
formulate reasoned legal opinions on matters related to diplomatic and consular practice.
Evans M. : International Law, Oxford University Press, 2nd ed., (2006) Gleider Hernández, International Law, 2nd ed., (2022)
United Nations. International Law Handbook: Collection of Instruments. New York: United Nations, 2017.
González Hauck S., Kunz R., Milas M. (eds.) Public International Law: A Multi-Perspective Approach. Abingdon; New York: Routledge, 2024.22)
Midterm assessment: solving cases, preparing legal analyses and presenting them, active participation in discussions, papers on assigned topics, passed tests (40%)
Final assessment: oral exam (60%) in the form of a combination of theoretical questions and solving model cases using legal norms.
Classification scale: A/1 = 91 – 100 %; B/1,5 = 81 – 90 %; C/2 = 73 – 80 %; D/2,5 = 66 – 72
%; E/3 = 60 – 65 %; FX = 0 – 59 %.
The course is examined using uncommmented legislation.
English
1. Introduction to Public International Law
Definition and nature of public international law
Functions of international law
Historical development
System and structure of international law
Basic principles of international law
2. Sources of Public International Law
Article 38 ICJ Statute
Treaties as sources of law
Customary international law
General principles of law
Judicial decisions and doctrine
3. Relationship between Public International Law and Domestic Law
Monism and dualism
Incorporation of international law into domestic systems
Supremacy of international law
Practice of states
Conflicts between international and national law
4. Subjects and actors of Public International Law
States as primary subjects
International organizations
Individuals in international law
Recognition of states and governments
Individuals
5. State Responsibility
Concept and elements of state responsibility
Attribution of conduct
Breach of international obligations
Circumstances precluding wrongfulness
Forms of reparation
6. Nationality
Concept and legal significance of nationality
Acquisition and loss of nationality
Statelessness
Multiple nationality
Protection of nationals abroad
7. Law of Extradition
Concept and legal basis of extradition
Conditions for extradition
Extraditable offences
Principle of double criminality
Grounds for refusal
8. Asylum in Public International Law
Concept of asylum
Territorial and diplomatic asylum
Refugee status and protection
Non-refoulement principle
International protection mechanisms
9. State Jurisdiction
Territorial jurisdiction
Personal jurisdiction (nationality principle)
Universal jurisdiction
Extraterritorial jurisdiction
Limits of jurisdiction
10. Immunities
State immunity
Diplomatic immunity
Consular immunity
Immunity of international organizations
Exceptions to immunity
11. Law of Treaties
Definition and sources (Vienna Convention 1969)
Conclusion of treaties
Interpretation of treaties
Reservations
Termination and suspension
12. Law of Armed Conflict (International Humanitarian Law)
Classification of armed conflicts
Fundamental principles (distinction, proportionality)
Protection of civilians
Means and methods of warfare
War crimes
13. Law of the Sea
Legal status of maritime zones
Territorial sea and EEZ
Continental shelf
High seas regime
Dispute settlement under UNCLOS
40/60
a) Knowledge: students will be able to:
demonstrate knowledge of the concept, nature, system, and sources of Public International Law;
explain the basic principles and institutions of international law;
describe the law of international treaties and international legal responsibility of states and international organizations;
understand mechanisms of peaceful settlement of international disputes;
identify key branches of international law and their regulation of interstate relations.
b) Skills: students will be able to:
apply norms of Public International Law to practical legal situations;
analyze international legal acts, treaties, and case law;
identify legal issues in international relations and propose solutions;
interpret rules of international law in the context of real cases;
use international legal sources in professional legal activity.
c) Responsibility and Autonomy: students will be able to:
conduct independent research using international legal sources;
critically evaluate international legal developments and disputes;
formulate reasoned legal arguments in the field of international law;
demonstrate adherence to the principles of international law in professional activity.
1. Arlow, Carol, Leino, Päivi, Della Cananea, Giacinto (ed.), Research handbook on EU administrative law, Chelteham ; Northampton : Edward Elgar, 2017, Research handbooks in European law series
2. Börzel, T. A., & Heidbreder, E. G. (2017). Enforcement and compliance. In Research Handbook on EU Administrative Law (pp. 241–262).
3. Craig, P.: EU Administrative Law, Published to Oxford Scholarship Online: March 2012
4. Curtin, Deirdre M. and Curtin, Deirdre M. and Hofmann, Herwig C.H. and Mendes, Joana, Book II - Administrative Rulemaking (2014). ReNEUAL Model Rules on EU Administrative Procedure Book II – Administrative Rulemaking, 2014.
5. Giacinto Della Cananea, Leonardo Parona, Administrative Procedure Acts in Europe: An Emerging “Common Core”?, The American Journal of Comparative Law, Volume 72, Issue 2, Summer 2024, Pages 324–379
6. Hofmann, Herwig C.H., Alexander H. Türk: Administrative Law of the European Union. Oxford University Press, 2006.
7. Hofmann, Herwig C.H., Assessing Cyber-Delegation in European Union Public Law (September 4, 2023). University of Luxembourg Law Research Paper No. 2023-07.
8. Mir Puigpelat, Oriol, Algorithms, Automation and Administrative Procedure at EU Level (September 4, 2023). University of Luxembourg Law Research Paper No. 2023-08
9. Ruffert, M. (Ed.): The model rules on EU administrative procedures, Europa Law Publishing: April 2016
10. Vrabie, Mihaela, Judicial Review of Administrative Action at National Level under the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights and General Principles of EU Law (September 4, 2019). Central European Public Administration Review, May, 1/2020.
Midterm assessment: solving cases, preparing legal analyses and presenting them, active participation in discussions, papers on assigned topics, passed tests (40%)
Final assessment: oral exam (60%) in the form of a combination of theoretical questions and solving model cases using legal norms.
Classification scale: A / 1 = 91 - 100%; B / 1.5 = 81 - 90%; C / 2 = 73 - 80%; D / 2.5 = 66-72%;
E / 3 = 60 - 65%; FX = 0 - 59%.
The subject is tested using the uncommented legal regulations
English
1: Basic concepts of administrative procedure: Nature, functions, and legal definitions.
2: Codification of administrative procedural legislation: General vs. Special regulations.
3: Fundamental principles of administrative procedure (Legality, Equality, Impartiality).
4: European standards of "Good Administration": Openness and transparency as core principles.
5: General characteristics and types of administrative proceedings.
6: Initiation of administrative proceedings: Application, notification, and representation.
7: Fact-finding and evidence in administrative cases: The burden of proof and administrative investigation.
8: Consideration and resolution of the case: The right to be heard and the decision-making process.
9: The Administrative Act: Concept, forms, and mandatory content requirements.
10: Legal force of administrative acts: Validity, effectiveness, and the presumption of legality.
11: Execution and enforcement of administrative acts: Mandatory measures and legal constraints.
12: Administrative appeal: Internal review mechanisms and protection of citizens' rights.
13: Digitalization of administrative procedures: E-governance, digital signatures, and automated decision-making.
40/60
a) Knowledge: students will be able to demonstrate knowledge of the fundamental concepts, functions, and legal nature of administrative procedure, explain the system of codification of administrative procedural legislation, identify and describe the core principles of administrative procedure, explain European standards of good administration, particularly transparency and openness, understand the stages of administrative procedure, define the concept, forms, and legal requirements of administrative acts, explain mechanisms of administrative appeal and the impact of digitalization on administrative procedures.
b) Skills: students will be able to analyze administrative procedural rules and principles within European legal frameworks, interpret legal provisions related to administrative procedure and administrative acts, apply principles of good administration to practical legal situations, evaluate the legality and effectiveness of administrative decisions and their enforcement, use legal reasoning to address issues related to administrative proceedings and citizens’ rights, apply digital tools in modern administrative processes.
c) Responsibility and Autonomy: students will be able to critically evaluate administrative practices and reforms in light of European standards of good administration, assess the balance between public authority and individual rights in administrative decision-making, demonstrate responsibility in applying procedural principles to ensure fairness, transparency, and accountability, adapt to evolving legal frameworks.
Henckaerts, J. M., & Doswald-Beck, L. (2005). Customary International Humanitarian Law. Cambridge University Press.
Cassese, A., & Gaeta, P. (2013). Cassese's International Criminal Law. Oxford University Press.
Werle, G., & Jessberger, F. (2020). Principles of International Criminal Law. Oxford University Press.
Cryer, R., Robinson, D., & Vasiliev, S. (2019). An Introduction to International Criminal Law and Procedure. Cambridge University Press.
Midterm assessment: solving cases, preparing legal analyses and presenting them, active participation in discussions, papers on assigned topics, passed tests (40%)
Final assessment: oral exam (60%) in the form of a combination of theoretical questions and solving model cases using legal norms.
Classification scale: A/1 = 91 – 100 %; B/1,5 = 81 – 90 %; C/2 = 73 – 80 %; D/2,5 = 66 – 72 %; E/3 = 60 – 65 %; FX = 0 – 59 %.
The course is examined using uncommmented legislation.
English
1. Introduction to International Humanitarian Law (IHL): Origins, Sources, and Fundamental Principles
Historical development of IHL
Sources of IHL (treaties and customary law)
Fundamental principles (humanity, distinction, proportionality, military necessity)
Scope of application of IHL
Relationship between IHL and international human rights law
2. Classification of Armed Conflicts: Legal Criteria and Contemporary Challenges
International armed conflicts (IAC): definition and criteria
Non-international armed conflicts (NIAC): definition and thresholds (Common Article 3, AP II)
Legal consequences of classification
Internationalized armed conflicts
Contemporary challenges (non-state actors, fragmented conflicts)
3. Protection of the Wounded, Sick, and Shipwrecked (Geneva Conventions I and II)
Scope of application of GC I and II
Protection of wounded and sick on land
Protection of wounded, sick, and shipwrecked at sea
Protection of medical personnel, units, and transports
Distinctive emblems (Red Cross, Red Crescent, Red Crystal)
4. Status and Treatment of Prisoners of War (Geneva Convention III)
Definition and categories of prisoners of war (Art. 4 GC III)
Conditions of detention and treatment
Judicial guarantees
Discipline and sanctions
Release and repatriation
5. Protection of Civilians in Time of War and the Law of Occupation (Geneva Convention IV)
Definition of protected persons
General protection of civilians
Occupation: definition and legal framework (Hague Regulations + GC IV)
Rights and duties of the occupying power
Prohibited acts (collective punishment, forcible transfer, deportation)
6. Means and Methods of Warfare: Prohibited Weapons and Core Principles
Principle of distinction
Principle of proportionality
Principle of precautions in attack
Prohibited and restricted weapons (chemical, biological, certain conventional weapons)
Unlawful methods of warfare (perfidy, denial of quarter)
Protection of civilian objects
7. Implementation of IHL: The Role of the ICRC and State Responsibility
National implementation measures
Role and mandate of the ICRC
State responsibility for violations of IHL
Grave breaches regime
Duty to ensure respect for IHL
8. Introduction to International Criminal Law (ICL): From Nuremberg to the Rome Statute
Nuremberg and Tokyo Tribunals
Development of international criminal law
Adoption of the Rome Statute
Core crimes under international law
Relationship between ICL and IHL
9. General Principles of ICL: Individual Criminal Responsibility and Grounds for Excluding Liability
Individual criminal responsibility
Modes of liability
Command responsibility
Grounds for excluding criminal responsibility
10. Substantive Crimes: The Crime of Genocide and Crimes Against Humanity
Definition and elements of genocide
Protected groups and specific intent
Crimes against humanity: definition and elements
Contextual elements (widespread or systematic attack)
Basic jurisprudence (ICC, ICTY, ICTR)
11. Substantive Crimes: War Crimes and the Crime of Aggression
War crimes in IAC and NIAC (Art. 8 Rome Statute)
Elements of war crimes
Crime of aggression
Jurisdictional regime for aggression
Contemporary challenges in prosecution
12. The International Criminal Court (ICC): Jurisdiction, Admissibility and Procedure
Jurisdiction of the ICC
Complementarity and admissibility
Structure of the Court
Stages of proceedings
Rights of the accused and victims
13. International Criminal Justice Beyond the ICC: Ad Hoc Tribunals and National Jurisdiction
Ad hoc tribunals (ICTY, ICTR): establishment and jurisdiction
Residual mechanisms (IRMCT)
National prosecution of international crimes
Universal jurisdiction
Challenges of accountability for the crime of aggression in contemporary international law
40/60
a) Knowledge: students will be able to:
distinguish between international and non-international armed conflicts;
identify categories of protected persons under the Geneva Conventions;
explain the elements of core international crimes (genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, aggression);
describe the jurisdiction, structure, and functioning of the International Criminal Court (ICC).
b) Skills: students will be able to:
apply rules of international humanitarian law (IHL) to specific factual scenarios;
assess the legality of means and methods of warfare;
identify modes of individual criminal responsibility, including command responsibility;
analyze and interpret international criminal jurisprudence.
c) Responsibility and Autonomy: students will be able to:
independently evaluate contemporary armed conflicts from the perspective of international law;
formulate legal arguments regarding the prosecution of international crimes;
conduct independent legal research using international sources and case law;
demonstrate adherence to the principles of international humanitarian law and the rule of law in crisis situations.
Wouters, Jan, and others, The Law of EU External Relations: Cases, Materials, and Commentary on the EU as an International Legal Actor, 3rd edn (Oxford, 2021; online edn, Oxford Academic, 19 Aug. 2021), https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198869481.001.0001
European Commission: Enlargement Policy. URL: https://enlargement.ec.europa.eu/enlargement-policy_en
Directorate-General for Neighbourhood and Enlargement Negotiations: European Commission Opinions on the EU Membership applications, 2022. URL: https://enlargement.ec.europa.eu/factsheet-european-commission-opinions-eu-membership-applications_en
European Commission: Enhanced EU engagement with the Western Balkans. URL: https://enlargement.ec.europa.eu/enlargement-policy/enhanced-eu-engagement-western-balkans_en
EU – Türkiye Relations. URL: https://enlargement.ec.europa.eu/enlargement-policy/turkiye_en
EU – Georgia Relations. URL: https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/memo_09_184
EU - Moldova Relations. URL: https://enlargement.ec.europa.eu/european-neighbourhood-policy/countries-region/moldova_en
EU-Ukraine relations. URL: https://enlargement.ec.europa.eu/countries/ukraine_en
Assessment is based on a combination of continuous evaluation and a final examination.
Continuous assessment (40%) includes solving case studies, preparation of legal analyses and presentations, active participation in seminar discussions, written assignments on assigned topics, and successful completion of interim tests.
Final assessment (60%) consists of an oral examination combining theoretical questions with the solution of model legal cases using relevant legal norms.
Students are required to demonstrate the ability to interpret EU legal provisions and apply them to practical legal situations without the use of legal commentaries.
Classification scale: A / 1 = 91 - 100%; B / 1.5 = 81 - 90%; C / 2 = 73 - 80%; D / 2.5 = 66-72%;
E / 3 = 60 - 65%; FX = 0 - 59%.
The subject is tested using the uncommented legal regulations.
English
1. Legal nature of the European Union and the system of EU competences
2. External relations of the European Union with third countries
3. Association agreements as legal instruments of integration with the EU
4. Concept, principles, and forms of approximation of national legislation to EU law
5. Structure of the acquis and negotiation chapters of EU law
6. Institutional coordination of legislative approximation to EU law
7. Normative legal mechanisms of approximation to EU law (transposition of directives, implementation of regulations, legislative adaptation)
8. Procedural mechanisms for implementation of EU law in national legal systems
9. Monitoring mechanisms of approximation to EU law and assessment of compliance with the acquis
10. EU enlargement policy and accession criteria (Copenhagen criteria)
11. Screening process in EU accession negotiations
12. Sectoral approximation to EU law (internal market, competition policy, rule of law etc)
13. Approximation of legislation in EU candidate countries
40/60
Knowledge: Upon completion of the course, students should know the legal nature of the European Union and the system of its competences, the legal framework governing the European Union’s external relations with third countries, the legal structure and functions of association agreements as instruments of integration with the European Union, the concept, principles, and mechanisms of approximation of national legislation to EU law, the structure of the acquis and accession negotiation chapters, the accession criteria of the European Union and the main features of EU enlargement policy, the screening process in accession negotiations, as well as institutional, regulatory, and procedural mechanisms for the implementation of EU law in national legal systems and the main approaches to sectoral approximation of legislation to EU standards.
Skills: Upon completion of the course, students should be able to analyse legal obligations arising from association agreements with the European Union, work with primary and secondary sources of EU law, assess the compliance of national legislation with the acquis communautaire, apply comparative approaches to analysing legislative approximation processes in EU candidate countries, identify legal challenges related to the implementation of EU standards in national legal systems, and analyse monitoring mechanisms of legislative approximation processes.
Responsibility and autonomy: Upon completion of the course, students should be able to work independently with EU legal acts, formulate reasoned legal conclusions regarding legislative approximation processes, assess the effectiveness of reforms in EU candidate countries, conduct independent legal analysis of the adaptation of national legislation to EU standards, and apply the acquired knowledge in academic and professional activities related to European integration processes.
1. Menzhul Maria Vasylivna. Comparative family law: a textbook. / M. V. Menzhul. – Uzhgorod: RIK-U, 2021. – 296 p.
2. Electronic repository of the State Higher Educational Institution "UzhNU":
https://dspace.uzhnu.edu.ua/jspui/handle/lib/40329
Midterm assessment: solving cases, preparing legal analyses and presenting them, active participation in discussions, papers on assigned topics, passed tests (40%)
Final assessment: oral exam (60%) in the form of a combination of theoretical questions and solving model cases using legal norms.
Classification scale: A/1 = 91 – 100 %; B/1,5 = 81 – 90 %; C/2 = 73 – 80 %; D/2,5 = 66 – 72
%; E/3 = 60 – 65 %; FX = 0 – 59 %.
The course is examined using uncommmented legislation.
English
1: Concept and subject of comparative family law.
2: Principles of family law in modern legal systems.
3: Sources of family law of Ukraine and the states of Eastern Europe.
4: Sources of family law of the states of Western Europe.
5: Sources of family law in Southern Europe.
6: Sources of family law in the Nordic countries.
7: The institution of marriage: a comparative aspect (Conditions, forms, and registration).
8: The institution of marriage: a comparative aspect (Dissolution of marriage and its legal consequences).
9: Personal non-property relations of spouses under the legislation of Ukraine and foreign countries.
10: Property relations of spouses (marital property regimes) in comparative perspective.
11: Determining the origin of a child (establishment of maternity and paternity) in different legal systems.
12: Personal non-property and property relations of parents and children (parental rights, responsibilities, and maintenance).
13: Forms of placement of children without parental care (Adoption, foster care, guardianship).
40/60
Knowledge:
Acquire a deep theoretical understanding of the legal regulation of family relations across various national jurisdictions and legal traditions (e.g., Civil Law, Common Law).
Understand the fundamental principles governing key family law institutions worldwide, including marriage, divorce, property division, child custody, and adoption.
Gain comprehensive knowledge of international legal instruments, treaties (such as the Hague Conventions), and standards that regulate cross-border family disputes.
Skills:
Develop practical skills to conduct comprehensive comparative analysis of legal norms, statutes, and judicial precedents from different countries.
Master the ability to identify conflicts of law and correctly apply relevant foreign or international legal standards to solve complex, cross-border family cases.
Enhance legal reasoning, research, and analytical skills necessary to navigate the differences between various national family law systems and propose effective legal solutions.
Responsibility and Autonomy:
Cultivate a high level of professional legal culture and legal awareness, demonstrating sensitivity and ethical responsibility when handling multicultural and cross-border family issues.
Develop the capacity to work independently and take professional responsibility for decision-making in the application of international legal standards.
Demonstrate readiness to continuously improve professional competence in comparative family law and act autonomously in legal practice, consulting, or advocacy.
Sociology of Law As the Science of Norms. Taylor & Francis Group, 2023. URL: https://www.routledge.com/Sociology-of-Law-as-the-Science-of-Norms/Hyden/p/book/9781032149530
Trevino A. J. Sociology of Law: Classical and Contemporary Perspectives. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017. URL: https://www.amazon.com/Sociology-Law-Classical-Contemporary-Perspectives/dp/1412807883
Deflem Mathieu. Sociology of Law: Visions of a Scholarly Tradition. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 2008. 340 p. DOI https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511815546
Midterm assessment: solving cases, preparing legal analyses and presenting them, active participation in discussions, papers on assigned topics, passed tests (40%)
Final assessment: oral exam (60%) in the form of a combination of theoretical questions and solving model cases using legal norms.
Classification scale: A/1 = 91 – 100 %; B/1,5 = 81 – 90 %; C/2 = 73 – 80 %; D/2,5 = 66 – 72
%; E/3 = 60 – 65 %; FX = 0 – 59 %.
English
1. Sociology of law as a science.
2. The emergence and development of the sociology of law.
3. Law as a social phenomenon. Law in the social structure of society.
4. Social effectiveness of law.
5. Special sociological theories.
6. Sociological research and their specifics in law.
7. Subjects of law.
8. Social groups and communities. Social organizations and institutions.
9. Personality and behavior.
10. Legal socialization of a person
11. Social control.
12. Legal behavior of a person.
13. Concepts, theories and types of deviant behavior.
14. Legal consciousness.
15. Lawmaking.
16. Sociology of legislative activity and law enforcement.
17. Sociology of judicial activity
18. Legal conflictology.
40/60
Knowledge:
Understand the fundamental patterns regarding the genesis, dynamics, and structural evolution of legal norms within the broader system of social institutions.
Gain deep insight into the social conditioning of law, its developmental trajectories, and its profound influence on various social processes and public life.
Grasp the moral and ethical foundations that underpin lawmaking, legal interpretation, and the practical implementation of law in society.
Comprehend how law functions as a specialized social institution and its role in maintaining or transforming social order.
Skills:
Develop the ability to analyze the specific mechanisms through which law is implemented and manifested in the behavior and activities of individuals, groups, organizations, and society as a whole.
Acquire skills to critically evaluate the features of law formation and execution, identifying the gaps between "law in books" and "law in action."
Master the capacity to examine the functioning and impact of legal norms at both the individual (micro) and collective/societal (macro) levels.
Cultivate research skills to investigate how different social groups perceive, accept, or resist legal regulations.
Responsibility and Autonomy:
Cultivate a professional legal consciousness and worldview that recognizes the profound social and ethical responsibilities inherent in lawmaking and law enforcement.
Demonstrate the autonomy to independently evaluate how proposed legal changes might affect social justice, equality, and institutional dynamics.
Take professional responsibility for designing or advocating for legal solutions that are not just technically correct, but also socially responsive and ethically grounded.
1. Wouters, Jan, and others, The Law of EU External Relations: Cases, Materials, and Commentary on the EU as an International Legal Actor, 3rd edn (Oxford, 2021; online edn, Oxford Academic, 19 Aug. 2021), https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198869481.001.0001
2. Crossey, N. (2025). Borderlands of governance: Municipal perspectives on cooperation in the Saarland-Moselle region. Springer VS. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-47810-0
3. Rauhut, D., Sielker, F., & Humer, A. (Eds.). (2021). EU Cohesion Policy and Spatial Governance. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing. Retrieved Apr 2, 2026, from https://doi.org/10.4337/9781839103582
4. Medeiros, E. (Ed.). (2018). European territorial cooperation: Theoretical and empirical approaches to the process and impacts of cross-border and transnational cooperation in Europe. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74887-0
5. Medeiros, E. (Ed.). (2023). Public policies for territorial cohesion. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-26228-9
6. European Commission. (2015). 25 years of Interreg: Celebrating European territorial cooperation. https://ec.europa.eu/futurium/en/system/files/ged/interreg_25years_en.pdf
7. European Parliament. (2020). Thirty years of European territorial cooperation. European Parliamentary Research Service. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2020/659340/EPRS_BRI(2020)659340_EN.pdf
8. European Commission. (2017). Boosting growth and cohesion in EU border regions (COM(2017) 534 final). https://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/information-sources/publications/communications/2017/boosting-growth-and-cohesion-in-eu-border-regions_en
9. European Commission. (2017). Easing legal and administrative obstacles in EU border regions. https://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/information-sources/publications/studies/2017/easing-legal-and-administrative-obstacles-in-eu-border-regions_en
10. European Committee of the Regions. (2020). EGTC monitoring report. https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/1b4905f5-6fdc-11ea-a07e-01aa75ed71a1/language-en
11. European Committee of the Regions. (2024). Local and regional authorities’ access to the EU budget. https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/9640da26-a6f7-11ef-85f0-01aa75ed71a1/language-en
12. European Committee of the Regions. (2024). A just transition for all EU regions. https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/322c4b5d-a62c-11ef-85f0-01aa75ed71a1/language-en
13. European Committee of the Regions. (2024). Cohesion policy and the single market. https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/108883e3-c0c0-11ee-b164-01aa75ed71a1/language-en
14. European Committee of the Regions. (2024). State of play and future challenges of automotive regions. https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/cbfb761b-c4c5-11ee-95d9-01aa75ed71a1/language-en
15. European Committee of the Regions. (2023). Territorial impact assessment. https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/a0d57138-9afd-11ee-b164-01aa75ed71a1/language-en
16. European Committee of the Regions. (2023). The delivery system of cohesion policy now and in future. https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/9fb67955-0fe4-11ee-b12e-01aa75ed71a1/language-en
17. European Committee of the Regions. (2023). Cohesion policy benchmarks beyond GDP to better reflect well-being standard of living. https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/74837793-bca2-11ed-8912-01aa75ed71a1/language-en
18. European Committee of the Regions. (2022). The new urban mobility initiative. https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/ad8407ba-63cd-11ed-92ed-01aa75ed71a1/language-en
19. European Committee of the Regions. (2021). Cohesion as an overall value of the European Union. https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/7dc7f89f-53eb-11ec-91ac-01aa75ed71a1/language-en
20. European Commission. (2021). Application of the principles of partnership and multi-level governance in cohesion policy programming 2021–2027. https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/effcb753-a6ff-11eb-9585-01aa75ed71a1/language-en
21. Medeiros, E. (2021). Will reducing border barriers via the EU’s b-solutions lead towards greater European territorial integration? Regional Studies. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2021.1912724
22. Bachtler, J., & Mendez, C. (2021). EU cohesion policy as a driver of Europeanisation: A comparative analysis. In EU cohesion policy and Europeanisation (pp. xx–xx). Edward Elgar Publishing. https://www.elgaronline.com/edcollchap/edcoll/9781839103575/9781839103575.00013.xml
23. European Commission. (2022). Cohesion in Europe towards 2050: 8th cohesion report. https://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/information-sources/publications/communications/2022/cohesion-in-europe-towards-2050-8th-cohesion-report_en
Assessment is based on a combination of continuous evaluation and a final examination. Continuous assessment (40%) includes solving case studies, preparation of legal analyses and presentations, active participation in seminar discussions, written assignments on assigned topics, and successful completion of interim tests. Final assessment (60%) consists of an oral examination combining theoretical questions with the solution of model legal cases using relevant legal norms.
Students are required to demonstrate the ability to interpret EU legal provisions and apply them to practical legal situations without the use of legal commentaries.
Classification scale: A / 1 = 91 - 100%; B / 1.5 = 81 - 90%; C / 2 = 73 - 80%; D / 2.5 = 66-72%;
E / 3 = 60 - 65%; FX = 0 - 59%.
The course is examined using uncommmented legislation.
English
1. Concept and evolution of regional cooperation and cohesion policy of the European Union
2. Legal framework of the EU economic, social and territorial cohesion policy (Articles 174 -178 TFEU)
3. Competences of the European Union in the field of regional policy and cohesion policy
4. Principles of implementation of EU cohesion policy (subsidiarity, proportionality, partnership, additionality)
5. Institutional framework for the implementation of EU cohesion policy
6. Legal regulation of the European Structural and Investment Funds
7. Legal procedures for programming and implementation of EU cohesion policy
8. Monitoring, control and audit of the use of EU cohesion policy funds
9. Legal framework of cross-border cooperation in the EU (Interreg programmes)
10. European Grouping of Territorial Cooperation (EGTC) as a legal instrument of territorial cooperation
11. Cross-border cooperation at the external borders of the European Union
12. Legal framework for the participation of candidate countries and neighbouring countries in EU regional cooperation programmes
13. Future perspectives of regional cooperation and cohesion policy of the European Union
40/60
Knowledge: Upon completion of the course, students should know the legal framework of regional cooperation and the economic, social and territorial cohesion policy of the European Union, the system of EU competences in the field of regional policy, the principles governing the implementation of cohesion policy, the institutional framework of its implementation, the legal regulation of the European Structural and Investment Funds, the legal procedures for programming and implementation of cohesion policy instruments, mechanisms of monitoring, control and audit of the use of EU funds, the legal framework of cross-border cooperation (including Interreg programmes), the legal status of the European Grouping of Territorial Cooperation (EGTC), as well as the specific features of participation of candidate countries and neighbouring countries in EU regional cooperation programmes.
Skills: Upon completion of the course, students should be able to analyse EU legal acts in the field of cohesion policy and regional cooperation, work with regulatory documents governing the functioning of EU structural funds, assess the effectiveness of regional development programmes, apply comparative approaches to the analysis of territorial cooperation models in EU Member States, identify legal challenges related to the implementation of cohesion policy instruments and cross-border cooperation mechanisms, and analyse the participation of third countries in relevant EU programmes.
Responsibility and autonomy: Upon completion of the course, students should be able to work independently with EU legal acts and policy documents in the field of regional development, formulate reasoned legal conclusions regarding the implementation of cohesion policy mechanisms, assess the effectiveness of territorial cooperation instruments, conduct independent legal analysis of participation of states in EU programmes, and apply the acquired knowledge in academic and professional activities related to European integration and regional policy.
Aust, A. (2013). Modern Treaty Law and Practice. Cambridge University Press.
Dörr, O., & Schmalenbach, K. (Eds.). (2018). Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties: A Commentary. Springer.
Villiger, M. E. (2009). Commentary on the 1969 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.
Crawford, J. (2019). Brownlie's Principles of Public International Law. Oxford University Press.
Midterm assessment: solving cases, preparing legal analyses and presenting them, active participation in discussions, papers on assigned topics, passed tests (40%)
Final assessment: oral exam (60%) in the form of a combination of theoretical questions and solving model cases using legal norms.
Classification scale: A/1 = 91 – 100 %; B/1,5 = 81 – 90 %; C/2 = 73 – 80 %; D/2,5 = 66 – 72 %; E/3 = 60 – 65 %; FX = 0 – 59 %.
The course is examined using uncommmented legislation.
English
1. Law of Treaties as a Branch of International Law
Definition of an international treaty
Subjects of the law of treaties
Role of treaties in the international legal order
Principles of the law of treaties
Pacta sunt servanda as a fundamental principle
2. National Law and International Treaties
Interaction between international and domestic law
Constitution of Ukraine and treaties
Law of Ukraine “On International Treaties of Ukraine”
Implementation of treaties in national law
Hierarchy of treaties in domestic legal systems
3. Sources of the Law of Treaties
Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (1969)
Customary international law
Vienna Convention (1986) on treaties with international organizations
Other international agreements
Role of judicial practice
4. Codification and Progressive Development of the Law of Treaties
Concept of codification
Role of the International Law Commission
Codification of treaty law
Progressive development of international law
Interaction between codification and practice
5. Form, Structure, and Classification of Treaties
Written and oral agreements
Structure of treaties (preamble, main part, final clauses)
Annexes and their legal status
Bilateral and multilateral treaties
Inter-state, intergovernmental, inter-agency treaties
6. Treaty-Making Bodies and Representation (Full Powers)
State organs competent to conclude treaties
Representation of the state
Full powers (Vienna Convention rules)
Officials acting without full powers
Role of diplomatic representatives
7. Conclusion of Treaties and Consent to be Bound
Treaty initiative
Negotiations (bilateral, conferences, international organizations)
Adoption of the text (Art. 9 VCLT)
Authentication (Art. 10)
Signature and its legal effects
Ratification, acceptance, approval
Accession
Exchange and deposit of instruments
8. Reservations and Declarations to Treaties
Definition of reservations
Permissibility of reservations
Acceptance and objections
Legal effects of reservations
Withdrawal of reservations
Declarations and their types
9. Entry into Force, Registration, and Depositary Functions
Entry into force of treaties
Provisional application
Registration (Art. 102 UN Charter)
Publication of treaties
Depositary functions and notifications
10. Interpretation of Treaties
General rule of interpretation (Art. 31 VCLT)
Supplementary means (Art. 32)
Interpretation of multilingual treaties (Art. 33)
Object and purpose of treaties
Practice of international courts
11. Succession of States in Respect of Treaties
Concept of state succession
Vienna Convention (1978)
Types of succession (continuity, clean slate)
Succession in bilateral and multilateral treaties
Practice of states
12. Invalidity of Treaties
Presumption of validity
Error, fraud, corruption
Coercion of a representative or a state
Conflict with jus cogens
Legal consequences of invalidity
13. Termination, Suspension, and Enforcement of Treaties
Termination by consent
Material breach
Impossibility of performance
Fundamental change of circumstances
Suspension of treaties
Settlement of disputes
Responsibility for breach
40/60
Learning outcomes:
Knowledge: Students will be able to: explain the legal nature and classification of international treaties; describe the procedures for concluding, entering into force, and registering treaties; understand the grounds for invalidity and termination of international agreements.
Skills: Students will be able to: interpret treaty provisions according to the Vienna rules; distinguish between reservations and interpretative declarations; apply the norms of treaty law to resolve legal disputes between states.
Responsibility and Autonomy: Students will be able to: independently assess the compliance of national legislation with international obligations; formulate legal positions regarding the observance of treaties (pacta sunt servanda); critically analyze the jurisprudence of international courts in the field of treaty law..
1. Akram Neamah Ali, Salam Abdul Rahman A. A. Al-Ibraheemi, Hayder Majeed Abbood. International Economic Institutions: Different Tasks And Risks of Repercussions at the Global Level. Intern. Journal of Profess. Bus. Review. 2023. Vol. 8, No 2. P. 1-15.
2. Alabduljabbar N. J. League of Arab States and other regional security structures in the Middle East. Dezvoltarea Armatei Naţionale în contextul aprofundării reformelor democratice. Ediția 6, 2021. P. 65-74
3. Challenges and prospects for the development of legal systems in Ukraine and EU countries: comparative analysis: Collective monograph. Riga : Izdevniecība «Baltija Publishing», 2019. Vol. 2. 304 p.
4. Tetiana Syroid, Oleksandr Havrylenko, Lina Fomina, Alona Shevchenko Legal framework for the OSCE activities in ensuring the comprehensive security at the European level. Theoretical and practical research in law: collective monograph / Belkin L., Iurynets J., Sopilko I., Belkin M. etc. Іnternational Science Group. Boston : Primedia eLaunch, 2021. 220 р. Р. 171-194.
5. Tatiana Syroid Sanctions in International Criminal Law. Ukraine in the system of modern international legal order and Еuropean integration: problems of doctrine and practice in the context of modern humanitarian challenges: соllective monograph / edited by authors. Chernivtsi, Ukraine : Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University, 2022. P. 37-70. 644 р.
6. The issues of improving legal knowledge in the XXI century: the unity of theory and practice: collective monograph / V. Benkivsky, M. Burdonosova, O.Chepik-Trehubenko, O. Holovko, etc. Lviv-Toruń : Liha-Pres, 2019. 260 p.
Midterm assessment (40%): Continuous evaluation through active participation in seminars, preparation of case studies on specific organizations (e.g., UN, EU, NATO), and midterm testing.
Final assessment (60%): Oral exam covering the theoretical framework and practical legal operations of international organizations.
Classification scale: A/1 = 91–100%; B/1,5 = 81–90%; C/2 = 73–80%; D/2,5 = 66–72%; E/3 = 60–65%; FX = 0–59%.
The course is examined using uncommmented legislation.
English
1: History and Evolution of the Law of International Organizations.
2: Legal Nature and Concept of International Organizations (Intergovernmental vs. Non-governmental).
3: International Legal Personality: Powers, Functions, and Capacities.
4: Membership: Admission, Suspension, Withdrawal, and Legal Status of Observers.
5: Constitutional Framework: Founding Documents and Their Interpretation.
6: Institutional Structure: Assemblies, Councils, Secretariats, and Judicial Bodies.
7: Decision-Making Processes: Voting Systems and Legal Acts of Organizations.
8: Financing and Budgetary Procedures of International Organizations.
9: Privileges and Immunities of Organizations and Their Personnel.
10: The United Nations System: Legal Foundations and Contemporary Role.
11: Regional Organizations: NATO, Council of Europe, and OSCE.
12: Integration Organizations: The Unique Legal Order of the European Union.
13: Responsibility of International Organizations for Wrongful Acts.
40/60
Knowledge: Students will be able to: explain the legal nature, personality, and classification of international organizations; identify the internal structure and decision-making processes of global and regional bodies; describe the legal status of international civil servants.
Skills: Students will be able to: analyze the founding documents (charters/statutes) of international organizations; interpret resolutions and acts of international bodies; apply legal reasoning to issues of institutional responsibility and privileges.
Responsibility and Autonomy: Students will be able to: independently assess the role of organizations in global governance; critically evaluate the effectiveness of institutional reforms; formulate legal opinions on the interaction between states and international organizations.
1. Peristeridou, C., & Klip, A. (2024). Comparative Perspectives of Criminal Procedure. Cambridge: Intersentia.
2. Kostoris, R. E. (Ed.). (2018). Handbook of European Criminal Procedure. Cham: Springer.
3. Bonfils, P., Catelan, N., Kruessmann, T., Soulou, K., & Švedas, G. (2022). European Criminal Law and Procedure. Tallinn: Helvetica Publishing.
4. Delmas-Marty, M., & Spencer, J. R. (Eds.). (2004). European Criminal Procedures. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
5. European Commission. (2018). Criminal Procedural Laws across the European Union: A Comparative Analysis. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.
6. Rafaraci, T., & Belfiore, R. (Eds.). (2019). EU Criminal Justice: Fundamental Rights, Transnational Proceedings and the European Public Prosecutor’s Office. Cham: Springer.
7. Ouwerkerk, J., Altena, J., Öberg, J., & Miettinen, S. (Eds.). (2019). The Future of EU Criminal Justice Policy and Practice. Leiden: Brill.
8. McBride, J. (2009). Human Rights and Criminal Procedure: The Case Law of the European Court of Human Rights. Strasbourg: Council of Europe Publishing.
9. Kremens, K. (2021). Powers of the Prosecutor in Criminal Investigation: A Comparative Perspective. London: Routledge.
Midterm assessment: solving cases, preparing legal analyses and presenting them, active participation in discussions, papers on assigned topics, passed tests (40%)
Final assessment: oral exam (60%) in the form of a combination of theoretical questions and solving model cases using legal norms.
Classification scale: A/1 = 91 – 100 %; B/1,5 = 81 – 90 %; C/2 = 73 – 80 %; D/2,5 = 66 – 72
%; E/3 = 60 – 65 %; FX = 0 – 59 %.
English
Class syllabus:
Topic 1. Introduction to Comparative Criminal Procedure. Historical Forms and Development of the Criminal Process
1. Comparative Criminal Procedure as a Subfield of Comparative Law.
2. The Role of Comparative Criminal Procedure in Improving National Legislation and Preventing Transnational Crime.
3. Historical Forms of the Criminal Process and Their Development.
Topic 2. Criminal Procedure in Ukraine
4. Tasks and Principles of Criminal Procedure. Sources of Criminal Procedural Law.
5. Stages of Criminal Proceedings.
6. Participants in Criminal Proceedings.
7. Evidence and Proof in Criminal Proceedings.
8. The Pre-Trial Investigation Stage: General Characteristics.
9. Proceedings in Courts of First Instance.
10. Review of Court Decisions.
Topic 3. Criminal Procedure in the Slovak Republic
1. Sources of Criminal Procedural Law.
2. Principles of Criminal Procedure.
3. Stages of Criminal Proceedings.
4. Participants in Criminal Proceedings.
5. Evidence and Proof in Criminal Proceedings.
6. Pre-Trial Proceedings.
7. Court Proceedings.
8. Review of Court Decisions.
Topic 4. Criminal Procedure in Germany
1. Principles of Criminal Procedure.
2. Sources of Criminal Procedural Law.
3. Participants in Criminal Proceedings.
4. Evidence and Sources of Evidence.
5. Pre-Trial Proceedings.
6. Proceedings in Courts of First Instance.
7. Review of Court Decisions.
Topic 5. Criminal Procedure in France
1. Principles of Criminal Procedure.
2. Sources of Criminal Procedural Law.
3. Participants in Criminal Proceedings.
4. Evidence in Criminal Proceedings: Concepts and Types.
5. Pre-Trial Proceedings.
6. Proceedings in Courts of First Instance.
7. Review of Court Decisions.
Topic 6. European Standards of Criminal Procedure
1. The European Convention on Human Rights and Its Role in Criminal Justice.
2. Case Law of the European Court of Human Rights.
3. The Influence of European Human Rights Standards on National Criminal Proceedings.
4. Judicial Cooperation in Criminal Matters in the European Union.
40/60
a) Knowledge: students will be able to: demonstrate knowledge of the fundamental principles of comparative criminal procedural law; explain the structure and stages of criminal proceedings in different legal systems; describe the rights and obligations of participants in criminal proceedings, including suspects, defendants, victims, prosecutors, and judges.
b) Skills: students will be able to: compare criminal procedural rules and institutions across different legal systems; analyze legal provisions, case law, and doctrinal approaches related to criminal procedure; apply comparative methods to evaluate similarities and differences between national criminal justice systems.
c) Responsibility and Autonomy: students will be able to: conduct independent research on issues of comparative criminal procedural law using academic and legal sources; critically evaluate legal developments and reforms in criminal procedure in different jurisdictions.
1. Gilleri, G. (2024). Sex, gender and international human rights law: Contesting binaries. Routledge.
2. Sex and Gender in International Human Rights Law through the Lens of CEDAW" (2024)
3. "Accelerating Gender Equality through Reforming Legal Frameworks" (2024)
4. "Legal Gender Equality as a Catalyst for Convergence" (2022)
5. "Gendered Peace Through International Law" (2024)
6. "Promoting Gender Equality through International Law" (2024)
Continuous evaluation: case study using uncommented legislation (100%)
Classification scale: A / 1 = 91 - 100%; B / 1.5 = 81 - 90%; C / 2 = 73 - 80%; D / 2.5 = 66-72%;
E / 3 = 60 - 65%; FX = 0 - 59%.
The subject is tested using the uncommented legal regulations.
English
1: Introduction to Gender and International Law: Theoretical Perspectives and Feminist Legal Theories.
2: The Evolution of Gender Equality in the International Human Rights Framework.
3: Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW): Substantive Provisions.
4: The CEDAW Committee: Reporting Procedure, General Recommendations, and the Optional Protocol.
5: Regional Legal Instruments on Gender Equality: The European System and the Istanbul Convention.
6: Comparative Analysis: Inter-American and African Regional Systems on Gender Rights.
7: Gender-Based Violence in International Law: Definitions, Responsibility, and Standards of Due Diligence.
8: Gender in International Criminal Law: Conflict-Related Sexual Violence and the Rome Statute.
9: Women, Peace, and Security: UN Security Council Resolution 1325 and its Follow-up Frameworks.
10: Gender and Economic Rights: Equal Pay, Property Rights, and the Role of the ILO.
11: LGBTQ+ Rights in International Law: SOGI Standards and the Jurisprudence of International Tribunals.
12: Implementation and Enforcement: Domestic Incorporation of International Gender Norms and Legal Barriers.
13: Future Challenges and Trends: Gender Equality in the Digital Age and Response to Global Backlash.
100/0
Knowledge:
Students understand key international legal frameworks on gender equality, including CEDAW and the Istanbul Convention, as well as the role of the UN and other organizations. The concept of gender equality also includes transgender persons.
Skills:
Students can analyse legal texts and cases related to gender equality, including issues affecting transgender people, and apply this knowledge to discrimination and gender-based violence.
Responsibility and autonomy:
Students are able to think critically about gender equality issues and form their own, sometimes even independently evaluate legal situations.
1. Kolb, R. (2014). The International Law of Settling Disputes in War and Peace.
2. Tsagourias, N., & White, N. D. (2021). Collective Security: Theory, Law and Practice. Cambridge University Press.
3. Black-Branch, J., & Fleck, D. (Eds.). (2021). The Oxford Handbook of the International Law of Global Security. Oxford University Press.
Midterm assessment: solving cases, preparing legal analyses and presenting them, active participation in discussions, papers on assigned topics, passed tests (40%)
Final assessment: oral exam (60%) in the form of a combination of theoretical questions and solving model cases using legal norms.
Classification scale: A/1 = 91 – 100 %; B/1,5 = 81 – 90 %; C/2 = 73 – 80 %; D/2,5 = 66 – 72
%; E/3 = 60 – 65 %; FX = 0 – 59 %.
English
1: Concept, Principles, and Sources of International Security Law.
2: The System of Collective Security under the UN Charter.
3: Powers of the UN Security Council and General Assembly in Maintaining Peace.
4: Legal Regulation of the Use of Force: Jus ad Bellum and Exceptions.
5: Regional Security Systems: NATO, OSCE, and European Security Architecture.
6: Legal Aspects of Disarmament and Arms Control.
7: Non-proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction (Nuclear, Chemical, Biological).
8: International Legal Framework for Combating Terrorism.
9: Legal Regimes of Information and Cyber Security in International Law.
10: UN Peacekeeping Operations: Legal Basis and Practical Implementation.
11: Peaceful Settlement of International Disputes as a Security Tool.
12: Neutrality in Modern International Law: Rights and Duties.
13: Contemporary Challenges: Hybrid Warfare and Transnational Organized Crime.
40/60
a) Knowledge: Students will be able to: explain the concept and system of international security law; identify the role of the UN Security Council and regional organizations; describe the legal regimes of non-proliferation and disarmament.
Skills: Students will be able to: analyze international legal acts in the field of security; evaluate the legality of the use of force in international relations; apply legal norms to resolve collective security issues.
b) Responsibility and Autonomy: Students will be able to: conduct independent research on transnational security threats; critically evaluate the effectiveness of international security institutions; formulate legal positions regarding peace-making and peace-keeping operations.
G.T.Laura, S.H.E Harmon, E.S. Dove: Law and Medical Ethics, Published to Oxford: July 2023 Mohammad Nassen: International Medical Law, Publishing. 2022.
Den Exter, A. (Ed.). (2011). International health law and ethics: Basic documents (2nd ed.). Maklu.
Hervey, T. K., McHale, J. V., & Buckley, C. (2010). European Union health law: Themes and implications (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press.
Toebes, B., Ferguson, R., Markovic, M. M., & Nnamuchi, O. (Eds.). (2014). The right to health: A multi country study of law, policy and practice. Springer.
Boldizhar, S. O., Nechiporuk, K. O., Panov, A. V., & Kopcha, N. V. (2023). Ethical expertise of biomedical research as a way of human rights protection. Wiadomosci Lekarskie, 76(3), 656–661. https://doi.org/10.36740/WLek202303132
Pishta, V. I., Boldizhar, S. O., Popovych, T. P., Holovatskiy, N. T., Potapchuk, A. M., & Hechko, M. M. (2025). Personal data protection in mHealth apps: International experience and prospects for legislative changes in Ukraine. Wiadomosci Lekarskie, 78(4), 949–954. https://doi.org/10.36740/WLek/203908
Pishta, V. I., Boldizhar, S. O., Popovych, T. P., Holovatskiy, N. T., Potapchuk, A. M., & Hechko, M. M. (2025). Functionality and protection of personal data when using Ukrainian‑language mHealth apps. Polish Merkur Lekarski, 53(6), 838–845. https://doi.org/10.36740/Merkur202506120
Boldizhar, S. (2020). Surrogacy in the practice of the European Court of Human Rights. Knowledge, Education, Law, Management, (7)35.
Boldizhar, S. (2020). Institutional guarantees of the administrative and legal mechanism for ensuring fourth generation human rights in the healthcare system. Knowledge, Education, Law, Management (33)22.
Midterm assessment: solving cases, preparing legal analyses and presenting them, active participation in discussions, papers on assigned topics, passed tests (40%)
Final assessment: oral exam (60%) in the form of a combination of theoretical questions and solving model cases using legal norms.
Classification scale: A/1 = 91 – 100 %; B/1,5 = 81 – 90 %; C/2 = 73 – 80 %; D/2,5 = 66 – 72
%; E/3 = 60 – 65 %; FX = 0 – 59 %.
English
1: Introduction to International Medical Law: Concept, Sources, and Relationship with Human Rights.
2: Legal Nature of Medical Care and Medical Services: International Quality Standards.
3: Patient Rights: The Right to Privacy and Medical Confidentiality in the Digital Age.
4: Informed Consent: Legal Requirements, Exceptions, and International Bioethical Standards.
5: Legal Liability in Healthcare: Deficiencies in Medical Care and Iatrogenic Pathology.
6: International Legal Regulation of Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART) and Surrogate Motherhood.
7: Reproductive Rights and the Legal Framework for the Termination of Pregnancy: A Comparative Perspective.
8: Legal Aspects of Anatomical Material Transplantation: Combatting Illegal Trafficking of Human Organs.
9: The Moment of Death: Legal Definitions, Criteria, and Certification in International Practice.
10: End-of-Life Issues: Legal and Ethical Debates on Euthanasia and Palliative Care.
11: International Legal Regulation of Medical Research and Clinical Trials: The Declaration of Helsinki.
12: Psychiatric Care and Human Rights: International Standards of Compulsory Treatment and Protection.
13: International Cooperation in Public Health: The Role of the WHO and Global Health Security.
40/60
Knowledge: Students will acquire both theoretical and practical knowledge necessary for professional application of medical law. They will understand the main tasks and purposes of medical law and gain insight into modern concepts, scientific perspectives, and controversial issues in the field.
Skills: Students will be able to analyze and interpret medical law norms, apply them to specific cases, critically assess legal problems in healthcare, and draft normative or regulatory documents.
Responsibility and Autonomy: Students will demonstrate independent judgment and responsibility in legal decision-making, identifying ethical and legal dilemmas in medical practice and proposing solutions in line with current legal and professional standards.
1. Hießl Ch. Basics on European Social Law: 2. Auflage. Wien: Linde Ver-lag Gesellschaft m.b.H., 2021. 175 р.
2. Fuchs M. Euro-päisches Sozialrecht. 5. Auflage. Baden-Baden: Nomos Verlags-gesellschaft, 2010. 768 p.
3. The European Social Charter. URL: https://www.coe.int/uk/web/compass/european-social-charter
4. Counsil of Europe: https://www.coe.int/en/web/portal/home
5. EU web-site: https://european-union.europa.eu/
6. European Parliament: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/
7. EUDOR: http://www.eudor.com
8. EU legislation: http://europa.eu.int/eur-lex
Continuous evaluation: case study using uncommented legislation (100%)
Classification scale: A / 1 = 91 - 100%; B / 1.5 = 81 - 90%; C / 2 = 73 - 80%; D / 2.5 = 66-72%;
E / 3 = 60 - 65%; FX = 0 - 59%.
The subject is tested using the uncommented legal regulations.
English
1: The European Social Charter (ESC) as the "Social Constitution" of Europe: History and Evolution.
2: International legal framework of social protection: Relationship between the ESC, ILO, and UN instruments.
3: The interaction between the ESC and EU legal standards: Synergies and legal overlaps.
4: The significance of the Revised European Social Charter in the protection of social rights.
5: The monitoring mechanism: The reporting procedure and the role of the European Committee of Social Rights.
6: The Collective Complaints Procedure: Empowering NGOs and Social Partners.
7: Employment and labor rights: The right to work and just conditions of labor.
8: Right to organize and collective bargaining: Ensuring equal opportunities in the workplace.
9: Person, business, and the state: Balancing economic interests and social guarantees.
10: Social protection of vulnerable groups: Rights of persons with disabilities and elderly people.
11: The right to health protection and the provision of social and medical assistance.
12: Rights of the family and children: Social, legal, and economic protection.
13: Fulfillment of obligations by states and the application of the ESC in national judicial practice
100/0
a) Knowledge:
Gain a comprehensive general knowledge of both European Union (EU) and Ukrainian social law, including their core principles and institutional frameworks.
Understand the specific legal documents, directives, and regulations that actively shape and impact the creation of the social law framework in both jurisdictions.
Grasp the modern perspectives, mechanisms, and standards of social rights protection applicable in day-to-day administrative operations as well as formal juridical procedures.
b) Skills:
Develop the practical capability to apply acquired theoretical knowledge of EU and Ukrainian social law to solve complex, practice-based cases and disputes.
Acquire specialized skills in legal reasoning and analysis required to dissect real-world case studies and propose effective legal solutions.
Master the ability to navigate complex social legislation to identify and advocate for the protection of individuals' social rights in professional practice.
c) Responsibility and Autonomy:
Demonstrate high professional and ethical responsibility when handling sensitive legal matters concerning the protection of social rights and vulnerable groups.
Cultivate the autonomy to assess complex social law scenarios independently and make informed, practice-oriented decisions in consulting or advocacy roles.
Foster readiness to act independently in legal practice, taking full responsibility for the application of national and EU standards to resolve real-world social law challenges.
Project of Research in Sports Law. LEGAL RESPONSIBILITY IN SPORTS CONTRACTS – ARBITRATION – ETHICAL – MANAGEMENT AND COVID 19. Dimitrios P. Panagiotopoulos (Ed). 2024
Midterm assessment: solving cases, preparing legal analyses and presenting them, active participation in discussions, papers on assigned topics, passed tests (40%)
Final assessment: oral exam (60%) in the form of a combination of theoretical questions and solving model cases using legal norms.
Classification scale: A/1 = 91 – 100 %; B/1,5 = 81 – 90 %; C/2 = 73 – 80 %; D/2,5 = 66 – 72
%; E/3 = 60 – 65 %; FX = 0 – 59 %.
English
1: Physical culture and sport as an object of legal regulation. The concept, sources, and system of sports law.
2: Subjects of sports relations: Legal status of athletes, sports clubs, and national federations.
3: Objects of sports relations: Sports facilities, events, and sports-related information.
4: Legal regulation of professional sports in Ukraine: National legislation and international standards.
5: Contractual relations in sports law: Labor contracts with athletes and coaches.
6: Civil law contracts in sports: Agency agreements and sponsorship deals.
7: Intellectual property rights in the field of sports: Image rights, broadcasting rights, and sports branding.
8: Sports liability as a specific type of legal liability: Disciplinary and ethical sanctions in sports.
9: Legal regulation of anti-doping activities: The World Anti-Doping Code and its implementation.
10: Sports refereeing and the legal status of sports officials (referees, judges, and inspectors).
11: Sports awards and social protection of athletes: Legal basis for state and international honors.
12: International cooperation in the field of sports: The role of the IOC and international sports federations.
13: The procedure for resolving sports disputes: Sports arbitration (CAS), mediation, and alternative dispute resolution.
40/60
Students will study a branch of law that regulates a qualitatively homogeneous sphere of social relations by a specific method of legal regulation. The subject of sports law regulation is a set of social relations that arise and are implemented in organizing and forming sports teams, establishing requirements for professional athletes, and monitoring compliance with special rules - and regulations. The range of legal relations covered by the sphere of sports law is quite broad and has a clearly defined complex orientation. This includes contract issues, sponsorship agreements, player transfers, and dispute resolution within the sports industry. Sports law also encompasses anti-doping regulations, athlete representation, and intellectual property rights in sports.
1. Markus Dubber, M., & Tatjana Hörnle, T. (2014). Criminal Law: A Comparative Approach. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
2. Kevin Jon Heller, K. J., & Markus Dubber, M. (Eds.). (2010). The Handbook of Comparative Criminal Law. Stanford: Stanford Law Books.
3. Mathias Reimann, M., & Reinhard Zimmermann, R. (Eds.). (2019). The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Law (2nd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
4. Albin Eser, A. (2017). Comparative Criminal Law. Munich: C.H. Beck.
5. Bonfils, P., Catelan, N., Kruessmann, T., Soulou, K., & Švedas, G. (2022). European Criminal Law and Procedure. Tallinn: Helvetica Publishing.
6. Johannes Keiler, J., & David Roef, D. (2015). Comparative Concepts of Criminal Law. Cambridge: Intersentia.
7. David Nelken, D., & Claire Hamilton, C. (Eds.). (2022). Research Handbook on Comparative Criminal Justice. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing.
8. Andrew Ashworth, A., & Jeremy Horder, J. (2013). Principles of Criminal Law (7th ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
9. Gerhard Werle, G., & Florian Jessberger, F. (2020). Principles of International Criminal Law (3rd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Midterm assessment: solving cases, preparing legal analyses and presenting them, active participation in discussions, papers on assigned topics, passed tests (40%)
Final assessment: oral exam (60%) in the form of a combination of theoretical questions and solving model cases using legal norms.
Classification scale: A/1 = 91 – 100 %; B/1,5 = 81 – 90 %; C/2 = 73 – 80 %; D/2,5 = 66 – 72
%; E/3 = 60 – 65 %; FX = 0 – 59 %.
The course is examined using uncommmented legislation.
English
Topic 1. Сoncept of Сomparative Сriminal Substantive law. Sources of Criminal Law: Anglo-Saxon legal systems (England, United States) and Romano-Germanic legal systems (Slovak Republic, Ukraine, France, Germany).
Topic 2. Concept and Legal Nature of Principles of Criminal Law.
Topic 3. Concept, Features and Classification of Criminal Offenses.
Topic 4. Elements of Criminal Offense and Subject of Crime.
Topic 5. Stages of Commission of Criminal Offenses.
Topic 6. Complicity in Criminal Offenses.
Topic 7. Circumstances Excluding Criminal Illegality.
Topic 8. Punishments and Other Criminal Law Measures.
Topic 9. Comparative Analysis of the Special Part of Criminal Law of the Anglo-Saxon (England, USA) and Romano-German (Slovak Republic, Ukraine, France and Germany) legal systems.
Topic 10. Criminal Liability for CertainTypes of Crimes.
40/60
Knowledge: students will be able to: demonstrate understanding of the concept, subject and methods of comparative criminal law; identify and explain sources of criminal law in England, United States, Slovak Republic, Ukraine, France, Germany; describe the fundamental principles of criminal law and their role in different legal systems; explain the concept, elements and classification of criminal offenses; understand stages of committing criminal offenses and forms of complicity; explain types and purposes of punishment and other criminal law measures; demonstrate knowledge of the structure of the Special Part of criminal law in selected jurisdictions.
Skills: students will be able to: apply comparative legal methods to analyze criminal law institutions across different legal systems; compare and critically evaluate legal rules and doctrines in civil law and common law traditions; solve practical case studies; interpret legal norms and case law from different jurisdictions; present comparative legal arguments.
Responsibility and Autonomy: students will be able to: conduct independent research on issues of comparative criminal substantive law using academic and legal sources; critically evaluate legal developments and reforms in criminal law in different jurisdictions; independently analyze criminal law problems using a comparative approach.
1. Digitalization, Metaverse, Artificial Intelligence In The Context Of Human And Individual Rights Protection In Ukraine And The World. Scientific Approbation. Monograph. Edited by: Oleksii Kostenko, Ph.D. (Law), Olena Kharytonova, Doctor of Legal Science, Yevhen Kharytonov, Doctor of Legal Science. SciFormat Publishing Inc. Canada, 2025. 366p.
2. Personal Non-Property Rights and Rights to Virtual Assets in the Context of Digitalization / Edited by Buletsa Sibilla and Mendzhul Marija. Uzhhorod, Rik-U. 2025. 492 р.
3. Human Rights in the Digital Age Paperback – (23 Dec. 2004) English edition by Mathias Klang (Editor), Andrew Murray (Editor)
4. Susi M. The Non-Coherence Theory of Digital Human Rights. Cambridge University Press; (2024).
5. The Birth of Digital Human Rights Digitized Data Governance as a Human Rights Issue in the EU Book (2022)
6. Tiina Pajuste (2025) Human Rights in the Digital Domain. Cambridge University Press. Research Handbook on Human Rights and Digital Technology Global Politics, Law and International Relations: Second Edition 2nd edition. Edited by Ben Wagner, Matthias C. Kettemann, Kilian Vieth-Ditlmann and Susannah Montgomery, (2025) 428 pp
7. Aggarwal R, Tasca P, eds. Digital Assets: Pricing, Allocation and Regulation. Cambridge University Press; (2025).
8. Leon V. Schumacher. Decoding Digital Assets Distinguishing the Dream from the Dystopia in Stablecoins, Tokenized Deposits, and Central Bank Digital Currencies (2024)
9. Control and Ownership of Digital Assets A Comparative Law Survey. Edited by Linda Jeng, Mirjam Eggen and Sebastian Omlor (2026). 276 pages.
10. Barresi Rosa Giovanna, Zatti Filippo. Digital Assets and the Law. Fiat Money in the Era of Digital Currency. (2024) Routledge-Giappichelli Studies in Law. 400p.
11. Digital Assets: Pricing, Allocation and Regulation (2025). Edited by Reena Aggarwal and Paolo Tasca. Cambridge University Press. www.cambridge.org
12. UNIDROIT Digital Assets and Private Law Principle 2(2)
Active Participation: Achieve a satisfactory level of engagement in class discussions and activities, contributing meaningfully to the learning environment (as per the 10% Class Participation component).
Completion of All Assessments: Submit all required assessment components:
• Mid-Term Case and problems Study Analysis, preparing legal analyses and presenting them, active participation in discussions, papers on assigned topics, passed tests, essay, preparing presentations (40% of final grade). All work submitted must adhere strictly to the university's policies on academic integrity. Plagiarism, cheating, or any other form of academic misconduct will result in severe penalties, potentially including failure of the course and disciplinary action.
• Research Paper and Presentation (30% of final grade). Analyzing a specific legal tension between digital personal rights and EU virtual asset law and Ukrainian domestic law.
• Final assessment: oral exam (20%) in the form of a combination of theoretical questions.
Classification scale: A/1 = 91 – 100 %; B/1,5 = 81 – 90 %; C/2 = 73 – 80 %; D/2,5 = 66 – 72
%; E/3 = 60 – 65 %; FX = 0 – 59 %.
English
Subject Breakdown (14 Weeks)
Part 1: Foundations of Digital Rights and Virtual Assets
Week 1: Introduction to Digitalization and Personal Rights in the Digital Age
1. Defining "Digital Personal Rights": evolution from human rights to digital context.
2. Concepts of digital identity, privacy, autonomy, and expression online.
3. The fundamental clash: The Right to be Forgotten (Art. 17 GDPR) vs. append-only ledgers.
4. Identifying the "Data Controller" and "Data Processor" in decentralized networks.
5. Comparative analysis: EU GDPR applicability vs. Ukraine’s Law on Personal Data Protection.
Week 2: Digital Identity and Virtual Assets: Pseudonymity, Verification, and Control.
1. Digital identity models in virtual asset ecosystems: pseudonymous ownership vs. KYC/AML.
2. Self-Sovereign Identity (SSI) and decentralized identifiers (DIDs) in relation to virtual assets.
3. The right to control one's digital identity in decentralized environments.
4. Self-Sovereign Identity (SSI) and European Digital Identity (eIDAS 2.0).
5. The Diia ecosystem in Ukraine: State-issued digital identity and its human rights implications.
Week 3: Intellectual Property Rights and Creative Assets (NFTs).
1. Copyright, trademark, and design rights concerning NFTs and underlying digital art/content.
2. The nature of "ownership" of an NFT versus ownership of its underlying intellectual property.
3. Enforcement of IP rights in decentralized virtual asset markets.
4. Tokenization of creative assets: Copyright, moral rights, and exhaustion of rights in the EU and Ukraine.
5. The legal distinction between owning the token (NFT) and holding rights to the underlying asset.
6. Enforcement of IP rights against decentralized or anonymous actors.
Week 4: Privacy, Data Protection, and Virtual Asset Transactions.
1. Privacy implications of public blockchains: transparency vs. anonymity.
2. Data generation and use in virtual asset platforms and transactions.
3. Application of data protection laws (e.g., GDPR) to blockchain and virtual assets.
4. Privacy-enhancing technologies (PETs) in virtual asset transactions.
Week 5: Autonomy, Consent, and Engagement with Virtual Assets.
1. The right to individual autonomy in creating, acquiring, and disposing of virtual assets.
2. Consent mechanisms in smart contracts and blockchain interactions.
3. Risks to autonomy: manipulation, scams, and involuntary asset transfers.
Part 2 Virtual Assets.
Week 6-7: Introduction to Virtual Assets: Typology and Technology.
1. Defining virtual assets: cryptocurrencies, tokens, Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs).
2. Basic principles of blockchain technology and distributed ledgers.
3. The concept of decentralization and its legal implications.
4. Legal classification of virtual assets: property, instrument, commodity, currency.
5. Traditional property rights vs. digital ownership: possession, control, transfer.
6. Challenges of proving and enforcing ownership of virtual assets.
Week 8-9: Comparative Property Law in the Digital Realm.
1. Virtual assets as "property": Slovak civil law vs. Ukrainian civil law perspectives.
2. The challenge of possession, transfer, and absolute rights (erga omnes) on a distributed ledger.
3. Case studies: Asset recovery and freezing of crypto-assets in EU and Ukrainian courts.
4. Evolution of digital human rights in the Council of Europe and EU jurisprudence.
5. Digital identity, autonomy, and the right to informational self-determination.
Week 10: Ukraine’s Regulatory Framework for Virtual Assets.
1. Detailed analysis of the Ukrainian Law "On Virtual Assets".
2. Bridging the gap: Adapting Ukrainian national law to meet MiCA standards for EU accession.
3. The role of the National Bank of Ukraine (NBU) and the National Securities and Stock Market Commission.
4. Ukraine’s trajectory toward EU digital integration: Legal harmonization challenges.
Part 3: Governance, Regulation, and Future Challenges.
Week 11: Smart Contracts: Legal Nature, Enforceability, and Rights Implications.
1. Legal status of smart contracts: code as law vs. legal text.
2. Formation, validity, and enforceability of smart contracts for virtual asset transactions.
3. The impact on individual consent, error correction, and dispute resolution. Legal validity and contract formation under EU Directives and Ukrainian Civil Code.
4. Liability for coding errors, hacks, and oracle failures.
Week 12: Taxation of Virtual Assets: A Comparative View.
1. Taxing crypto-transactions: Capital gains, VAT implications, and staking rewards.
2. Comparing the Slovak tax regime for virtual assets with proposed Ukrainian tax amendments.
3. Cross-border tax evasion and international reporting standards (DAC8).
4. Taxation principles and classifications for cryptocurrencies and NFTs.
5. Challenges of compliance, reporting, and cross-border taxation.
6. Impact on individual economic rights and fairness.
Week 13: The Metaverse, DAOs, and the Future of Digital Personal Rights & Virtual Assets.
1. Personal rights (identity, privacy, property) in immersive virtual worlds.
2. Decentralized Autonomous Organizations (DAOs): legal status, governance, and member rights related to assets.
3. Emerging technologies and future legal and ethical landscapes.
4. Tort liability and personal rights violations (e.g., digital assault, defamation) in immersive virtual environments.
Week 14: Joint Colloquium
Course Review and Contemporary Case Studies, student presentations and essay defenses.
80/20
1. Analyze the foundational principles of personal digital rights (e.g., privacy, identity, autonomy) and their application in digital and virtual environments.
2. Systematically compare the legal classifications of virtual assets under EU Law (MiCA framework) and Ukrainian national law (e.g., the Law "On Virtual Assets").
3. Evaluate the legal classification, nature, and characteristics of various virtual assets, including cryptocurrencies, NFTs, and other tokenized forms.
3. Assess the specific impact of virtual assets and blockchain technology on individual privacy, data protection, digital identity, and property rights.
4. Examine the legal implications and enforceability of smart contracts in the context of virtual asset transactions and personal rights.
5. Critically appraise existing and proposed regulatory frameworks for virtual assets, focusing on their effectiveness in protecting personal rights (e.g., consumer protection, anti-money laundering, taxation).
6. Identify and articulate complex legal and ethical challenges arising from the intersection of digitalization, virtual assets, and personal rights, and propose reasoned solutions.
7. Apply advanced private international law principles to resolve cross-border jurisdictional and enforcement challenges involving digital assets between EU and non-EU states.
1. Law of Ukraine "On Education". URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2145-19#Text
2. Law of Ukraine "On Higher Education". URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/1556-18#Text
3. Regulation "On the Conduct of Practice for Students of Higher Educational Institutions of Ukraine", approved by the Order of the Ministry of Education of Ukraine dated April 8, 1993, No. 93 (as amended). URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/z0035-93#Text
4. Letter of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine dated February 7, 2009, No. 1/9-93 "On Practical Training of Students". URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/rada/show/v9-93290-09#Text
5. Regulation on the Organization of the Educational Process at the State Higher Educational Institution "Uzhhorod National University". URL: https://www.uzhnu.edu.ua/uk/infocentre/get/31357
6. Regulation on the Department of the State Higher Educational Institution "Uzhhorod National University". URL: https://www.uzhnu.edu.ua/en/infocentre/get/10565
7. Regulation on the Practice of Students of the State Higher Educational Institution "Uzhhorod National University". URL: https://www.uzhnu.edu.ua/en/infocentre/get/11775
The student is required to complete the mandatory production practice and submit a written report. The grade is awarded based on the results of assessment and defense of the report. The type of final control is a graded credit.
The student must complete the internship program in full, including individual tasks and direct work at the internship host (institution/organization).
Documentation:
- Internship Diary (Logbook): Regular filling of the diary, where daily activities are recorded. It must be signed by the supervisor from the internship host and certified with a seal.
- Report: Preparation of a written report on the implementation of the internship program and individual tasks.
Assessment and Defense:
- The final grade is awarded based on the results of the report defense before the department commission.
- The character reference and evaluation provided by the supervisor from the internship host (recorded in the diary) are taken into account.
- Type of control — graded credit (differentiated test) (a grade on a 100-point scale, which is then converted into the ECTS grade and the national scale).
Assessment Criteria:
- Quality of completion of the program tasks.
- Level of theoretical preparation and the ability to apply knowledge in practice.
- Adherence to the schedule and labor discipline at the internship host.
Completion of reporting documentation in accordance with the standards.
Continuous evaluation: 100%
Classification scale: A / 1 = 91 - 100%; B / 1.5 = 81 - 90%; C / 2 = 73 - 80%; D / 2.5 = 66-72%;
E / 3 = 60 - 65%; FX = 0 - 59%.
English
Brief course outline:
• Introductory stage: Familiarization with the internship program, safety regulations, and internal rules of the host institution. Receiving individual tasks and drafting a calendar work plan.
• Organizational and structural analysis: Studying the legal status, structure, functions, and competencies of the host organization (such as the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, judicial bodies, international departments of local self-government, or specialized law firms).
• Practical activities: Participation in the daily operations of the host organization. Analyzing international and national legal acts, drafting legal documents, contracts, and official correspondence. Applying theoretical knowledge of international law to resolve practical situations.
• Documentation management: Acquiring skills in drafting, registering, processing, and storing organizational and administrative documentation.
• Final stage: Systematizing the collected materials, filling out the internship diary, and preparing the final written report and materials for defense.
100/0
Knowledge: Upon completion of the internship, students should know:
• The system and structure of state bodies, institutions, or organizations engaged in international relations and international law;
• The regulatory framework governing the activities of the internship host, including relevant national legislation and international treaties;
• Modern methods and forms of professional activity in the field of international law (diplomatic service, legal assistance, judicial practice, etc.);
• Rules and standards for the preparation, execution, management, and storage of organizational and administrative documentation and legal instruments;
• Ethical norms and standards of professional conduct for international law practitioners.
Skills: Upon completion of the internship, students should be able to:
• Analyse complex legal situations requiring the simultaneous application of international and national law;
• Perform legal qualification of facts and circumstances arising within the operations of the internship host;
• Independently draft legal documents (contracts, statements of claim, diplomatic notes, analytical reports, etc.) in compliance with current legislative requirements;
• Utilize specialized information systems and databases to search for international legal acts and the practice of their application;
• Formulate and present a reasoned legal position and propose effective solutions for complex specialized tasks in the field of international law.
Responsibility and autonomy: Upon completion of the internship, students should demonstrate the ability to:
• Independently plan and execute professional tasks within defined deadlines, showing a high level of organization and discipline;
• Take responsibility for the quality and legality of prepared legal opinions and draft documents;
• Critically evaluate their own professional performance and promptly adjust working methods to achieve better results;
• Work effectively within professional groups and teams, adhering to subordination and professional ethics;
• Recognize the social significance of their future profession and act in accordance with the principles of the rule of law and the protection of human rights.
Craig,P., de Búrca, G. : EU LAW, Text, Cases, and Materials. Eight Edition. New York: Oxford University Press, 2024.
Chalmers, D., Davies, G., Monti, G.: European Union Law. Cambridge University Press, 2024.
Ashiagbor, D., Countouris, N., Lianos, I.: The European Union after the Treaty of Lisbon. Cambridge University Press, 2012.
Lenaerts, K., Van Nuffel,P.: European Union Law. Third Edition. Londýn: Sweet and Maxwell, 2011.
Vivien Rose, V., Bailey, D.: Bellamy and Child: European Union Law of Competition. New York: Oxford University Press, 2013.
Weatherill, S.: Cases and Materials on EU law. Oxford University Press, 2012. Woods, L., Watson, P.: EU Law. New York: Oxford University Press, 2012.
Continuous assessment: solving case studies, preparing legal analyses and presenting them, participating in discussions, active participation in exercises, quizzes (40%)
Final assessment: oral exam (60%) in the form of a combination of theoretical questions and solving model case assignments using unannotated legal regulations
Grading scale: A/1 = 91–100%; B/1.5 = 81–90%; C/2 = 73–80%; D/2.5 = 66–72 %; E/3 = 60–65%; FX = 0–59%.
The course is examined using uncommented legal regulations.
English
1. Development of European integration; Membership in the EU; EU values and their enforcement
2. Division of competences; Principles of subsidiarity and proportionality
3. Institutional system of the EU – main institutions and issues of their joint functioning
4. System of EU law; Sources of EU law
5. EU law-making process
6. Fundamental application principles and doctrines of EU law
7. Forms and methods of the application of EU law
8. The integrative role of the process of legal harmonisation
9. Approach of national public authorities to the application of primary and secondary EU law
10. Judicial system of the European Union; Types of proceedings before the Court of Justice of the EU
11. Preliminary ruling procedure
12. Procedural autonomy of Member States
13. Authority of EU law and enforcement of obligations arising from EU membership
40/60
a) Knowledge:
The student has a comprehensive and integrated overview and advanced understanding of the legal order of the European Union, including its constitutional and institutional foundations, as well as the forms and methods of its application.
b) Skills:
The student is able to solve advanced case studies focused on European Union law, apply primary and secondary EU law, prepare advanced legal analyses, and follow procedures for assessing the validity of EU acts and the compatibility of national law.
c) Responsibility and autonomy:
The student is able to provide qualified conclusions and recommendations concerning the fundamental institutes of EU law, the submission of a preliminary question, and the application of EU law sources by national public authorities.
JACOBS, WHITE, OVEY,: The European Convention on Human Rights. 6. vydanie. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014
GREER, S.: The European Convention on Human Rights: Achievments, Problems and Prospects. Cambridge University Press, 2006
JANIS, W., M. – KAY, R.,S. – BRADLEY, A.,W.: European Human Rights Law, Text and Materials. Third Edition, 2008
KELLER, H. – STONE-SWEET, A. (eds.): A Europe of Rights. Oxford University Press, 2008 LETSAS, G.: A Theory of Interpretation of the European Convention on Human Rights, Oxford University Press, 2008
REID, K.: A Practitioner's Guide to the European Convention on Human Rights. 3rd Edition, Sweet & Maxwell, 2008
Written assignment / case presentation / seminar participation and ongoing completion of written tasks (20%).
Final Assessment: Written examination – theoretical questions and analysis of a model case (80%).
Grading Scale: A (1) = 91–100%; B (1.5) = 81–90%; C (2) = 73–80%; D (2.5) = 66–72%; E (3) = 60–65%; FX (fail) = 0–59%.
During the examination, students may use all available sources of legal information, in particular unannotated legislation, commentaries, case law, legal literature, and legal information systems.
English
1. The Theoretical Foundations of Human Rights
-The concept of human rights and fundamental freedoms: meaning, characteristics, and classification
-Human dignity
-Limitation and interpretation of rights and freedoms
2.National and supranational dimensions of human rights protection
-The United Nations System of Human Rights Protection
-The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
-The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
-Protection mechanisms, institutions, and basic procedural principles
3. The European Convention on Human Rights
-Characteristics and historical development
-Fundamental procedural principles
-The European Court of Human Rights (composition and jurisdiction)
-The Committee of Ministers (competences)
4.The Right to Life
-Substantive and procedural dimensions of the right to life
-The standard of “absolute necessity”
5.Prohibition of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
-Nature of the right and elements of Article 3 ECHR
-Conditions of detention, deportation, interrogation, and other practical aspects
6. The Right to Liberty and Security
-Presumptions and requirements under ECtHR case law
-Substantive and procedural aspects of Article 5 ECHR
7.The Right to a Fair Trial
-Nature and scope of application
-Independence and impartiality of the tribunal
-Civil and criminal dimensions
8.The Right to Respect for Private and Family Life
-Concept of privacy and family life
-Evolution of the right and its application to specific situations
9.Freedom of Thought, Conscience and Religion
-Nature and scope of the right
-Manifestation of religion (beliefs, dress, proselytism)
-State neutrality and the relationship between state and religion
10.Freedom of Expression
-Importance and categories of expression
-Scope of protection (content and persons concerned)
-Responsibility and permissible limitations
11.Freedom of Assembly and Association
-Content of both rights; peaceful and spontaneous assemblies
-Associations, trade unions, and political parties
12. Prohibition of Discrimination
-Nature of the prohibition under the Convention
-Differential treatment and types of discrimination
-Practical application of non-discrimination principles
13. The Right to Property
-Content and significance of property rights
-The three rules of property protection under the Convention
-Restrictions and expropriation
14. Protection of Human Rights within the European Union
-Case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union
-The Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union
20/80
a) Knowledge: Upon completion of the course, the student possesses comprehensive knowledge in the field of human rights (fundamental rights), with particular emphasis on the European dimension of these values, including relevant case law of the European Court of Human Rights. The student understands the significance and importance of civil and political rights, as well as the mechanisms governing their application and permissible limitations. The student is also familiar with the principles and procedural rules governing proceedings before the European Court of Human Rights and the United Nations Human Rights Committee, including the relevant jurisprudence of the ECtHR in this field.
b) Skills: The student is able to interpret and apply legal norms relating to human rights and is capable of preparing and analysing legal problems through a human rights perspective, supported by structured and well-reasoned argumentation.
c) Responsibility and Autonomy:
The student is capable of independent critical thinking and of articulating well-founded positions on issues related to human rights (fundamental rights), supported by relevant legal arguments and jurisprudence.
Kuril, M.: International and European Labour Law (selected chapters). Bratislava, VO PF UK, 2009.
Barnard, C. EU Employment Law. Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2012.
Blanpain, R.: European Labour Law, Fourteenth Revised Edition 14th Edition. Alphen aan den Rijn : Kluwer Law & Business, 2014.
Schlachter, M. a kol: EU labour law a commentary. Alphen aan den Rijn: Kluwer Law International, 2015.
Servais, J-M.: International Labour Law, 5th edition. London : Kluwer Law International, 2017.
Humblet,M. - Silva, R.: Standards for the XXIst Century - Social Security. Geneva : ILO, 2002
Pennings, F.J.L: European Social Security Law, 6th edition. London : Intersentia, 2015.
Continuous assessment constitutes 30% of the overall evaluation and consists of active participation in seminars, the resolution of case studies, and the preparation of legal analyses in accordance with the instructor’s assignment.
Final assessment constitutes 70% of the overall evaluation and takes the form of an oral examination, which includes the preparation of a model case and a subsequent oral discussion of its solution.
The grading scale is as follows: A/1 = 91–100%, B/1.5 = 81–90%, C/2 = 73–80%, D/2.5 = 66–72%, E/3 = 60–65%, FX = 0–59%.
During the examination, students may use all available sources of legal information, in particular unannotated legislation, commentaries, case law, legal literature and legal information systems.
English
1. Introduction to International and European Union Labor Law and Social Security Law – sources, principles and fundamental concepts
2. International and European institutions – EU, UN, ILO, Council of Europe
3. Free movement of workers and the protection of social rights
4. Posting of workers and private international labor law
5. European Union anti-discrimination law – fundamental concepts and prohibited grounds of discrimination
6. The principle of equal treatment on grounds of sex and its implementation
7. Atypical forms of work (part-time work, fixed-term employment, temporary agency work)
8. Protection of specific groups of employees (women, young workers, persons with family responsibilities)
9. Working time, paid leave, and occupational health and safety
10. Protection of employees in cases of collective redundancies, transfers of undertakings and employer insolvency
11. Social dialogue and collective labor law
12. Introduction to international and European Union social security law and the coordination of social security systems
13. Revision and systematic review of key legal principles
30/70
Knowledge
Upon completion of the course, the student is able to explain the system, sources and fundamental principles of international labor law, European Union labor law and European Union social security law. The student understands the institutional and law-making framework of the United Nations, the International Labor Organization, the Council of Europe and the European Union in the field of labor law and social security law. The student is able to characterize the legal regulation of the free movement of workers, the posting of workers, European Union anti-discrimination law, atypical forms of work and the protection of employees in specific situations. The student understands the principles governing the coordination of social security systems within the European Union and the relationship between labor law and social security law at the international and European Union levels.
Skills
The student is able to identify and apply the norms of international labor law and European Union labor law and social security law to specific legal situations. The student can analyze a model case in the field of labor law or social security law, determine the relevant legal framework and propose a solution in accordance with applicable international instruments and European Union law. The student is capable of working with the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union and other relevant international judicial or supervisory bodies and using it in legal reasoning. The student is able to formulate a legal issue, address it systematically and defend their conclusions in a professional and structured manner.
Responsibility and Autonomy
The student is capable of independently identifying and critically evaluating international and European Union legal sources in the field of labor law and social security law. In addressing legal issues, the student proceeds systematically and takes into account the broader social and value-based context of the protection of employees and social rights within the European Union. The student is able to formulate a qualified professional opinion and assume responsibility for its substantive and argumentative justification.
MOLITERNO, J. E.: Slovak Comparative Ethics Course Material, 2015
KRONMAN, A. T.: The Lost Lawyer. Harvard Univ. Press, 1995
O´DAIR, R.: Legal Ethics. Cambridge Univ. Press, 2000
BIESEN, Ph. van den: Building on Basic Principles. Leiden: Stichting, 2011
As well as other literature as assigned by the teacher.
On-going evaluation: 50 % (on-going evaluation based on the activities on seminars, case studies and legal analyses)
Final examination: 50 % (oral examination composed of case studies and oral discussion on cases)
Classification scale: A/1 = 91 – 100 %; B/1,5 = 81 – 90 %; C/2 = 73 – 80 %; D/2,5 = 66 – 72 %; E/3 = 60 – 65 %; FX = 0 – 59 %.
Students are allowed to use all accessible sources of legal information, mainly non-commentary laws, commentaries, case law, legal literature and legal information systems.
English
1.Basics of legal ethics
2. Ethical theories and legal ethics
3. Justice, ethics and law
4. Models and ethical norms
5. Human dignity and legal ethics
6. Ethics and professionalism of the legal professions, professional responsibility and professional standards – attorneys I
7. Ethics and professionalism of the legal professions, professional responsibility and professional standards – attorneys II – client-attorney relationship
8. Ethics and professionalism of the legal professions, professional responsibility and professional standards - judges – The Bangalore principles
9. Ethics and professionalism of the legal professions, professional responsibility and professional standards - prosecutors.
10. Ethics and professionalism of the legal professions, professional responsibility and human rights.
11. Professional duties, professional rules and codes of ethics.
12. Professional duties, corruption and the law.
13. Conscience and guilt.
50/50
Knowledge: The student will acquire expert and practical knowledge of legal ethics and the ethical relationships within various legal professions. The course will include practical real-world and hypothetical examples, comparative analyses of ethical codes in different countries, international regulation, and the theory of legal ethics. The student will learn and understand the ethical principles of various legal professions (conflict of interest, duty of confidentiality, relationships between lawyer-lawyer, judge-judge, judge-public, and prosecutor-public).
Students will gain:
An overview of how selected ethical dilemmas have been resolved in practice by the relevant disciplinary panels or ethics committees in Slovakia and abroad;
An opportunity to compare their own proposed solutions;
Insight into the broader context of ethical rules in relation to the principles of the rule of law.
Skills: The student will be able to identify ethical issues that arise in legal practice and address ethical dilemmas faced by attorneys, judges, notaries, prosecutors, government officials, and others. The student will have the ability to independently integrate knowledge, navigate the complexities of ethical analysis, and lead discussions on the resolution of ethical dilemmas. The student will also possess the skills to conduct effective research, search relevant information sources, present their views, and respond to objections during discussions.
Responsibility and independence: The student will be able to creatively apply the principles of legal ethics to practical, real-world, and hypothetical examples and to cases relevant to legal ethics. The student will be able to compare their own proposed solutions with the principles of legal ethics.
Battjes, H.: European Asylum Law and International Law. Boston: Martinus Nijhoff, 2006.
Clayton, G.: Textbook on Immigration and Asylum Law. New York: Oxford University Press, 2012.
Thym, D.: European Migration Law. Oxford: OUP Oxford, 2023.
Tsourdi, E. - De Bruycker, P. (eds.): Research Handbook on EU Migration and Asylum Law. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2022.
Coursework: 100 % (coursework consist of activity of individuals during the seminar, analyses of model situations, and legal analyses according to the task given).
Grading scale: A/1 = 91 – 100 %; B/1,5 = 81 – 90 %; C/2 = 73 – 80 %; D/2,5 = 66 – 72 %; E/3 = 60 – 65 %; FX = 0 – 59 %.
During the exam, students can use all available sources of legal information, mainly legislation, commentaries, case-law, legal literature, and legal information systems.
English
1. Asylum – legal framework
2. The interrelationship between international documents in the field of asylum policy
3. Asylum - refugee law in the light of international case-law
4. Subsidiary protection
5. The entry of aliens into the territory I
6. The entry of aliens into the territory II
7. Schengen
8. Status and Functions of UNHCR in the asylum procedure
9. Visa policy and stays in EU I
10. Visa policy and stays in EU II
11. Expulsion, Detention of Aliens
12. Status of aliens / EU citizens and their family members in the EU Member States in the areaof social security law I
13. Status of aliens / EU citizens and their family members in the EU Member States in the areaof social security law II
100/0
(a) Knowledge:
The student is oriented in the field of immigration and asylum law within the framework of international and European law. The student has a basic overview of the legal regulation of migration, including the concepts of asylum, refugee status, subsidiary protection, visa policy and the legal status of aliens in EU Member States. The student understands the role of international organizations, in particular UNHCR, and the main principles governing migration and asylum policy.
(b) Skills:
The student can solve case studies related to immigration and asylum law and apply relevant international and European legal rules to specific situations concerning migration and international protection. The student is able to analyse legal issues related to entry, stay and expulsion of aliens and to assess the basic conditions for granting asylum or subsidiary protection.
(c) Responsibility and independence:
The student is able to independently assess legal issues arising in the field of migration and international protection and propose appropriate solutions in accordance with the applicable legal framework. Teaching also reflects the requirements of practical application in public administration, judiciary and legal professions.
SCHIPPERS, M. et al Europan Tax Law. Volume II. Wolters Kluwer, 2022., TERRA, Ben;
KAJUS, Julie. A guide to the European VAT Directives. IBFD, 2023., de la Feria, Rita, EU VAT Principles as Interpretative Aids to EU VAT Rules: The Inherent Paradox (December 18, 2015). In M. Lang et al (eds), Recent VAT Case Law of the CJEU (Linde, 2016), Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2718107 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2718107 ,
WATTEL, Peter J.; MARRES, Otto; VERMEULEN, Hein (ed.). Terra/Wattel–European Tax Law: Volume I (Full edition). Kluwer Law International BV, 2018.
LANG, Michael, et al. (ed.). Introduction to European tax law on direct taxation. Spiramus Press Ltd, 2024.,
HELMINEN, Marjaana. EU tax law: direct taxation. 2023,
Benjamin, J.: Financial Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007.
The Principles of International Tax Planning by Roy Sanders (Author), Miles Dean (Author), Richard Williams (Author) and Diana van der Merwe (Author) Basic International Taxation by Roy Rohatgi (Author) Commentaries to OECD Model Tax Convention (OECD) Commentaries to UN Model Tax Convention (UN)
Continuous assessment (50%) – case study solutions, analysis of a double taxation treaty and/or court decision, and/or test questions.
Final assessment (50%) – preparation of a final comprehensive essay and its oral presentation.
Grading scale:: A/1 = 91 – 100 %; B/1,5 = 81 – 90 %; C/2 = 73 – 80 %; D/2,5 = 66 – 72 %; E/3 = 60 – 65 %; FX = 0 – 59 % During examinations, students may use all available sources of legal information, in particular non-annotated legislation, commentaries, case law, legal literature, and legal information systems.
English
1. Introductory seminar (revision of tax law fundamentals, types of taxes, interaction between . accounting and tax law)
2. Direct and indirect harmonisation
3. Principles of international taxation (direct and indirect taxes, BEPS)
4. Introduction to double taxation treaties and different models (structure, material and personal scope, definitions, allocation of taxing rights, OECD Model, UN Model, national models)
5. Determination of residence, dual residence issues, tie-breaker rules
6. Taxation of business profits (permanent establishment, profit attribution, elimination of double taxation)
7. Taxation of income from immovable property, sale of immovable property, sale of shares in real estate companies
8. Taxation of dividends, interest, and royalties
9. Taxation of personal income, non-discrimination issues
10. Combating tax evasion – Exchange of information
11. Combating tax evasion – Administrative cooperation in tax matters, assistance in tax collection
12. Introduction to tax planning and its limits – rules against aggressive tax planning
13. Resolution of tax disputes by mutual agreement – MAP (Mutual Agreement Procedure)
50/50
Learning Outcomes: Upon successful completion of the course, students will gain an overview of international taxation issues and become familiar with the primary sources o
international tax law. Students will understand the structure of double taxation treaties and acquire skills for their practical analysis and application. They will gain knowledge of the taxation of various types of income and learn to correctly apply relevant treaty provisions when solving case studies. Students will also acquire knowledge of tax planning, including legal barriers to aggressive tax planning. They will learn to distinguish between tax planning, aggressive tax planning, and tax evasion. Furthermore, students will gain an overview of measures to combat tax evasion and of the fundamental instruments forming part of the sources of international taxation.
Knowledge: Students will acquire a systematic overview of European Union legislation governing tax law and develop knowledge of international taxation aspects. They will understand the objectives of tax law regulation within the EU context, particularly double taxation treaties, their specific models, judgments concerning tax matters, and instruments for combating tax evasion. Within EU tax law, students will understand the harmonisation of indirect taxes, coordination of direct taxes, and selected aspects of tax dispute resolution.
Skills: Students will be able to analyse legal relationships and prepare expert opinions on practical and simulated cases, effectively applying legal norms to specific situations. They will acquire the ability to identify breaches of legal regulations and propose appropriate and practically feasible solutions. They will develop proficiency in working with legal documents and databases, including searching for and using relevant legislation and precedents. Students will learn to argue and defend their legal positions before professional audiences or in simulated administrative proceedings before authorities in the field of financial law.
Responsibility and Autonomy: Students will develop the ability to independently identify and resolve issues in financial law regulation, reflecting current legislative changes and their practical impact. They will acquire the ability to critically assess the effectiveness of legal regulations and propose improvements consistent with European Union harmonisation requirements. They will be capable of promoting fair and responsible approaches to financial law issues and effectively cooperating in professional teams focused on financial law regulation and related legal aspects. At the same time, they will demonstrate a professional and ethical approach to solving complex financial law regulatory problems, showing a high degree of responsibility and independence in their professional activities.
Murray, A. Information Technology Law. Oxford University Press, 2019.
Bainbridge, D. Introduction to Information Technology Law. Unbranded, 2007.
Lloyd, I. Information Technology Law. Oxford University Press, 2020.
Interim evaluation: elaboration of a comprehensive legal analysis (40%)
Final assessment (60%): case study using uncommented legislation
Grading scale: A/1 = 91-100%; B/1.5 =81-90%; C/2 = 73-80%; D/2.5 = 66-72%; E: 60-65%, Fx: 0-59%.
In the examination, the student may use all available sources of legal information, in particular uncommented legislation, commentaries, case law, legal literature and legal information systems
english
1. Introduction to advanced topics in information technology law.
2. Advanced topics in cybersecurity law (Cyber Resilience Act, Cybersecurity Act, and their revisions in the context of the Digital Omnibus).
3. Advanced topic in the field of public authority in the digital space (e-health, electronic data space, use of AI in public administration).
4. Advanced topics in the field of automated vehicle regulation.
5. Advanced topic in the field of artificial intelligence regulation I. (assessment of the impact on fundamental human rights and freedoms, AI transparency and legal challenges, use of subliminal manipulation)
6. Advanced topic in the field of artificial intelligence regulation II. (red lines in AI regulation, protection of democracy and AI)
7. Advanced topic in the field of privacy and personal data protection regulation I. (profiling, recommendation systems, and social media)
8.Advanced topic in the field of privacy and personal data protection regulation II. (protection of minors from the perspective of relevant legislation)
9. Software and copyright.
10. Domain names and domain disputes.
11. Unitary patent law.
12. Liability and copyright infringement on digital platforms.
13. Case study in information and communication technology law
100/0
A) Knowledge: the student has a systematic overview and advanced orientation in selected areas of information and communication technology law.
B) Skills: The student can solve more complex case studies focused on the regulation of the digital space, and can apply European Union law and national legal order to the online space.
C) Responsibility and autonomy: The student is able to provide more complex recommendations on the institutes of regulation of the digital space.
SCHIPPERS, M. et al Europan Tax Law. Volume II. Wolters Kluwer, 2022.,
TERRA, Ben; KAJUS, Julie. A guide to the European VAT Directives. IBFD, 2023.,
de la Feria, Rita, EU VAT Principles as Interpretative Aids to EU VAT Rules: The Inherent Paradox (December 18, 2015).
In M. Lang et al (eds), Recent VAT Case Law of the CJEU (Linde, 2016), Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2718107 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2718107 , WATTEL, Peter J.;
MARRES, Otto; VERMEULEN, Hein (ed.). Terra/Wattel–European Tax Law: Volume I (Full edition). Kluwer Law International BV, 2018.
LANG, Michael, et al. (ed.). Introduction to European tax law on direct taxation. Spiramus Press Ltd, 2024.,
HELMINEN, Marjaana. EU tax law: direct taxation. 2023, Benjamin, J.: Financial Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007. De Haan,
J., Oosterloo, S., Schoenmaker, D.: European financial markets and institutions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012.
Elliot, D. J.: Key Issues on European Banking Union. Trade-Offs and Some Recommendations. Washingtion D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 2012,
Wymeersch, E., Hopt, K. J., Ferrarini, G.: Financial Regulation and Supervision. A post-crisis analysis. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012, Adams, D.: Banking and Capital Markets. Guildford: College of Law Publishing, 2014,
ZETZSCHE et al, Regulating a Revolution: From Regulatory Sandboxes to Smart Regulation. In Fordham Journal of Corporate & Financial Law. 2017, č. 31.
WOLF GEORG, R., RUOF, CH. Regulating Fintech in the EU: the Case for a Guided Sandbox.” In European Journal of Risk Regulation
Continuous Assessment: Continuous assessment consists of participation in seminars, the preparation of case studies, and legal analyses as assigned (50%)
Final Assessment: Written examination – 50%
Grading Scale: A/1 = 91 – 100 %; B/1,5 = 81 – 90 %; C/2 = 73 – 80 %; D/2,5 = 66 –72 %; E/3 = 60 – 65 %; FX = 0 – 59 %.
The course is taught and examined using unannotated legal regulations.
english
1) General Budget of the EU
2) Funds Management in the EU
3) EU Monetary Law
4) EU Customs Law
5) Fundamentals of EU Tax Law
6) Legislative Framework for Tax Harmonisation in the EU
7) Direct Taxes in the EU
8) Indirect Taxes in the EU
9) Legal Regulation of the Provision of Financial Services in the EU
10) Legal Status of Selected Regulated Entities in the EU Financial Market
11) The Single Market for Financial Services and Its Legal Foundations in the EU
12) Rights and Obligations of Financial Market Participants under EU Law
13) Legal Framework for Innovation in the EU Financial Market
50/50
Upon successful completion of the course, the student will gain an overview of the legal aspects of financial law, enabling them to analyse legal regulations and practically apply the acquired knowledge. The acquired competences include an interdisciplinary perspective on the subject matter, the ability to work with legal norms, solve practical cases, and demonstrate a professional and ethical approach to problem-solving in the field of financial law.
Knowledge:
The student will acquire a systematic overview of the legal regulations of the European Union governing financial law and will gain knowledge of regulatory and supervisory mechanisms at the EU level. They will understand the objectives of financial market regulation in EU law, particularly ensuring transparency and stability of the financial system and supporting the proper functioning of the internal market. In the field of EU public finance law, the student will acquire knowledge of EU budgetary law, especially the legal framework governing the preparation, adoption, and control of the EU budget. Within EU tax law, the student will understand the harmonisation of indirect taxes and the coordination of direct taxes. They will also become familiar with the fundamentals of EU customs law, in particular the legal regulation of the customs union, the Common Customs Tariff, customs supervision, and the movement of goods between Member States and in relation to third countries. In the field of EU monetary law, the student will understand the legal framework of the Economic and Monetary Union, the position of the European Central Bank, the rules governing the functioning of the euro area, and the coordination of the economic policies of the Member States.
Skills:
The student will be able to analyse legal relationships and prepare expert opinions on practical as well as simulated cases, effectively applying legal norms to specific situations. They will acquire the ability to identify breaches of legal regulations and propose appropriate solutions, with an emphasis on their practical feasibility. The student will master working with legal documents and databases and will be able to search for and use relevant legislation and precedents. They will develop the ability to argue and defend their legal positions, either before a professional audience or in simulated administrative proceedings before authorities operating in the field of financial law.
Responsibility and Autonomy: The student will develop the ability to independently identify and resolve issues related to the regulation of financial law, while reflecting on current legislative developments and their impact on practice. They will gain the skill to critically assess the effectiveness of legal regulations and propose improvements in line with the harmonisation of European Union legislation. The student will be able to promote fair and responsible approaches in addressing issues of financial law and to cooperate effectively within professional teams focused on its regulation and related legal aspects. At the same time, they will demonstrate a professional and ethical approach to solving complex problems connected with financial law regulation, thereby showing a high level of responsibility and autonomy in their professional activities.
Course workload: 75-90 hours (6-7 hours per week)
Contact teaching: 26 hours (2 hours per week)
Self-study: 4-5 hours per week
Calster, V.G.: EU Environmental law (Elgar, 2017).
Carlarne, C. P., Gray, K. R., Tarasofsky, R.: The Oxford Handbook of International Climate Change Law, (Oxford: OUP, 2016).
Philander, S. G.: Encyclopedia of global warming and climate change. Second edition. (SAGE: 2013).
Klein, D. a kol.: The Paris agreement on Climate Change. Analysis and Commentary. (Oxford University Press, 2017).
Luterbacher, U., Sprinz, D .F.: International relations and global climate change. (Cambridge, 2001).
Selected magazine literature (Judicial review, Czech environmental law),
Legal regulations (international agreements, legal regulations of the European Union and legal regulations of the Slovak Republic).
Continuous assessment: oral presentation 50%, essay 50%
Final assessment:
Classification scale: A/1 = 91 – 100%; B/1.5 = 81-90%; C/2 = 73-80%; D/2.5 = 66-72%; E/3 = 60-65%; FX = 0-59%.
During the examination, the student can use all available sources of legal information, especially uncommented legal regulations, commentaries, jurisprudence, legal literature and legal information systems.
English
1) Introduction to the EU legal order.
2) Introduction to the issue of EU environmental law.
3) Legal regulation of nature and landscape protection.
4) Legal regulation of air protection and the Earth's ozone layer.
5) Legal regulation of the fight against climate change.
6) Legal regulation of water protection.
7) Legal regulation of land care.
8) Legal regulation of the circular economy and waste management.
9) Legal regulation of genetic technologies and genetically modified organisms.
10) Legal regulation of health and environmental protection.
11) Legal regulation of environmental impact assessment (EIA) and conceptual document assessment (SEA).
12) Legal regulation of integrated pollution prevention and reduction.
13) Legal regulation of the peaceful use of nuclear energy.
14) Selected decision-making processes in the field of the environment and responsibility for the environment.
100/0
Learning outcomes:
By completing the subject, the student will gain knowledge about the applicable law of the European Union and about the legal aspects of the approximation of the legal regulation of the Slovak Republic to the law of the European Union, and will also gain an overview of the current state regarding the achieved degree of harmonization of the national legal order with the law of the European Union in the field of environmental care, respectively individual topics from this area.
Knowledge: the student will acquire a systematic overview of individual selected areas falling within the field of environmental care, specifically he will acquire knowledge of the legislation of the European Union and the legislation of the Slovak Republic in the given areas falling within the field of environmental care.
Skills: the student can identify the most important legal regulations from the law of the European Union and the national regulation of Slovakia in selected areas falling into the field of environmental care.
Responsibility and independence: the student can identify the basic legal instruments for environmental care, can describe the basic environmental problems faced by the European Union and the Slovak Republic, and can identify how the Slovak Republic has transposed selected European Union legislation into the national legal order.
Recommended literature for the course taught in Slovak:
Motta, M. 2004. Competition Policy. Theory and Practice. Cambridge University Press, 2004. Bishop, S. – Walker, C. 2010. The Economics of EC Competition Law: Concepts, Application and Measurement. Sweet & Maxwell, 3. Vydanie, 2010.
Zákony o ochrane hospodárskej súťaže SR, odporúčania a nariadenia týkajúce sa hospodárskej súťaže EÚ.
Eucken, W. 2004. Zásady hospodářského řádu. Praha: Liberální nstitut, 2004. ISBN 80-86389-32-4.
Whish, R., Bailey, D. Competition Law. Oxford University Press, 2024.
Sufrin, B., Dunne, N.,Jones A. Jones & Sufrin's EU Competition Law. Text, Cases & Materials. Oxford University Press, 2023.
Recommended literature for the course taught in English:
Motta, M. 2004. Competition Policy. Theory and Practice. Cambridge University Press, 2004. Bishop, S. – Walker, C. 2010. The Economics of EC Competition Law: Concepts, Application and Measurement. Sweet & Maxwell, 3. Vydanie, 2010.
Whish, R., Bailey, D. Competition Law. Oxford University Press, 2024.
Sufrin, B., Dunne, N.,Jones A. Jones & Sufrin's EU Competition Law. Text, Cases & Materials. Oxford University Press, 2023.
Continuous assessment: Completion of a practical assignment or assignments (e.g., drafting submissions, judgments, etc.) and participation in professional discussions during seminars (50%).
Final assessment: Oral examination including the resolution of a case study and theoretical questions (50%).
Grading scale: A/1 = 91–100%; B/1.5 = 81–90%; C/2 = 73–80%; D/2.5 = 66–72%; E/3 = 60–65%; FX = 0–59%.
During the examination, students may use non-annotated legal texts.
Slovak, English
The course is taught alternatively in Slovak (within study programmes delivered in the Slovak language) or in English (within study programmes delivered in the English language).
1. The essence, objectives and importance of competition policy, economic and legal aspects.
The essence, tasks, objectives and importance of competition policy as an important segment of economic policy. The main elements of EU competition law and competition law in Slovakia.
2. Basic concepts of competition law: enterprise/entrepreneur, customer/consumer, definition of the market and evaluation of market power – product and geographical market, relevant market.
3. Restrictive agreements and collusive behaviour: concept and prohibition
4. Exemptions from the prohibition of anti-competitive agreements
5. Associated restrictions, de minimis, NAAT
6. Abuse of a dominant position, definition and prohibition
7. Predatory pricing and other practices that abuse dominant positions. Non-price practices leading to monopolisation. Price discrimination.
8. Permissible and impermissible behaviour of a dominant enterprise
9. Merger control
10. Services of general economic interest and state aid
11. Services of general economic interest and state aid II
12. Process tools for the application of competition rules
13. Consequences of breaching competition rules
50/50
a) Knowledge:
The student possesses theoretical and practical knowledge in the field of competition and antitrust policy, is able to explain the necessity of protecting economic competition, identify issues of unlawful restriction of competition, and provide practical examples of competition law infringements in Slovakia and in the EU. The student is familiar with EU and Slovak legal regulations in the area of competition law and is able to apply them to specific cases. In addition to primary and secondary EU law and Slovak legislation, the student is also familiar with soft law and case law. The student has knowledge of both substantive and procedural rules.
b) Skills:
The student is able to apply EU and Slovak competition law rules, including in more complex cases, provide alternative solutions, and support their arguments with legal provisions and case law. The student is capable of preparing a legal analysis of a case, a legal opinion, as well as a draft of a reasoned authoritative decision.
c) Responsibility and decision-making:
The student is able to identify relevant case law and rules related to specific competition law issues, even in seemingly contradictory situations, and to confirm or refute presented arguments.
Teaching also reflects the requirements of practical application in the fields of judiciary, prosecution, and legal professions supervised by the Ministry of Justice of the Slovak Republic.
HEGYI OZORÁKOVÁ, L. Konanie pred Medzinárodným trestným súdom - praktická príručka. - 1. vyd. – Bratislava : Univerzita Komenského v Bratislave, Právnická fakulta, 2024. – 48 s. 978-80-7160-725-0
MAREČEK, Lukáš: Medzinárodné trestné právo a jeho implementácia v slovenskom právnom poriadku. Bratislava: Právnická fakulta Univerzity Komenského v Bratislave, 2025, 266 s.
MAREČEK,L., SVÁK, K., GOLOVKO, L. Medzinárodné právo verejné a úvod do verejného medzinárodného práva, 1. vydanie. Bratislava : Wolters Kluwer SR s. r. o., 2024, 972 s.
CASSESE, A. Cassese's International Law, Oxford: OUP, 2020, 616 s.
Continuous assessment: 100% submission of the team’s written competition memorial
Final assessment: –
Grading scale: A / 1 = 91–100%
B / 1.5 = 81–90%
C / 2 = 73–80%
D / 2.5 = 66–72%
E / 3 = 60–65%
FX = 0–59%
The student may use all available sources of legal information, in particular non-annotated legal
regulations, commentaries, case law, legal literature, and legal information systems.
English
Enrolment in the course is conditional upon the successful completion of a selection procedure.
- Fundamentals of drafting legal written submissions – structure, format, and style.
- Techniques for identifying and selecting relevant legal arguments and sources of law.
- Analysis and interpretation of international and European legal norms.
- Practical drafting of written submissions.
100/0
Moot Court in the Field of International Law – Written Round is a course within which a team of students of the Faculty of Law participates in international competitive simulated court proceedings in the field of international law in the English/French language. Through simulated proceedings before international judicial bodies (e.g. the International Court of Justice, the International Criminal Court, international arbitral tribunals, etc.), students develop their skills in legal analysis, written expression, and written and oral argumentation. These include, in particular, international competitions such as the IBA International Criminal Court Moot Court Competition, the Telders Moot Competition, the Philip C. Jessup International Law Moot Court Competition, the Willem C. Vis International Commercial Arbitration Moot, and others.
Learning outcomes: The student will be able to:
- apply knowledge of international law in resolving a competitive simulated legal dispute,
- prepare a professional written submission in accordance with the rules of the respective competition,
- effectively argue on the basis of legal analysis, case law, and relevant sources of law.
Knowledge: The student will acquire knowledge of:
- Functioning of international judicial bodies: understanding the structure, jurisdiction, and procedural rules of international judicial institutions (e.g. the International Court of Justice, the International Criminal Court, international arbitral tribunals, etc.),
- Sources of law: ability to work with international treaties, case law, and general principles of law (public international law, international criminal law, international arbitration, etc.),
- Interpretation of law: understanding how international judicial bodies interpret legal norms and how legal argumentation is developed in the international context,
- Argumentation: mastery of basic techniques for persuasive and professional legal argumentation in written submissions.
Skills: The student will be able to:
- analyse complex legal problems with an international law dimension,
- identify key legal issues and relevant sources of law for their resolution,
- draft legal submissions in accordance with the procedural requirements of international judicial bodies,
- work with legal databases, case law, and secondary literature at an advanced level.
Responsibility and autonomy: The student will demonstrate:
- the ability to work independently on a complex legal task within a set timeframe,
- a responsible approach to the quality, accuracy, and professionalism of their written output,
- openness to professional feedback and the ability to reflect it in further work.
HEGYI OZORÁKOVÁ, L. Konanie pred Medzinárodným trestným súdom - praktická príručka. - 1. vyd. – Bratislava : Univerzita Komenského v Bratislave, Právnická fakulta, 2024. – 48 s. 978-80-7160-725-0
MAREČEK, Lukáš: Medzinárodné trestné právo a jeho implementácia v slovenskom právnom poriadku. Bratislava: Právnická fakulta Univerzity Komenského v Bratislave, 2025, 266 s.
MAREČEK,L., SVÁK, K., GOLOVKO, L. Medzinárodné právo verejné a úvod do verejného medzinárodného práva, 1. vydanie. Bratislava : Wolters Kluwer SR s. r. o., 2024, 972 s.
CASSESE, A. Cassese's International Law, Oxford: OUP, 2020, 616 s.
Continuous assessment: 100% submission of the team’s written competition memorial
Final assessment: –
Grading scale:A / 1 = 91–100%
B / 1.5 = 81–90%
C / 2 = 73–80%
D / 2.5 = 66–72%
E / 3 = 60–65%
FX = 0–59%
The student may use all available sources of legal information, in particular non-annotated legal regulations, commentaries, case law, legal literature, and legal information systems.
english
Enrollment in the course is conditional upon successfully passing the selection process.
· Basics of drafting legal written submissions – structure, format, and style
· Techniques for identifying and selecting relevant legal arguments and sources
· Analysis and interpretation of international and European legal norms
· Practical drafting of written submissions
100/0
Moot Court in International Law – Written Round is a course in which a team of students from the Faculty of Law participates in international moot court competitions in the field of international law conducted in English/French. Through simulated proceedings before international judicial bodies (e.g. the International Court of Justice, the International Criminal Court, international arbitral tribunals, etc.), students develop skills in legal analysis, written expression, and both written and oral advocacy.
The course primarily involves participation in international competitions such as the IBA International Criminal Court Moot Court Competition, the Telders Moot Court Competition, the Philip C. Jessup International Law Moot Court Competition, the Willem C. Vis International Commercial Arbitration Moot, and others.
Learning outcomes: The student will be able to:
· apply knowledge of European law to resolve a simulated competition dispute
· prepare a professional written submission in accordance with the rules of a specific competition
· argue effectively based on legal analysis, case law, and relevant legal sources
Knowledge: The student will acquire knowledge of:
· Functioning of European judicial bodies: structure, competences, and procedural rules of European courts (e.g. the International Court of Justice, the international Criminal Court)
· Sources of law: ability to work with international treaties, case law, and general principles of law (PIL, IHL etc.)
· Interpretation of law: understanding how international courts interpret legal norms and how legal reasoning is constructed in the European context
· Argumentation: mastery of fundamental techniques of persuasive and professional legal
argumentation in written submissions
Skills: The student will be able to:
· analyse complex legal problems with an international law dimension
· identify key legal issues and relevant sources of law
· draft legal submissions meeting the procedural requirements of International judicial bodies
· work with legal databases, case law, and secondary literature at an advanced level
Responsibility and autonomy: The student will demonstrate: · ability to work independently on complex legal tasks within set deadlines · responsible approach to quality, accuracy, and professionalism of written output · openness to expert feedback and the ability to incorporate it into further work
CRAIG, P., DE BÚRCA, G. EU Law. Text, cases and materials. Oxford: OUP, 2020.
BARNARD, C. The Substantive Law of the EU. Cambridge: CUP, 202, 744 p.
International Law Moot Court – written round, competition
Continuous assessment: 100% submission of the team’s written competition memorial
Final assessment: –Grading scale: A / 1 = 91–100%
B / 1.5 = 81–90%
C / 2 = 73–80%
D / 2.5 = 66–72%
E / 3 = 60–65%, FX = 0–59%
The student may use all available sources of legal information, in particular non-annotated legal regulations, commentaries, case law, legal literature, and legal information systems.
english
Enrollment in the course is conditional upon successfully passing the selection process.
Preparation of oral submissions: Structure and logic of oral argumentation based on written memorials; selection and emphasis of the most important arguments - Rhetoric and verbal communication: Techniques of clear and persuasive delivery (intonation, pace, articulation); non-verbal communication (gestures, posture, eye contact); managing emphasis and emotional expression in advocacy - Conduct of oral proceedings and responding to the court: Anticipating potential questions based on written submissions and oral arguments; providing effective answers to judicial questions; managing stress and maintaining control over timing and pace of speech; refining argumentation and advocacy performance; discussion of best practices in oral rounds
100/0
Moot Court in International Law – Written Round is a course in which a team of students from the Faculty of Law participates in international moot court competitions in the field of international law conducted in English/French. Through simulated proceedings before international judicial bodies (e.g. the International Court of Justice, the International Criminal Court, international arbitral tribunals, etc.), students develop skills in legal analysis, written expression, and both written and oral advocacy.
The course primarily involves participation in international competitions such as the IBA International Criminal Court Moot Court Competition, the Telders Moot Court Competition, the Philip C. Jessup International Law Moot Court Competition, the Willem C. Vis International Commercial Arbitration Moot, and others.
Learning outcomes: The student will be able to:
· apply knowledge of European law to resolve a simulated competition dispute
· prepare a professional written submission in accordance with the rules of a specific competition
· argue effectively based on legal analysis, case law, and relevant legal sources
Knowledge: The student will acquire knowledge of:
· Functioning of European judicial bodies: structure, competences, and procedural rules of European courts (e.g. the International Court of Justice, the international Criminal Court)
· Sources of law: ability to work with international treaties, case law, and general principles of law (PIL, IHL etc.)
· Interpretation of law: understanding how international courts interpret legal norms and how legal reasoning is constructed in the European context
· Argumentation: mastery of fundamental techniques of persuasive and professional legal argumentation in written submissions
Skills: The student will be able to:
· analyse complex legal problems with an international law dimension
· identify key legal issues and relevant sources of law
· draft legal submissions meeting the procedural requirements of International judicial bodies
· work with legal databases, case law, and secondary literature at an advanced level
Responsibility and autonomy: The student will demonstrate: · ability to work independently on complex legal tasks within set deadlines · responsible approach to quality, accuracy, and professionalism of written output · openness to expert feedback and the ability to incorporate it into further work
CRAIG, P., DE BÚRCA, G. EU Law. Text, cases and materials. Oxford: OUP, 2020.
BARNARD, C. The Substantive Law of the EU. Cambridge: CUP, 202, 744 p.
International Law Moot Court – written round, competition
Continuous assessment: 100% submission of the team’s written competition memorial
Final assessment: – Grading scale: A / 1 = 91–100%
B / 1.5 = 81–90%
C / 2 = 73–80%
D / 2.5 = 66–72%
E / 3 = 60–65%
FX = 0–59%
The student may use all available sources of legal information, in particular non-annotated legal regulations, commentaries, case law, legal literature, and legal information systems.
english
Enrollment in the course is conditional upon successfully passing the selection process.
- Preparation of oral submissions: Structure and logic of oral argumentation based on written memorials; selection and emphasis of the most important arguments
- Rhetoric and verbal communication: Techniques of clear and persuasive delivery (intonation, pace, articulation); non-verbal communication (gestures, posture, eye contact); managing emphasis and emotional expression in advocacy
- Conduct of oral proceedings and responding to the court: Anticipating potential questions based on written submissions and oral arguments; providing effective answers to judicial questions; managing stress and maintaining control over timing and pace of speech; refining argumentation and advocacy performance; discussion of best practices in oral rounds
100/0
Moot Court in International Law – Written Round is a course in which a team of students from the Faculty of Law participates in international moot court competitions in the field of international law conducted in English/French. Through simulated proceedings before international judicial bodies (e.g. the International Court of Justice, the International Criminal Court, international arbitral tribunals, etc.), students develop skills in legal analysis, written expression, and both written and oral advocacy.
The course primarily involves participation in international competitions such as the IBA International Criminal Court Moot Court Competition, the Telders Moot Court Competition, the Philip C. Jessup International Law Moot Court Competition, the Willem C. Vis International Commercial Arbitration Moot, and others.
Learning outcomes: The student will be able to:
· apply knowledge of European law to resolve a simulated competition dispute
· prepare a professional written submission in accordance with the rules of a specific competition
· argue effectively based on legal analysis, case law, and relevant legal sources
Knowledge: The student will acquire knowledge of:
· Functioning of European judicial bodies: structure, competences, and procedural rules of European courts (e.g. the International Court of Justice, the international Criminal Court)
· Sources of law: ability to work with international treaties, case law, and general principles of law (PIL, IHL etc.)
· Interpretation of law: understanding how international courts interpret legal norms and how legal reasoning is constructed in the European context
· Argumentation: mastery of fundamental techniques of persuasive and professional legal argumentation in written submissions
Skills: The student will be able to:
· analyse complex legal problems with an international law dimension
· identify key legal issues and relevant sources of law
· draft legal submissions meeting the procedural requirements of International judicial bodies
· work with legal databases, case law, and secondary literature at an advanced level
Responsibility and autonomy: The student will demonstrate: · ability to work independently on complex legal tasks within set deadlines · responsible approach to quality, accuracy, and professionalism of written output · openness to expert feedback and the ability to incorporate it into further work
CRAIG, P., DE BÚRCA, G. EU Law. Text, cases and materials. Oxford: OUP, 2020.
BARNARD, C. The Substantive Law of the EU. Cambridge: CUP, 202, 744 p.
European Law Moot Court – written round, competition
Continuous assessment: 100% submission of the team’s written competition memorial
Final assessment: –Grading scale: A / 1 = 91–100%
B / 1.5 = 81–90%
C / 2 = 73–80%
D / 2.5 = 66–72%
E / 3 = 60–65%
FX = 0–59%
The student may use all available sources of legal information, in particular non-annotated legal regulations, commentaries, case law, legal literature, and legal information systems.
english
Enrollment in the course is conditional upon successfully passing the selection process.
- Preparation of oral submissions: Structure and logic of oral argumentation based on written memorials; selection and emphasis of the most important arguments
- Rhetoric and verbal communication: Techniques of clear and persuasive delivery (intonation, pace, articulation); non-verbal communication (gestures, posture, eye contact); managing emphasis and emotional expression in advocacy
- Conduct of oral proceedings and responding to the court: Anticipating potential questions based on written submissions and oral arguments; providing effective answers to judicial questions; managing stress and maintaining control over timing and pace of speech; refining argumentation and advocacy performance; discussion of best practices in oral rounds
100/0
Moot Court in European Law – Oral Round is a course in which a team of students from the Faculty of Law participates in international moot court competitions in the field of European law conducted in English/French. Through simulated proceedings before European judicial bodies (e.g. the Court of Justice of the European Union, the European Court of Human Rights, etc.), students develop skills in legal analysis, written expression, and both written and oral advocacy. The course primarily involves participation in international competitions such as the Central and Eastern European Moot Court Competition, the Helga Pedersen Moot Court Competition, the European Law Moot Court Competition, and others.
Learning outcomes: The student will be able to:
· apply knowledge from relevant areas of European law in the oral resolution of a simulated legal dispute,
· present legal arguments effectively and persuasively before a simulated court,
· respond to questions from the court based on the submitted written memorial, case law, and relevant sources of law.
Knowledge: The student will acquire knowledge of:
· the functioning of international and European judicial institutions, their structure, competences, and rules governing oral proceedings,
· techniques of legal reasoning and argumentation, as well as the principles of persuasive oral advocacy and courtroom communication; the student will also gain a foundation in courtroom rhetoric.
Skills: the student will be able to:
· prepare and present well-founded and structured oral legal arguments,
· analyse legal problems in an oral format, with emphasis on key issues and arguments,
· respond flexibly to questions from the court and to the opposing party’s arguments in rebuttal and surrebuttal.
Responsibility and autonomy: The student will demonstrate:
· the ability to prepare independently and perform in oral proceedings within a set time frame,
· a responsible approach to accuracy and professionalism in verbal expression,
· openness to expert feedback and the ability to incorporate it into subsequent oral presentations.
CRAIG, P., DE BÚRCA, G. EU Law. Text, cases and materials. Oxford: OUP, 2020.
BARNARD, C. The Substantive Law of the EU. Cambridge: CUP, 202, 744 p.
European Law Moot Court – written round, competition
Continuous assessment: 100% submission of the team’s written competition memorial
Final assessment: –Grading scale: A / 1 = 91–100%
B / 1.5 = 81–90%
C / 2 = 73–80%
D / 2.5 = 66–72%
E / 3 = 60–65%
FX = 0–59%
The student may use all available sources of legal information, in particular non-annotated legal regulations, commentaries, case law, legal literature, and legal information systems.
english
Enrollment in the course is conditional upon successfully passing the selection process.
- Preparation of oral submissions: Structure and logic of oral argumentation based on written memorials; selection and emphasis of the most important arguments
- Rhetoric and verbal communication: Techniques of clear and persuasive delivery (intonation, pace, articulation); non-verbal communication (gestures, posture, eye contact); managing emphasis and emotional expression in advocacy
- Conduct of oral proceedings and responding to the court: Anticipating potential questions based on written submissions and oral arguments; providing effective answers to judicial questions; managing stress and maintaining control over timing and pace of speech; refining argumentation and advocacy performance; discussion of best practices in oral rounds
Moot Court in European Law – Oral Round is a course in which a team of students from the Faculty of Law participates in international moot court competitions in the field of European law conducted in English/French. Through simulated proceedings before European judicial bodies (e.g. the Court of Justice of the European Union, the European Court of Human Rights, etc.), students develop skills in legal analysis, written expression, and both written and oral advocacy. The course primarily involves participation in international competitions such as the Central and Eastern European Moot Court Competition, the Helga Pedersen Moot Court Competition, the European Law Moot Court Competition, and others.
Learning outcomes: The student will be able to:
· apply knowledge from relevant areas of European law in the oral resolution of a simulated legal dispute,
· present legal arguments effectively and persuasively before a simulated court,
· respond to questions from the court based on the submitted written memorial, case law, and relevant sources of law.
Knowledge: The student will acquire knowledge of:
· the functioning of international and European judicial institutions, their structure, competences, and rules governing oral proceedings,
· techniques of legal reasoning and argumentation, as well as the principles of persuasive oral advocacy and courtroom communication; the student will also gain a foundation in courtroom rhetoric.
Skills: the student will be able to:
· prepare and present well-founded and structured oral legal arguments,
· analyse legal problems in an oral format, with emphasis on key issues and arguments,
· respond flexibly to questions from the court and to the opposing party’s arguments in rebuttal and surrebuttal.
Responsibility and autonomy: The student will demonstrate:
· the ability to prepare independently and perform in oral proceedings within a set time frame,
· a responsible approach to accuracy and professionalism in verbal expression,
· openness to expert feedback and the ability to incorporate it into subsequent oral presentations.
Craig, P., De Búrca, G. EU Law: Text, Cases and Materials. Oxford: OUP, 2020.
Barnard, C. The Substantive Law of the EU. Cambridge: CUP, 2020, 744 pp.
Continuous assessment: 100% submission of the team’s written competition memorial
Final assessment: –
Grading scale: A / 1 = 91–100%
B / 1.5 = 81–90%
C / 2 = 73–80%
D / 2.5 = 66–72%
E / 3 = 60–65%
FX = 0–59%
The student may use all available sources of legal information, in particular non-annotated legal regulations, commentaries, case law, legal literature, and legal information systems.
Enrollment in the course is conditional upon successfully passing the selection process.
· Basics of drafting legal written submissions – structure, format, and style
· Techniques for identifying and selecting relevant legal arguments and sources
· Analysis and interpretation of international and European legal norms
· Practical drafting of written submissions
100/0
The Moot Court in European Law – Written Round is a course in which a team of students from the Faculty of Law participates in international moot court competitions in the field of European law conducted in English/French. Through simulated proceedings before European judicial bodies (e.g. the Court of Justice of the EU, the European Court of Human Rights, etc.), students develop skills in legal analysis, written expression, and both written and oral advocacy. The course primarily involves participation in international competitions such as the Central and Eastern European Moot Court Competition, the Helga Pedersen Moot Court Competition, the European Law Moot Court Competition, and others.
Learning outcomes: The student will be able to:
· apply knowledge of European law to resolve a simulated competition dispute
· prepare a professional written submission in accordance with the rules of a specific competition
· argue effectively based on legal analysis, case law, and relevant legal sources
Knowledge: The student will acquire knowledge of:
· Functioning of European judicial bodies: structure, competences, and procedural rules of European courts (e.g. the Court of Justice of the EU, the European Court of Human Rights)
· Sources of law: ability to work with international treaties, case law, and general principles of law (EU law, the European Convention on Human Rights, etc.)
· Interpretation of law: understanding how European courts interpret legal norms and how legal reasoning is constructed in the European context
· Argumentation: mastery of fundamental techniques of persuasive and professional legal argumentation in written submissions
Skills: The student will be able to:
· analyse complex legal problems with a European law dimension
· identify key legal issues and relevant sources of law
· draft legal submissions meeting the procedural requirements of European judicial bodies
· work with legal databases, case law, and secondary literature at an advanced level
Responsibility and autonomy: The student will demonstrate:
· ability to work independently on complex legal tasks within set deadlines
· responsible approach to quality, accuracy, and professionalism of written output
· openness to expert feedback and the ability to incorporate it into further work
Craig, P., De Búrca, G. EU Law: Text, Cases and Materials. Oxford: OUP, 2020.
Barnard, C. The Substantive Law of the EU. Cambridge: CUP, 2020, 744 pp.
Continuous assessment: 100% submission of the team’s written competition memorial
Final assessment: –
Grading scale: A / 1 = 91–100%
B / 1.5 = 81–90%
C / 2 = 73–80%
D / 2.5 = 66–72%
E / 3 = 60–65%
FX = 0–59%
The student may use all available sources of legal information, in particular non-annotated legal regulations, commentaries, case law, legal literature, and legal information systems.
english
Enrollment in the course is conditional upon successfully passing the selection process.
· Basics of drafting legal written submissions – structure, format, and style
· Techniques for identifying and selecting relevant legal arguments and sources
· Analysis and interpretation of international and European legal norms
· Practical drafting of written submissions
100/0
The Moot Court in European Law – Written Round is a course in which a team of students from the Faculty of Law participates in international moot court competitions in the field of European law conducted in English/French. Through simulated proceedings before European judicial bodies (e.g. the Court of Justice of the EU, the European Court of Human Rights, etc.), students develop skills in legal analysis, written expression, and both written and oral advocacy. The course primarily involves participation in international competitions such as the Central and Eastern European Moot Court Competition, the Helga Pedersen Moot Court Competition, the European Law Moot Court Competition, and others.
Learning outcomes: The student will be able to:
· apply knowledge of European law to resolve a simulated competition dispute
· prepare a professional written submission in accordance with the rules of a specific competition
· argue effectively based on legal analysis, case law, and relevant legal sources
Knowledge: The student will acquire knowledge of:
· Functioning of European judicial bodies: structure, competences, and procedural rules of European courts (e.g. the Court of Justice of the EU, the European Court of Human Rights)
· Sources of law: ability to work with international treaties, case law, and general principles of law (EU law, the European Convention on Human Rights, etc.)
· Interpretation of law: understanding how European courts interpret legal norms and how legal reasoning is constructed in the European context
· Argumentation: mastery of fundamental techniques of persuasive and professional legal argumentation in written submissions
Skills: The student will be able to:
· analyse complex legal problems with a European law dimension
· identify key legal issues and relevant sources of law
· draft legal submissions meeting the procedural requirements of European judicial bodies
· work with legal databases, case law, and secondary literature at an advanced level
Responsibility and autonomy: The student will demonstrate:
· ability to work independently on complex legal tasks within set deadlines
· responsible approach to quality, accuracy, and professionalism of written output
· openness to expert feedback and the ability to incorporate it into further work
Barnard, C. : The Substantive Law of the EU The Four Freedoms. Oxford University Press, 2022.
Vivien Rose, V.—Bailey, D.: Bellamy and Child: European Union Law of Competition, Oxford University Press, 2013.
Ashiagbor, D. – Countouris , N. – Lianos, I.: The European Union after the Treaty of Lisbon.
Cambridge University Press, 2012.
Lenaerts, K. – Van Nuffel,P.: European Union Law, Third Edition, Londýn, Sweet and Maxwell, 2011.
Craig,P. – de Búrca, G. :EU LAW, Text, Cases, and Materials. Eight Edition. 2024, New York, Oxford University Press.
Woods, L. – Watson, P.: Steiner & Woods EU Law, Oxford University Press, 2017
Chalmers, D. – Davies, G.— Monti, G.: European Union Law, Cambridge University Press, 2024.
Weatherill, S.: Cases and Materials on EU law. Oxford University Press, 2016
Continuous assessment: Completion of a practical assignment or assignments (e.g., drafting submissions, judgments, etc.) and participation in professional discussions during seminars (50%).
Final assessment: Oral examination including the resolution of a case study and theoretical questions (50%).
Grading scale: A/1 = 91–100%; B/1.5 = 81–90%; C/2 = 73–80%; D/2.5 = 66–72%; E/3 = 60–65%; FX = 0–59%.
During the examination, students may use non-annotated legal texts.
Slovak, English
The course is taught alternatively in Slovak (within study programmes delivered in the Slovak language) or in English (within study programmes delivered in the English language).
1. The internal market of the EU. The concept and context in relation to third countries. The European Economic Area
2. Free movement of goods – the concept of goods, tariff restrictions, customs union, duties and fees with an equivalent effect to duties, analysis of key judgements.
3. Free movement of goods – Domestic taxation according to Article 110 ZFEÚ, analysis of key case law.
4. Free movement of goods – Quotas and measures with an equivalent effect to quantitative restrictions, Cassis de Dijon, Keck, exceptions to the prohibition of restrictions, analysis of key case law. I
5. Free movement of goods – Quotas and measures with an equivalent effect to quantitative restrictions, Cassis de Dijon, Keck, exceptions to the prohibition of restrictions, analysis of key judgments. II
6. EU citizenship – Reasons that led to the creation of EU citizenship, definition of the scope of persons who fall within the scope of EU citizenship and its essence, i.e. rights arising from EU citizenship, e.g. the right to vote and be elected to the EP, the right to consular protection, etc., analysis of key judgments.
7. Free movement of workers – Free movement of workers, the concept of a worker, primary and secondary rights, exceptions to the prohibition of restrictions, analysis of key judgements
8. Free movement of workers – practical aspects – Practical consequences of situations in which Slovak citizens want to "migrate" for work to the EU, or in which nationals of other EU countries decide to work in Slovakia (right of residence, employment, working conditions, tax and social security aspects, rights of family members, recognition of qualifications).
9. Sloboda podnikania – pojem podnikania, primárne a sekundárne podnikanie, oprávnenia, výnimky zo zákazu obmedzení, právne možnosti podnikania (organizačná zložka, založenie/účasť na spoločnosti, európske spoločnosti, cezhraničné zlúčenie/zmena sídla, SZČO).
10. Free movement of services – Concept of services, exceptions to the prohibition of restrictions, analysis of key case law I.
11. Free movement of services – Concept of services, exceptions to the prohibition of restrictions, analysis of key judgements I.
12. Free movement of capital – Freedom of capital and payments; acquisition of real estate and property; investment; protection of investments
13. Relationships between the individual freedoms and other EU policies; horizontal policies
50/50
a) Knowledge:
The student has a relevant overview of the application of the freedoms of the European Union internal market (free movement of goods, persons, services, capital and payments) and has sufficient command of primary and secondary EU law as well as the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union in this area.
b) Skills:
The student is able to apply the rules of the EU internal market, including in more complex cases, provide alternative solutions, and support their arguments with legal provisions and case law. The student is capable of preparing a legal analysis of a case, a legal opinion, as well as a draft of a reasoned authoritative decision.
c) Responsibility and decision-making:
The student is able to identify relevant case law and rules related to specific issues of the internal market, even in seemingly contradictory situations, and to confirm or refute presented arguments.
Teaching also reflects the requirements of practical application in the fields of judiciary, prosecution, and legal professions supervised by the Ministry of Justice of the Slovak Republic.
Recommended literature for the course taught in Slovak:
Wessel, R. , Larik, J.: „EU External Relations Law - Text, Cases and Materials“, HART, London, 2020
Bauerová, H., Hlaváčková, H., Vošta, M.: „Vnitřní a vnejší dimenze bezpečnosti Evropské unie“, Libri, Praha 2018
Tichý, Arnold, Zemánek, Král, Dumbrovský. „Evropské právo“, 5. vydání, C.H. BECK, Praha 2014
Recommended literature for the course taught in English:
Wessel, R. , Larik, J.: „EU External Relations Law - Text, Cases and Materials“, HART, London, 2020
Continuous assessment: Active work during the semester – solving a case study (100%).
Grading scale: A/1 = 91–100%; B/1.5 = 81–90%; C/2 = 73–80%; D/2.5 = 66–72%; E/3 = 60–65%; FX = 0–59%.
During the examination, the student may use non-annotated legal texts.
Slovak, English
The course is taught alternatively in Slovak (within study programmes delivered in the Slovak language) or in English (within study programmes delivered in the English language).
1. Institutional definition, historical basis, legal basis
2. Foreign policy of the EU. Objectives, tools, institutions, decision-making process.
3. Uzatváranie medzinárodných zmlúv EÚ. Joining international organisations.
4. EU security policy. Objectives, tools, institutions, decision-making process.
5. The Schengen system. Protecting the EU's external borders.
6. Europol, Eurojust and the European Public Prosecutor's Office.
7. Migration and migrants, external geopolitical threats
8. Protecting the EU from the risk of terrorism
9. Peace missions
10. EU defence policy. Objectives, tools, institutions, decision-making process.
11. Intervention tools
12. Sankcionovací mechanismus. Corrective measures.
13. Creation of an EU army
14. Disinformation and hybrid threats (FIMI)
15. EU-Ukraine relations since 2014
16. International cooperation
100/0
By completing the course, the student gains a general overview of the Common Foreign, Security and Defence Policy (CFSDP) of the European Union. This represents an important part of knowledge concerning the functioning and competences of the EU, complementing and building on knowledge of EU law acquired in other courses. The information covered in this course is essential for students who intend to work in the future within the foreign service or apply for positions in any institution of the European Union.
Knowledge:
The student acquires a systematic overview of selected areas related to the institutional functioning of the EU in the field of external relations, defence and security, as well as the objectives and processes of foreign policy-making and the conclusion of international agreements.
Skills:
The student is able to identify the most important legal acts and other sources of EU regulation in the field of the Common Foreign, Security and Defence Policy. They can systematically work with these sources, use key concepts within them, and apply legal rules to specific situations. The student is able to solve case studies focused on various aspects of the topics covered.
Responsibility and autonomy:
The student is able to identify and work with relevant sources of law related to EU law, as well as the discussed issues of external relations.