For course in Slovak

REBRO, Karol - BLAHO, Peter: Rímske právo. Plzeň: Aleš Čeněk, s. r. o., 2019.

GREGOR, Martin. Základy rímskeho práva: Historický úvod, pramene a subjekty. Praha: Leges, 2022.

HAUSMANINGER, Herbert - BLAHO, Peter: Praktické prípady z rímskeho práva. Bratislava: Wolters Kluwer, 2014.

BARTOŠEK, Milan: Dějiny římského práva (v třech fázích jeho vývoje). Praha : Academia, 1988, 1995.

BARTOŠEK, Milan: Encyklopedie římského práva. Praha : Academia, 1994.

BLAHO, P. - HARAMIA, I. - ŽIDLICKÁ, M.: Základy rímskeho práva. Bratislava : MANZ a Vydavateľské oddelenie Právnickej fakulty UK, 1997.

CORPUS IURIS CIVILIS – DIGESTA, Tom. I. (Prel. Jarmila Vaňková a Peter Blaho).

Bratislava: Eurokódex, 2008.

GAIUS. Učebnice práva ve čtyřech knihách. (Prel. J. Kincl). Brno: Masarykova univerzita a Doplněk, 1999.

JUSTINIÁNSKE INŠTITÚCIE. (Preložil P. Blaho). Trnava: Iura Edition, 2000.

KINCL, Jaromír - URFUS, Valentin - SKŘEJPEK, Michal: Římské právo. Praha : C. H. Beck, 1995.

SKŘEJPEK, Michal: Římske soukromé právo. Systém a instituce. Plzeň : Aleš Čeněk, 2011.

For course in English:

BUCKLAND, W. W.: The main institutions of Roman private law. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2011. 410 s.

MOUSOURAKIS, G. A Legal History of Rome. London/New York: Routledge, 2007.

NICHOLAS, B.: An Introduction to Roman Law. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1992.

TELLEGEN-COUPERUS, O. A Short History of Roman Law. London/New York: Routledge, 2003.

duPLESSIS, P. J.: Borkowski's Textbook on Roman Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2020.

Continuous assessment: Written test (20%).

Final assessment: Oral examination (80%).

Grading scale: A/1 = 91–100%; B/1.5 = 81–90%; C/2 = 73–80%; D/2.5 = 66–72%; E = 60–65%; FX = 0–59%.

The course is examined using non-annotated legal texts.

Slovak, English

The course is taught alternatively in Slovak (within study programmes delivered in the Slovak language) or in English (within study programmes delivered in the English language).

The course is taught alternatively in Slovak (within study programmes delivered in the Slovak language) or in English (within study programmes delivered in the English language).

1. Development of Roman law and sources of Roman law;

2. The Roman civil process – the place of the complaint in Roman law;

3. Development and types of process;

4. Principles of Roman procedural law;

5. Subjects of law (natural and legal persons; legal capacity);

6. Legal facts (concept and types);

7. Capacity for legal acts (concept and prerequisites);

8. Status (civitatis, libertatis, familiae, capitis deminutio);

9. The Roman family in legal terms (agnatic relationship, cognatic relationship).

10. Marriage law (formation and dissolution of marriage; property relations between spouses; types of marriage);

11. Real property law (system and characteristics);

12. Possession (concept, types, protection);

13. Ownership (concept, types, subjects).

14. Protection of ownership rights.

20/80

a) Knowledge:

After completing the course, the student is able to orient themselves in the basic concepts and institutions of law and acquires broad knowledge in the field of Roman law, including its conceptual and historical context. The student becomes familiar with both the theoretical and practical aspects of the sources and formation of Roman law, its application in the form of Roman procedural law, as well as issues of personal law and property law.

b) Skills:

The student is able to distinguish between different sources of law according to their type and origin. The student can differentiate between the various stages of development of Roman procedural law and identify the key elements of the Roman legal process, as well as their differences. The student can identify legal acts, their individual elements, and classify them according to type. The student is able to distinguish elements of personal law, understands the difference between a natural person, a legal person, and a slave, and can differentiate between legal personality and legal capacity. The student can identify institutions and concepts of property law, understands the system of property rights, and the relationship between property rights and possession.

c) Responsibility and autonomy:

The student is able to distinguish between individual institutions of Roman law and recognize them, where applicable, in the modern legal system. During seminar exercises, the student is required to work with sources, search for key information, compare the views of different schools of Roman law, draw conclusions, and present them publicly, thereby developing independence.

For Slovak study programmes:

BARTOŠEK, Milan: Dějiny římského práva (v třech fázích jeho vývoje). Praha: Academia, 1988.

BARTOŠEK, Milan: Encyklopedie římského práva. Praha: Academia, 1994.

BLAHO, P. - HARAMIA, I. - ŽIDLICKÁ, M.: Základy rímskeho práva. Bratislava: MANZ a Vydavateľské oddelenie Právnickej fakulty UK, 1997.

CORPUS IURIS CIVILIS – DIGESTA, Tom. I. (Prel. J. Vaňková a P. Blaho). Bratislava:

Eurokódex, 2008.

GAIUS. Učebnice práva ve čtyřech knihách. (Prel. J. Kincl). Brno: Masarykova univerzita a Doplněk, 1999.

HAUSMANINGER, H., - BLAHO, P.: Praktické prípady z rímskeho práva. Bratislava : Wolters Kluwer, 2014.

JUSTINIÁNSKE INŠTITÚCIE. (Preložil P. Blaho). Trnava : Iura Edition, 2000.

KINCL, Jaromír - URFUS, Valentin - SKŘEJPEK, Michal: Římské právo. Praha : C. H. Beck, 1995.

REBRO, Karol - BLAHO, Peter: Rímske právo. Plzeň: Aleš Čeněk, s. r. o., 2019.

SKŘEJPEK, Michal: Římske soukromé právo. Systém a instituce. Plzeň : Aleš Čeněk, 2011.

For English study programmes:

BUCKLAND, W. W.: The main institutions of Roman private law. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2011. 410 s.

MOUSOURAKIS, G. A Legal History of Rome. London/New York: Routledge, 2007. NICHOLAS, B.: An Introduction to Roman Law. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1992.

TELLEGEN-COUPERUS, O. A Short History of Roman Law. London/New York: Routledge, 2003. duPLESSIS, P. J.: Borkowski's Textbook on Roman Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2020.

ZIMMERMANN, R. The Law of Obligations. Roman Foundations of the Civilian Tradition. Cape Town: Juta & Co, Ltd, 1992.

Continuous assessment: Written tests (20%).

Final assessment: Oral examination (80%).

Grading scale: A/1 = 91–100%; B/1.5 = 81–90%; C/2 = 73–80%; D/2.5 = 66–72%; E/3 = 60–65%; FX = 0–59%.

The course is examined using non-annotated legal texts.

The course is taught alternatively in Slovak (within study programmes delivered in the Slovak language) or in English (within study programmes delivered in the English language).

The course is taught alternatively in Slovak (within study programmes delivered in the Slovak language) or in English (within study programmes delivered in the English language).

1. Rights in rem over another’s property (concept, characteristics, and system).

2. Classification of real rights to third parties (personal and land servitudes, mortgage)

3. Legal dogmatics of contractual law (concept and subject of the obligation, obligation subjects, obligation creation, termination and change, obligation fulfilment, obligation classification);

4. Responsibility for non-fulfilment of obligations;

5. Security institutes of contractual relationships (guarantee).

5. System of obligations (obligations arising from legal and unlawful acts, obligations under civil and quasi-legal law);

6. Real contracts (concept, characteristics, types);

7. Consensual contracts (concept, characteristics, types).

8. Purchase contract.

9. Lease.

10. Verbal contracts (definition, characteristics, types);

11. Unnamed contracts and quasi-contracts.

12. Delicts and quasi-delicts (concept, characteristics, types);

13. Succession law (concept and significance of succession, succession titles, succession under civil and pretorian law);

14. Principles of calling in heirs (agnatio, cognatio), inheritance in Justinian law.

20/80

a) Knowledge:

After completing the course, the student is able to orient themselves in the basic concepts and institutions of law and acquires broad knowledge in the field of Roman law, including its conceptual and historical context. Specifically, the student is familiar with rights in rem over another’s property, the law of obligations—which is the core subject of the course—and Roman inheritance law.

b) Skills:

The student is able to correctly classify rights in rem over another’s property within the system of property rights and understands their connection to the law of obligations. The student can identify the basic elements of Roman law of obligations, understands the classification of obligations, and is able to correctly categorize different types of obligations. The student understands the difference between obligations arising from contracts and delicts and can distinguish between different types of contracts. The student can identify the institutions and concepts of Roman inheritance law, understands its gradual development from the agnatic to the cognatic principle, and is familiar with the institutions of legal protection of heirs.

c) Responsibility and autonomy:

The student is able to distinguish between individual institutions of Roman law and recognize them, where applicable, in the modern legal system. During seminar exercises, the student is required to work with sources, search for key information, compare the views of different Roman law schools, draw conclusions, and present them publicly, thereby developing independence.

Relevant legal regulations and professional literature according to the instructor’s guidelines for the topics covered.

Continuous assessment: Active participation in seminars and contribution to discussions (40%); completion of assignments and model case studies (60%).

Grading scale: A/1 = 91–100%; B/1.5 = 81–90%; C/2 = 73–80%; D/2.5 = 66–72%; E/3 = 60–65%; FX = 0–59%.

The course is examined using uncommented legal texts.

Slovak, English

The course is taught alternatively in Slovak (within study programmes delivered in the Slovak language) or in English (within study programmes delivered in the English language).

1. Introduction to the study of law, the specifics of legal thinking and the legal profession, practical advice and organisational guidelines for studying.

2. Structure of the Comenius University and the Faculty of Law, familiarisation with the internal regulations of the Comenius University and the Faculty of Law

3. Students' rights and obligations at the Faculty of Law of the UK

4. Sources of law and their hierarchy

5. Legal research, working with sources

6. Academic writing and formal text editing

7. Academic misconduct, plagiarism; appropriate and inappropriate use of artificial intelligence

100/0

After completing the course, the student is able to orient themselves in the basic aspects of university legal studies, understand the structure of the academic and legal environment, and acquire fundamental academic and legal skills. The course provides a basic framework for further legal education by introducing students to legal thinking, explaining the functioning of Comenius University in Bratislava and its Faculty of Law, teaching them to work independently with legal sources, and to effectively search for relevant information. The aim of the course is for the student to acquire the basics of legal research, understand the rules of academic integrity, and be able to prepare a formally correct academic text.

The course is taught using non-annotated legal texts, internal regulations of the university and faculty, and practical examples.

Knowledge:

The student:

- knows the structure of Comenius University and its Faculty of Law, and their internal regulations

- is familiar with basic academic rules, especially regarding study obligations, ethics, and students’ disciplinary responsibility

- understands the system of sources of law and their hierarchy

- knows the requirements for the formal presentation of academic and other texts

Skills:

The student:

- understands the structure and purpose of the university’s and faculty’s internal regulations

- effectively applies acquired knowledge in fulfilling academic obligations

- is able to search for legislation, case law, and scholarly literature in legal databases and library systems

- works effectively with non-annotated legal texts

- can produce a properly structured and formally correct academic text (e.g., a seminar paper)

- can use basic academic tools (citation, referencing system, bibliography)

Responsibility and autonomy:

Students complete assignments both individually and in groups, independently study regulations and recommended literature, and actively participate in discussions and solving practical tasks.

Patakyová, M. T. a kol. Právo EÚ, Wolters Kluwer, 2025

Syllová, J., Pitrová, L., Paldusová, H. a kol.: Lisabonská smlouva. Komentář. 1. vyd. Praha: C.H. Beck, 2010.

Tichý, L., Arnold, R. a kol.: Evropské právo. 4. vyd. Praha: C.H.Beck, 2011.

Zmluva o Európskej únii a Zmluva o fungovaní Európskej únie

Ashiagbor, D., Countouris, N., Lianos, I.: The European Union after the Treaty of Lisbon. Cambridge University Press, 2012.

Barnard, C.: The Substantive Law of the EU The Four Freedoms. New York: Oxford University Press, 2022.

Craig,P., de Búrca, G. : EU LAW, Text, Cases, and Materials. Eight Edition. New York: Oxford University Press, 2024.

Lenaerts, K., Van Nuffel,P.: European Union Law. Third Edition. Londýn: Sweet and Maxwell, 2011.

Vivien Rose, V., Bailey, D.: Bellamy and Child: European Union Law of Competition. New York: Oxford University Press, 2013.

Weatherill, S.: Cases and Materials on EU law. Oxford University Press, 2012.

Woods, L., Watson, P.: EU Law. New York: Oxford University Press, 2012.

Chalmers, D., Davies, G., Monti, G.: European Union Law. Cambridge University Press, 2024.

Continuous assessment: case assignments, preparation of legal analyses and their presentation, participation in discussions, active participation in seminars, specialist seminar papers, presentations on the topics covered, mid-term tests (40%)

Final assessment: oral examination (60%) in the form of a combination of theoretical questions and the resolution of model case assignments, using unannotated legislation

Grading scale: A/1 = 91–100%; B/1.5 = 81–90%; C/2 = 73–80%; D/2.5 = 66–72%; E/3 = 60–65%; FX = 0–59%.

The course is examined with the use of unannotated legislation.

Slovak or English

The course is taught alternatively in Slovak (within study programmes delivered in the Slovak language) or in English (within study programmes delivered in the English language).

1. Development of European integration; EU membership; EU values; accession to and withdrawal from the EU

2. Division of competences; the principles of subsidiarity and proportionality

3. The institutional system of the EU – principal institutions and issues of their joint functioning I

4. The institutional system of the EU – principal institutions and issues of their joint functioning II

5. The system of EU law; sources of EU law

6. EU law-making I

7. EU law-making II

8. Fundamental principles of application and interpretation of EU law; the integrative role of the process of harmonisation of law

9. Forms and methods of application of EU law; procedural autonomy of the Member States

10. The judicial system of the European Union; types of proceedings before the Court of Justice of the EU

11. The authority of EU law and the enforcement of obligations arising from EU membership

12. Union citizenship; ensuring the EU framework for the protection of fundamental rights and freedoms; definition of rights deriving from Union citizenship

13. Introduction to the internal market

40/60

a) Knowledge: The student has a systematic overview and basic orientation in the field of public international law, the institutional system of the European Union, the nature of EU law, and the forms and methods of its application.

b) Skills: The student is able to solve simple case studies focused on European Union law, apply EU legal norms, prepare a basic legal analysis, and follow the procedures for assessing the validity of EU acts and the compatibility of national law with EU law.

c) Responsibility and autonomy: The student is able to provide recommendations concerning the fundamental institutes of EU law, including the submission of a preliminary reference.

Szalewicz, A.: Basics of badminton over the weekend. Rokus publishing house, Prešov, 2001. ISBN 978-80-89055-78-4

Skružný, Z. et al.: Floorball, technique, training, game rules, Grada Praha, 2006. ISBN 80-247-0383-1

Rodriguez, J.: Pilates for everyone with a ball, elastic band and hoop, Ottovo nakladatelství, s.r.o., 2009. ISBN 978-80-7360-849-1

Krištofič, J.: Fitness training, Grada publishing, Prague, 2007. ISBN 978-80-247-2197-2

During the semester, the physical activity of the student will be continuously assessment A grade A is awarded to a student who scores at least 91 points. Credits will not be awarded to a student who does not complete the exercises in the specified range.

Classification scale: A/1 = 91 – 100%; B/1.5 = 81-90%; C/2 = 73-80%; D/2.5 = 66-72%; E/3 = 60-65%; FX = 0-59%.

Slovak, English

The course is taught alternatively in Slovak (within study programmes delivered in the Slovak language) or in English (within study programmes delivered in the English language).

Sports games - futsal, floorball, basketball - practice and improvement of individual game activities, rules of the selected sports game

Aerobics - H/L, bodyforming, step, tae-bo, dance, fitballs - basic steps of individual types of aerobics and their application in a simple choreography, body shaping with your own body weight and with the use of a fitball

Swimming - practicing breaststroke and backstroke with an emphasis on proper swimming technique

Climbing - the basics of climbing on an artificial wall

Canoeing - the basics of handling a canoe on still water

Exercise for health, pilates – training and mastering basic exercises to develop weakened muscle parts (muscle imbalance, laterality, back and joint problems)

Fitness, cardio fitness - body shaping by means of aerobic and strength exercises for the proportional development of muscles and their aesthetic appearance

Badminton - basic strokes and rules of the game

The student will acquire basic knowledge, movement habits and skills in the selected movement activity for performing movement activity as an essential part of the way of life.

Szalewicz, A.: Basics of badminton over the weekend. Rokus publishing house, Prešov, 2001. ISBN 978-80-89055-78-4

Skružný, Z. et al.: Floorball, technique, training, game rules, Grada Praha, 2006. ISBN 80-247-0383-1

Rodriguez, J.: Pilates for everyone with a ball, elastic band and hoop, Ottovo nakladatelství, s.r.o., 2009. ISBN 978-80-7360-849-1

Krištofič, J.: Fitness training, Grada publishing, Prague, 2007. ISBN 978-80-247-2197-2

During the semester, the physical activity of the student will be continuously assessment. A grade A is awarded to a student who scores at least 91 points. Credits will not be awarded to a student who does not complete the exercises in the specified range.

Classification scale: A/1 = 91 – 100%; B/1.5 = 81-90%; C/2 = 73-80%; D/2.5 = 66-72%; E/3 = 60-65%; FX = 0-59%.

Slovak, English

The course is taught alternatively in Slovak (within study programmes delivered in the Slovak language) or in English (within study programmes delivered in the English language).

Sports games - futsal, floorball, basketball - practice and improvement of individual game activities, rules of the selected sports game

Aerobics - H/L, bodyforming, step, tae-bo, dance, fitballs - basic steps of individual types of aerobics and their application in a simple choreography, body shaping with your own body weight and with the use of a fitball

Swimming - practicing breaststroke and backstroke with an emphasis on proper swimming technique

Climbing - the basics of climbing on an artificial wall

Canoeing - the basics of handling a canoe on still water

Exercise for health, Pilates - training and mastering basic exercises for the development of weakened muscle parts (muscle imbalance, laterality, back and joint problems)

Fitness, cardio fitness - body shaping by means of aerobic and strength exercises for the proportional development of muscles and their aesthetic appearance

Badminton - basic strokes and rules of the game

The student will acquire basic knowledge, movement habits and skills in the selected movement activity for performing movement activity as an essential part of the way of life.

Szalewicz, A.: Basics of badminton over the weekend. Rokus publishing house, Prešov, 2001. ISBN 978-80-89055-78-4

Skružný, Z. et al.: Floorball, technique, training, game rules, Grada Praha, 2006. ISBN 80-247-0383-1

Rodriguez, J.: Pilates for everyone with a ball, elastic band and hoop, Ottovo nakladatelství, s.r.o., 2009. ISBN 978-80-7360-849-1

Krištofič, J.: Fitness training, Grada publishing, Prague, 2007. ISBN 978-80-247-2197-2

During the semester, the physical activity of the student will be continuously assessment. A grade A is awarded to a student who scores at least 91 points. Credits will not be awarded to a student who does not complete the exercises in the specified range.

Classification scale: A/1 = 91 – 100%; B/1.5 = 81-90%; C/2 = 73-80%; D/2.5 = 66-72%; E/3 = 60-65%; FX = 0-59%.

Slovak, English

The course is taught alternatively in Slovak (within study programmes delivered in the Slovak language) or in English (within study programmes delivered in the English language).

Sports games - futsal, floorball, basketball - practice and improvement of individual game activities, rules of the selected sports game

Aerobics - H/L, bodyforming, step, tae-bo, dance, fitballs - basic steps of individual types of aerobics and their application in a simple choreography, body shaping with your own body weight and with the use of a fitball

Swimming - practicing breaststroke and backstroke with an emphasis on proper swimming technique

Climbing - the basics of climbing on an artificial wall

Canoeing - the basics of handling a canoe on still water

Exercise for health, Pilates - training and mastering basic exercises for the development of weakened muscle parts (muscle imbalance, laterality, back and joint problems)

Fitness, cardio fitness - body shaping by means of aerobic and strength exercises for the proportional development of muscles and their aesthetic appearance

Badminton - basic strokes and rules of the game

The student will acquire basic knowledge, movement habits and skills in the selected movement activity for performing movement activity as an essential part of the way of life.

Szalewicz, A.: Basics of badminton over the weekend. Rokus publishing house, Prešov, 2001. ISBN 978-80-89055-78-4

Skružný, Z. et al.: Floorball, technique, training, game rules, Grada Praha, 2006. ISBN 80-247-0383-1

Rodriguez, J.: Pilates for everyone with a ball, elastic band and hoop, Ottovo nakladatelství, s.r.o., 2009. ISBN 978-80-7360-849-1

Krištofič, J.: Fitness training, Grada publishing, Prague, 2007. ISBN 978-80-247-2197-2

During the semester, the physical activity of the student will be continuously assessment. A grade A is awarded to a student who scores at least 91 points. Credits will not be awarded to a student who does not complete the exercises in the specified range.

Classification scale: A/1 = 91 – 100%; B/1.5 = 81-90%; C/2 = 73-80%; D/2.5 = 66-72%; E/3 = 60-65%; FX = 0-59%.

Slovak, English

The course is taught alternatively in Slovak (within study programmes delivered in the Slovak language) or in English (within study programmes delivered in the English language).

Sports games - futsal, floorball, basketball - practice and improvement of individual game activities, rules of the selected sports game

Aerobics - H/L, bodyforming, step, tae-bo, dance, fitballs - basic steps of individual types of aerobics and their application in a simple choreography, body shaping with your own body weight and with the use of a fitball

Swimming - practicing breaststroke and backstroke with an emphasis on proper swimming technique

Climbing - the basics of climbing on an artificial wall

Canoeing - the basics of handling a canoe on still water

Exercise for health and pilates – training and mastering basic exercises for the development of weakened muscle parts (muscle imbalance, laterality, back and joint problems)

Fitness and cardio fitness - body shaping by means of aerobic and strength exercises for the proportional development of muscles and their aesthetic appearance

Badminton - basic strokes and rules of the game

The student will acquire basic knowledge, movement habits and skills in the selected movement activity for performing movement activity as an essential part of the way of life.

Szalewicz, A.: Basics of badminton over the weekend. Rokus publishing house, Prešov, 2001. ISBN 978-80-89055-78-4

Skružný, Z. et al.: Floorball, technique, training, game rules, Grada Praha, 2006. ISBN 80-247-0383-1

Rodriguez, J.: Pilates for everyone with a ball, elastic band and hoop, Ottovo nakladatelství, s.r.o., 2009. ISBN 978-80-7360-849-1

Krištofič, J.: Fitness training, Grada publishing, Prague, 2007. ISBN 978-80-247-2197-2

During the semester, the physical activity of the student will be continuously assessment. A grade A is awarded to a student who scores at least 91 points. Credits will not be awarded to a student who does not complete the exercises in the specified range.

Classification scale: A/1 = 91 – 100%; B/1.5 = 81-90%; C/2 = 73-80%; D/2.5 = 66-72%; E/3 = 60-65%; FX = 0-59%.

Slovak, English

The course is taught alternatively in Slovak (within study programmes delivered in the Slovak language) or in English (within study programmes delivered in the English language).

Sports games - futsal, floorball, basketball - practice and improvement of individual game activities, rules of the selected sports game

Aerobics - H/L, bodyforming, step, tae-bo, dance, fitballs - basic steps of individual types of aerobics and their application in a simple choreography, body shaping with your own body weight and with the use of a fitball

Swimming - practicing breaststroke and backstroke with an emphasis on proper swimming technique

Climbing - the basics of climbing on an artificial wall

Canoeing - the basics of handling a canoe on still water

Exercise for health and pilates – training and mastering basic exercises for the development of weakened muscle parts (muscle imbalance, laterality, back and joint problems)

Fitness and cardio fitness - body shaping by means of aerobic and strength exercises for the proportional development of muscles and their aesthetic appearance

Badminton - basic strokes and rules of the game

The student will acquire basic knowledge, movement habits and skills in the selected movement activity for performing movement activity as an essential part of the way of life.

Szalewicz, A.: Basics of badminton over the weekend. Rokus publishing house, Prešov, 2001. ISBN 978-80-89055-78-4

Skružný, Z. et al.: Floorball, technique, training, game rules, Grada Praha, 2006. ISBN 80-247-0383-1

Rodriguez, J.: Pilates for everyone with a ball, elastic band and hoop, Ottovo nakladatelství, s.r.o., 2009. ISBN 978-80-7360-849-1

Krištofič, J.: Fitness training, Grada publishing, Prague, 2007. ISBN 978-80-247-2197-2

During the semester, the physical activity of the student will be continuously assessment. A grade A is awarded to a student who scores at least 91 points. Credits will not be awarded to a student who does not complete the exercises in the specified range.

Classification scale: A/1 = 91 – 100%; B/1.5 = 81-90%; C/2 = 73-80%; D/2.5 = 66-72%; E/3 = 60-65%; FX = 0-59%.

Slovak, English

The course is taught alternatively in Slovak (within study programmes delivered in the Slovak language) or in English (within study programmes delivered in the English language).

Sports games - futsal, floorball, basketball - practice and improvement of individual game activities, rules of the selected sports game

Aerobics - H/L, bodyforming, step, tae-bo, dance, fitballs - basic steps of individual types of aerobics and their application in a simple choreography, body shaping with your own body weight and with the use of a fitball

Swimming - practicing breaststroke and backstroke with an emphasis on proper swimming technique

Climbing - the basics of climbing on an artificial wall

Canoeing - the basics of handling a canoe on still water

Exercise for health and pilates - training and mastering basic exercises for the development of weakened muscle parts (muscle imbalance, laterality, back and joint problems)

Fitness and cardio fitness - body shaping by means of aerobic and strength exercises for the proportional development of muscles and their aesthetic appearance

Badminton - basic strokes and rules of the game

The student will acquire basic knowledge, movement habits and skills in the selected movement activity for performing movement activity as an essential part of the way of life.

ŽÍDEK, J.: Downhill skiing. Peter Macura – PEEM, Bratislava 2006, ISBN 80-89197

ŽÍDEK, J. – PETROVIČ, P.: Skiing – Downhill – Running. Peter Macura – PEEM, Bratislava 2009, ISBN 978-80-89197-97-2

continuous assessment 100% sports activity according to the teachers' instructions

Slovak, English

The course is taught alternatively in Slovak (within study programmes delivered in the Slovak language) or in English (within study programmes delivered in the English language).

Acquiring and improving skiing skills, habits and theoretical knowledge in downhill skiing.

Acquiring and improving skiing skills, habits and theoretical knowledge in downhill skiing

Belás M., Roučková M.: Summer sports in nature, Methodological and pedagogical center in Baratislava, Bratislava 2015, ISBN: 978-80-565-0952-4

Continuous assessment 100% sports activity according to the teachers' instructions

Slovak, English

The course is taught alternatively in Slovak (within study programmes delivered in the Slovak language) or in English (within study programmes delivered in the English language).

Realization of tourism (cycling, walking, water, high mountain) according to the location of stay. Physical activity characteristic of movement and generally developing exercises. Cultural and educational activity (nature, history) of the given locality. Mastering the necessary knowledge and skills for the implementation of tourist activities.

Mastering the necessary knowledge and skills for the implementation of tourist activities.

Recommended literature for the course taught in Slovak:

Sandel, M.: Spravedlnost: Co je správné dělat. Praha: Karolinum, 2022.

Macyntyre, A., Berlin, I., Rawls, J., Dworkin, R., Nozick, R., Rorty, R.: O slobode a spravodlivosti. Liberalizmus dnes. Bratislava: Archa, 1993.

Rawls, J.: Teorie spravedlnosti. Praha: Victoria Publishing, 1995.

János Kis: Současná politická filosofie. Praha: OIKOYMENH, 1997.

Radbruch Gustav: O napětí mezi účely práva. Praha: Wolters Kluver, 2013.

Hayek, F. von: Právo, zákonodárství, svoboda. Praha: Prostor, 1995.

Lionel Adolphus Hart, L.A.: Právo, sloboda, morálka. Bratislava: Kalligram, 2003.

Chovancová, J.: Liberalizmus verzus komunitarizmus. Bratislava: PraF UK, 2003.

Singer, P.: Jeden svet. Etika globalizácie. Bratislava: Vydavateľstvo Spolku slovenských spisovateľov, 2006.

Recommended literature for the course taught in English:

Sandel, M.: Justice: What's the Right Thing to Do? Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2010.

Rawls, J.: A Theory of Justice. Harvard University Press, Belknap Press, 1999.

Hayek, F. A.: Law, Legislation and Liberty. Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1973.

Mackie, J. L., Moberger, V. and Olson, J.: Theories of Justice and Rights. Oxford University Press, 2024.

Continuous assessment 100%:

(i) Continuous active participation in seminar exercises (20%) - activity, participation in discussions and final joint discussion

(ii) Preparation and presentation of a paper on a chosen, previously agreed topic in the range of 30 – 40 minutes (40%).

(iii) Solution of a case study in the last seminar exercise (40%).

Classification scale: A/1 = 91 – 100%; B/1.5 = 81 – 90%; C/2 = 73 – 80%; D/2.5 = 66 – 72%; E/3 = 60 – 65%; FX = 0 – 59%

The course is examined partly using non-annotated legal texts, in accordance with the teacher’s guidelines.

Slovak, English

The course is taught alternatively in Slovak (within study programmes delivered in the Slovak language) or in English (within study programmes delivered in the English language).

1. Overview of the history of the understanding of justice and basic concepts (utilitarianism, libertarianism, deontology)

2. Natural-law versus positive-law approach to concepts of justice

3. John Rawls: "Justice as Fairness"

4. Robert Nozick: "The Claim to Justice"

5. Friedrich August von Hayek: "Toward Social Justice"

6. Communitarian approach to justice (M. Waltzer)

7. Open Society and Its Enemies (Karl R. Popper)

8. Susan Muller Okin: "Justice and Gender"

9. Global Justice and Cosmopolitanism (P. Singer)

10. Climate Justice and Intergenerational Rights

11. Justice in the Era of Artificial Intelligence (AI)

12. Plurality of Concepts of Justice and Their Significance for Legal Practice (Rehearsal and Final Discussion)

13. Repetitorium

100/0

a) Knowledge: The student will acquire a systematic overview of theories of justice in the 20th century with an extension to the present. He/she is familiar with terminology, individual concepts and arguments.

b) Skills: The student can make informed decisions that also take into account the social, scientific and ethical aspects of theories of justice. The student can analyse and critically evaluate philosophical arguments regarding justice, identify their applicability in specific legal and social situations, can prepare and present an independent contribution to the selected theory, including an assessment of its legal relevance.

c) Responsibility and independence: The student can provide an argumentation regarding the basic concepts of theories of justice. The student can independently adopt and defend a position on justice in both a legal and philosophical context, demonstrates responsibility when arguing with regard to the plurality of opinions and the social impact of the chosen positions.

Barendrecht, M., Kistemaker, L., Scholten, H. J., Schrader, R., Wrzesinska, M. (2014) Legal Aid in Europe: Nine Different Ways to Guarantee Access to Justice? The Hague Institute for Internationalisation of Law. Tilburg: University of Tilburg. [selected chapters]

Flynn, A., Hodgson, J. (Eds.) (2017) Access to Justice and Legal Aid: Comparative Perspective on Unmet Legal Need. Oxford: Bloomsbury publishing PLC. [selected chapters]

Global Study on Legal Aid (2016) Global Report. United Nations Development Programme. New York: United Nations.

Hammerslev, O., Rønning, O. H. (Eds.) (2018) Outsourcing Legal Aid in the Nordic Welfare States. Cham: Pagrave Macmillan. [selected chapters]

Jüriloo, K. (2015) Free Legal Aid – a Human Right. Nordic Journal of Human Rights, 33(3), 203-219.

Kerrigan, K., Murray, V. (2011) A Student Guide to Clinical Legal Education and Pro Bono. Basingstoke: Palgrave MacMillan. [selected chapters]

Litwick, D. (2022) Lady Justice. New York: Penguin Press. [selected chapters]

Stevenson, B. (2014) Just Mercy. New York: Penguin Random House. [selected chapters]

Ongoing evaluation: activity during interactive lectures (30 %); reflective paper (40 %); group presentation (20 %); peer-review assessment (10 %).

Rating scale: A/1 = 91 – 100 %; B/1,5 = 81 – 90 %; C/2 = 73 – 80 %; D/2,5 = 66 – 72 %; E/3 = 60 – 65 %; FX = 0 – 59 %.

During the examination, the student may use all available sources of legal information, in particular non-annotated legal regulations, commentaries, case law, legal literature, and legal information systems.

English

The course is taught in English and is limited to 40 students. Enrolment in the course may be conditional upon the successful completion of a selection procedure.

Part One – Seminars (Weeks 1 to 5):

1.1 Introduction to the Right to Legal Aid

1.2 The Right to Legal Aid as a Fundamental Human Right and Its International Aspects

1.3 The Right to Legal Aid in the Slovak Republic and Conditions for Granting Legal Aid

1.4 Legal Aid Systems Worldwide

1.5 Benefits of Pro Bono Work

Part Two – Self-regulated learning (Weeks 6 to 9)

Part Three – Presentation of Group Projects (Weeks 10 to 14)

100/0

Knowledge:

Upon successful completion of the course, the student will be able to:

- recognise and explain the significance of the right to legal aid as a fundamental human right, including the impact of EU law and the Council of Europe on the concept of legal aid;

- demonstrate the legal aid system in their home country;

- compare different legal aid systems;

- identify deficiencies in the legal framework governing legal aid;

- identify the benefits of pro bono work for society, the legal profession, and law firms;

- identify the professional and personal benefits of lawyers’ pro bono engagement.

-

Skills:

Upon successful completion of the course, the student will be able to:

- collect and interpret relevant legislation, case law, legal doctrine, and other legal information related to the right to legal aid, and make informed decisions that also take into account social, scientific, and ethical aspects;

- communicate information, concepts, issues, and solutions related to the lack of access to legal services.

Responsibility and Autonomy:

Upon successful completion of the course, the student will be able to:

- critically assess the relevance of legal information and data and, on this basis, make socially responsible and morally sound decisions;

- provide constructive feedback;

- work in a group in an internationalised environment;

- deliver engaging presentations of their research findings.

Continuous assessment: not implemented.

Final assessment: 100% participation in the programme and activity during the block form of teaching according to the teacher's instructions.

Classification scale: A/1 = 91 – 100%; B/1.5 = 81-90%; C/2 = 73-80%; D/2.5 = 66-72%; E/3 = 60-65%; FX = 0-59%.

Slovak, English

The subject is taught only in the summer semester and the capacity of the subject is limited to 12 students.

The course is taught alternatively in Slovak (within study programmes delivered in the Slovak language) or in English (within study programmes delivered in the English language).

The subject consists of theoretical training and practical training.

1. Introduction to rafting and equipment - type, use and maintenance 3/2

2. Properties of flowing water and risks of flow 3/4

3. Planning and organizational implementation of the float 3/4

4. Control of the vessel and movement in fast flowing water 2/6

5. Friendly rescue and first aid 2/6

After completing the course, the student can navigate the river on his own up to WW III difficulty. The goal is also to help in creating and strengthening a permanent positive relationship with the mountains and active leisure time.

The content of the subject is familiarization and implementation of basic activities in rafting. This mainly concerns training and improvement of ship management, decision-making strategy and risk assessment, self-rescue, rescue and lay first aid.

Continuous assessment: not implemented.

Final assessment: 100% participation in the program and activity during the block form of teaching according to the teacher's instructions.

Slovak, English

The subject is taught only in the winter semester and the capacity of the subject is limited to 15 students.

The course is taught alternatively in Slovak (within study programmes delivered in the Slovak language) or in English (within study programmes delivered in the English language).

The subject consists of theoretical training and practical training.

1. Introduction to ski mountaineering and ski mountaineering equipment - type, use and maintenance 3/2

2. Weather and avalanche issues 3/6

3. Planning and implementation of a ski mountaineering tour 3/6

4. Skiing and movement in free terrain 2/4

5. Friend rescue and first aid 2/4

After completing the subject, the student can move independently in the winter mountains using ski mountaineering equipment. The goal is also to help students create and strengthen a permanent positive relationship with winter mountains and movement in them.

The content of the subject is familiarization with the basic activities in ski mountaineering and their implementation. These are mainly training and improvement of walking on skis, skiing in open terrain, avalanche prevention and rescue, planning a hike and lay first aid.

OSINA, Petr. Legal Theory. Praha: Leges, 2017. 128 s., ISBN 9788075022233

VARGA, Csaba. Theory of Law. Budapest: Szent István Társulat, 2012. 371 s. ISBN 978-963-277-392-6

WACKS, Raymond. Understanding Jurisprudence: An Introduction to Legal Theory. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012, 358 s. ISBN 978–0–19–960826–3

McLEOD, Ian. Legal Method. Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, 1996. 357 s., ISBN 0-333-67696-3

Continuous assessment: written examination, seminar / consultation activity 20%

Final evaluation: oral exam 80%

Classification scale: (A / 1 = 91-100%; B / 1.5 = 81-90%; C / 2 = 73-80%; D / 2.5 = 66-72%; E: 60-65% , Fx: 0–59%).

The course is tested in part using the uncommented legislation according to the instructions of the teacher.

English

1. Concept and nature of law

2. Law, morality and justice

3. Legal system

4. Sources of law

5. Lawmaking

6. Legal norms and their types

7. Structure of legal norms

8. Implementation of law – legal facts

9. Implementation of law – legal relations and subjects of law

10. Application of law

11. Interpretation of law

12. Legal argumentation

13. Legal liability

20/80

a) Knowledge: After completing the course, the student is able to understand and navigate the fundamental concepts and institutes of law. They will gain comprehensive knowledge of legal theory, including its terminological and philosophical contexts. The student will become acquainted with both the theoretical and practical dimensions of sources of law, lawmaking, and the implementation of law. They will be able to identify various sources of law and compare their key characteristics and methods of origin.

b) Skills: The student is able to identify the type of legal norm and structure its individual components. They are able to interpret sources of law using basic methods of interpretation. The student is also familiar with methods of legal argumentation and capable of applying them in various legal and social contexts. In the area of law implementation, the student is able to identify different types of legal facts and classify them under the applicable legal regulations. Regarding legal liability, the student will be able to identify unlawful conduct, the relevant subjects of liability relations and the sanctions that result from the imposition of legal liability.

c) Responsibility and independence: The student is capable of critically addressing both theoretical and practical legal issues and making decisions that are socially acceptable, fair, and moral. During seminar exercises, the student is required to independently seek out key information, analyse and compare it, and present it publicly, thereby fostering their independence. Additionally, students are encouraged to collaborate in teams, which supports the development of their social responsibility.

ALI/UNIDROIT. Principles and Rules of Transnational Civil Procedure. Cambridge - New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006

Chase, O.G., Herschkoff, H., Silberman, L., Taniguchi, Y. and Varano V. Civil Litigation in Comparative Context. 2nd edition. St Paul: Thomson West, 2017

Murray, P.L., Stürner, R. German Civil Justice. Durham: Carolina Academic Press, 2004

The course presupposes knowledge of the fundamentals of civil procedural law at the bachelor's degree level.

- Continuous assessment (PowerPoint presentation of selected issues, discussion of this presentation): 40%

- Final evaluation (preparation of a final written submission or case study): 60%

Classification scale: A / 1 = 91 - 100%; B / 1.5 = 81 - 90%; C / 2 = 73 - 80%; D / 2.5 = 66 - 72%; E / 3 = 60 - 65%; FX = 0 - 59%.

The course is tested in part using the uncommented legislation according to the instructions of the teacher.

English

1. Introduction to Comparative Civil Procedure: Historical and General Characteristics of European Civil Procedure Systems

2. The Status, Powers, and Duties of Courts, Judges, and Attorneys

3. Principles of Anglo-American (common law) and continental (civil law) civil procedure

4. Procedural requirements

5. Complaint and commencement of proceedings

6. Conduct of proceedings at first instance

7. Collective enforcement of claims and class actions

8. Evidence and means of proof

9. Court Decisions

10. The System of Preliminary Injunctions

11. Expedited Proceedings

12. Appeals

13. Enforcement of Decisions (particularly civil enforcement)

The legal systems subject to comparison include in particular: Slovakia, Germany, France, Ukraine, and the common law system.

40/60

Civil procedural law has traditionally been regarded as a subject falling within the domain of domestic law. In recent decades, however, European legislation, as well as the case law of the Court of Justice of the EU and the European Court of Human Rights, has increasingly interfered with this traditional legal discipline, which undoubtedly leads to a reassessment of established institutions, principles, and rules and, ultimately, justifies the importance of comparative civil procedural law.

The aim of the course is to offer students a general overview of the fundamental elements of European civil procedure and their specificities. The course thus covers, in particular, the fundamental institutions of civil procedural law analyzed from the perspective of Slovak legal regulation in comparison with selected jurisdictions, with a particular emphasis on the differences between the continental (civil law) and Anglo-American (common law) legal systems. Significant attention will also be devoted to a comparison with the German legal order and a legal order selected ad hoc in agreement with the students.

Knowledge: Upon completion of the course, the student is able to identify and explain the differences between the leading systems of civil procedural law, the principles of civil procedure, and the fundamental instruments and remedies of civil procedure, with an enriching element being the comparison with selected jurisdictions of various countries, including the necessary practical orientation in court proceedings. The student commands the basic methodology of comparative analysis of domestic procedural regulations.

Skills: Upon completion of the course, the student is able to compare procedural institutions of various legal orders and identify their functional equivalents. The student is able to analyze and synthesise foreign legal regulations and scholarly literature using the comparative method and the method of analogy. The student is capable of applying the acquired knowledge to the resolution of case studies.

Responsibility and autonomy: The student systematically prepares for each session and independently works with primary and secondary sources (case law, legal regulations, scholarly literature) from multiple jurisdictions. The student actively presents the results of their own comparative analysis, critically evaluates differences between legal systems, and constructively contributes to scholarly discussion. The delivery of topics is considerably dynamic, accompanied by multiple discussions building upon PowerPoint presentations on selected topics. Given the ipso facto non-existent uniform harmonized legal regulation, thorough and systematic work during joint sessions is essential.

GRAZIADEI, M.-SMITH, L.: Comparative Property Law: Global Perspectives (Research Handbooks in Comparative Law series). London: Edward Elgar, 2017.

MATEI, U.: Basic Principles of Property Law: A Comparative Legal and Economic Introduction (Contributions in Legal Studies). London: Praeger, 2000.

RAKOVÁ, K., FOTOPULOSOVÁ, L., HORONY, Š., KLINCOVÁ, Z., LOFFAY, F.: Material and Inheritance law. Scriptum. Bratislava: Comenius University Bratislava, Faculty od Law, 2024. [online].

RAKOVÁ, K., MAUKŠ, D., FOTOPULOSOVÁ, L., LUPRICHOVÁ-CVENGROŠOVÁ, P., ČIERNIK, M. Material law. General part. Scriptum. Bratislava : Comenius University Bratislava, Faculty of Law, 2025. [online].

ZWEIGERT, K. - KÖTZ: An Introduction to Comparative Law. 3rd Ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998.

SINGER, J.W.: Property Law. Rules, Policies, and Practices. 4th Edition. New York: Aspen Publishing, 2006.

The continuous evaluation will make up 40% of the final evaluation, the final evaluation 60% of the final evaluation.

Continuous assessment: 40% - oral presentation of an assigned topic

Final evaluation: 60% - written exam consisting of the elaboration of a model case

Classification scale: A / 1 = 91 - 100%; B / 1.5 = 81 - 90%; C / 2 = 73 - 80%; D / 2.5 = 66 - 72%; E / 3 = 60 - 65%; FX = 0 - 59%.

The course is tested in part using the uncommented legislation according to the instructions of the teacher.

English

1. Introduction to the study of property rights in the continental and Anglo-American legal systems.

2. Property rights – (concept, subjects, object, content, protection).

3. Methods of acquiring and extinguishing property rights.

4. Joint ownership.

5. Undivided joint ownership.

6. Property rights to foreign property – concept, typology. General information on lien (concept, subjects).

7. Lien (subject matter, creation, enforcement, termination).

8. Easements and right of retention.

9. Inheritance law – principles, concept, general prerequisites for inheritance.

10. Testamentary succession.

11. Statutory succession – inheritance groups, relationship to testamentary succession.

12. Other inheritance institutions – gifts in the event of death, compulsory heirs, trusts.

13. Recapitulation and comparison of property law and inheritance law institutions in the continental and Anglo-American legal systems.

The legal systems subject to comparison include in particular: Germany, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, Austria, Ukraine, the common law system, and the United Kingdom.

40/60

The aim of the course is to provide students with a comprehensive overview of the legal institutions of property law and succession law in the main jurisdictions of the civil law and common law traditions. The course focuses in particular on the core institutions of property law and succession law within civil law systems, analysed from a comparative perspective, with emphasis on the differences between civil law and common law approaches.

Knowledge: Upon completion of the course, students acquire in particular:

knowledge of the different types of property rights within civil law systems,

knowledge of the different types of property rights within common law systems,

knowledge of the substantive legal requirements of succession in civil law and common law systems,

knowledge of the principal institutions of succession law in civil law and common law systems.

Skills: Graduates of the course analyse and critically compare legal regulation of property law and succession law across different legal systems. They identify legal problems, formulate legal questions relating to property and succession, and propose appropriate solutions. They independently search for and interpret legislation and case law relevant to property and succession law in different jurisdictions. At the same time, they formulate legal arguments and convincingly justify their positions in complex cases.

Responsibility and autonomy: Students independently analyse and resolve more complex legal problems in property law and succession law in a comparative context. When developing solutions, they rely on relevant legal sources, case law and doctrinal approaches. They independently identify, critically evaluate and apply information from different legal systems and justify proposed legal conclusions. They also cooperate effectively in teams when addressing complex legal cases and professionally present their legal arguments.

ERDKAMP, Paul: Ancient Rome. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013.

FIENSY, David A., STRANGE, Riley J. 2014. Galilee in the Late Second Temple and Mishnaic Periods. USA: Fortress Press, 2014.

GARDNER, Jane F.: Women in Roman Law and Society. Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1986.

HORSLEY, Richard: Jesus and Empire. Minneapolis: Augsburg Fortress, 2003.

KLOPPENBORG, J. S., MARSHALL, John. 2005. Apocalypticism, Anti-Semitism and the Historical Jesus: Subtexts in Criticism. USA: Bloomsbury T&T Clark, 2005.

deLaine, J., Johnston, D. E.: Roman Baths and Bathing. Rhode Island: Thomson-Shore, 1999.

MATYSZAK, Philip: Gladiator. London: Thames & Hudson, 2011.

MATYSZAK, Philip: Legionary. London: Thames & Hudson, 2018.

MATYSZAK, Philip: 24 hours in Ancient Rome. London: Michael O'Mara Books Ltd, 2019.

RICHARDSON, John. Roman Provincial Administration. Eastbourne: Macmillan Education Ltd, 2001.

RÜPKE, Jörg: A Companion to Roman Religion. London: Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2007.

Continuous evaluation (100%): activity during seminars (10%), elaboration of assignment (90%).

Classification scale: A/1 = 91–100%; B/1,5 =81–90%; C/2 = 73–80%; D/2,5 = 66–72%; E: 60 – 65%, Fx: 0–59%.

The course is examined in part with the use of non-annotated legal regulations in accordance with the instructions of the instructor.

english

1. Introduction to Latin pronunciation and languages of the Roman Empire;

2. Roman kingdom;

3. Roman republic;

4. Principate;;

5. Dominate;

6. The fall of the Roman Empire and subsequent development;

7. Religion;

8. Administration and inhabitants;

9. Roman family and women;

10. Technological advancement;

11. Hygiene and medical care;

12. Games and fun;

13. Military;

14. Rome around us.

100/0

a) Knowledge: After the completion of the course, a student is able to orient themselves in the historical context of Roman law, including terms related to specific areas of Roman life and society. Student is acquainted with the problems of the development of the Roman state, the structure of its inhabitants, aspects of Roman culture and life.

b) Skills: A student can identify the place of Roman law in the life the Roman society and better understand the contexts of specific aspects of Roman law as a profile course within the study of law. Students can identify the stages of development of Roman society on a deeper level and understand the change from kingdom to republic and empire. The student knows the historical and cultural context of European society and understands the specifics of life in the ancient world, whether in the areas of the army, hygiene, religion, or technology.

c) Independence and responsibility: A student gains the ability to discern between various historical eras of the Roman state, gains general knowledge, and proper opinion on previous historical eras. Within the work during the course, the student is made to work independently as well as in groups, searching for relevant information that they need to summarize and present publicly relating to an assigned theme. Working in groups develops their sense of responsibility towards themselves and others since the group evaluation depends on the efforts of each member. In the work assignment also a practical and creative feature is included that forces the students to think of the real functioning of things, the aim of which is to provide students with space for a different type of activity than is usually expected of them as part of their studies, offering a form of psychohygiene.

Holland, J. - Webb, J.: Learning Legal Rules. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003.

Burnham, W.: Introduction to the Law and Legal System of the United States. St. Paul: West, 2006.

Basic knowledge of legal English.

Continuous assessment: based on written work with open questions according to the teacher's assignment (100%)

Grading scale: A/1 = 91–100%; B/1.5 = 81–90%; C/2 = 73–80%; D/2.5 = 66–72%; E/3 = 60–65%; FX = 0–59%.

The course is tested in part using the uncommented legislation according to the instructions of the teacher.

english

1. Cultural context of American law (including the function of US law in a liberal capitalist and predominantly Christian environment).

2. Historical context of American law (colonization, revolution, Hamilton/Jefferson problems, Civil War, territorial expansion, populism, industrialization, population migration and red state/blue state problems). Social problems and sustainability.

3. Common Law and its relationship to the commercial and cultural context in the USA. Sources of law. Function of the Constitution and the US Constitution.

4. The US judicial system.

5. Property rights (including intellectual property law)

6. Contract law. Law of Agency.

7. Civil tort law

8. Criminal law

9. Business corporations in the USA - Overview. Corporate Governance. Capital formation and regulation (public and private companies). Transfers of ownership in business law (including Private Equity and M&A transactions).

10. Regulatory environment. Administrative law and procedure. Labor law (including workplace safety and discrimination). Environmental regulation. Consumer protection (including food and drug regulations).

11. Commerce and Commercial Transactions. Basic Issues. Sales and Distribution. Contracts for the Sale of Goods (Domestic). Secured Transactions.

12. Creditor Rights and Bankruptcy.

13. Antitrust Law and Regulation. Cross-Border Transactions. Internet Regulation

100/0

Knowledge: Within the framework of the course, students deepen their knowledge of the functioning of the legal system in the United States of America, improve their work with precedents, as well as the specific methodology of lawyers from the Anglo-American legal family (common law), which is predominantly inductive (unlike the deductive method of formulating legal rules that prevails in continental Europe).

Skills: Upon completion of the course, students will have expanded their competence in legal English, as active participation in classes with an American lecturer and independent study of background materials provided by the lecturer will be required to pass the course. Students will also gain the ability to communicate more effectively with American lawyers.

Responsibility and independence: The main idea of the course is to provide students with an introduction to the structure and functioning of the legal system in the United States, with an emphasis on specific areas of law in which students express interest, with the possibility of direct transfer of practical knowledge and experience tailored to the requirements of students and the expertise of the foreign lecturer. Through group work in seminars, students are prepared to collaborate effectively with their peers in group projects, show respect for different opinions, and take responsibility for the results and fair distribution of group work.

1. GRAZIANO, T.: Comparative Contract Law: Cases, Materials and Exercises. London: Palgrave, 2009.

2. JANSEN, N., ZIMMERMANN, R. (eds.): Commentaries on European Contract Laws. Oxford: University Press, 2018.

3. von BAR, Ch., CLIVE, E., SCHULTE NOLKE, H. Principles, Definitions and Model Rules of European Private Law: Draft Common Frame of Reference (DCFR), 6 Volumes (Outline Edition). Munich: Sellier. European Law Publishers. 2009.

4. ZWEIGERT, K. - KÖTZ: An Introduction to Comparative Law. 3rd Ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998.

5. KNAPP, C. - CRYSTAL, N. - PRINCE, H.: Problems in Contract Law. Cases and Materials. Frederick: Aspen Publishers, 2007.

6. FARNSWORTH, E.A.: Contracts. 4th Edition. New York: Aspen Publishing, 2004.

7. KNAPP, C.L. – CRYSTAL, N.M. – PRINCE, H.G.: Problems in Contract Law. Cases and Materials. 6th Edition. New York: Aspen Publishing, 2007.

8. KNAPP, C.L. – CRYSTAL, N.M. – PRINCE, H.G.: Rules of Contract Law. 2011-2012. Statutory Supplement. New York: Aspen Publishing, 2011.

- Continuous assessment (PowerPoint presentation of selected issues, discussion of this presentation): 40%

- Final evaluation (preparation of a final written submission or case study): 60%

Classification scale: A / 1 = 91 - 100%; B / 1.5 = 81 - 90%; C / 2 = 73 - 80%; D / 2.5 = 66 - 72%; E / 3 = 60 - 65%; FX = 0 - 59%.

The course is tested in part using the uncommented legislation according to the instructions of the teacher.

English

1.   Introduction to the study - definition of the term obligation, reasons for the emergence of obligations in private law, an overview of the regulation of contract law in selected legal systems

2.  Europeanization of contract law

3.  Ability to enter into a contractual relationship, general restrictions on contractual freedom

4.  Representation, contracts for the benefit of a third party

5.  Origin of contracts - offer and acceptance, case, formal requirements

6.  Circumstances precluding the validity of the contract

7.  Typology of contracts and interpretation of contracts

8.  Consumer contracts, conditions in contractual relations

9.  Securing contractual relations I

10.  Securing contractual relations II

11.Changes in obligationsTermination of the contract I

12. Termination of the contract II

13. Final repetition

The legal systems subject to comparison include in particular: Germany, France, Hungary, Estonia, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Spain, Poland, Austria, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Ukraine, the common law system, and the case-law of the Court of Justice of the European Union.

40/60

Upon successful completion of the course, the student is able to understand the fundamental principles of the law of obligations in a comparative context, with particular emphasis on contractual obligations. The student is capable of identifying similarities and differences between individual legal systems, especially between the continental (civil law) and Anglo-American (common law) traditions, and of analysing their theoretical foundations. The course offers students an overview of contractual obligations not only in the main jurisdictions of Western civilization, i.e. within the continental and Anglo-American legal families, but also in the context of existing initiatives aimed at the unification of European contract law. Particular attention is devoted to the Principles of European Contract Law and the Common Frame of Reference, developed on the basis of comparative research by leading European scholars. The aim of the course is to develop the student’s ability to critically assess legal regulations, work with case law and scholarly literature in a foreign language, and apply the comparative method when solving legal problems. The course is taught using relevant legislation, model rules, case law, and practical case studies.

Knowledge:

The student:

• knows the basic concepts of the law of obligations in continental and common law systems

• understands the differences between contractual and non-contractual liability from a comparative perspective

• is familiar with the fundamental principles governing the creation, modification, and termination of obligations

• understands the significance of harmonisation and unification efforts in the field of the law of obligations

• knows the basic model rules and their importance for the development of European private law

Skills:

The student:

• is able to identify and analyse differences between the legal regulations of individual states

• applies the comparative method in solving practical cases

• works with legal texts and case law in a foreign language

• is able to formulate legal arguments in a comparative context

• can critically assess the advantages and limits of individual legal solutions

• prepares an academic text using comparative sources and proper citation

Responsibility and Autonomy:

In completing assignments, students work both individually and in groups. They independently analyse legal texts, case law, and scholarly literature, prepare comparative analyses, and actively participate in discussions and the resolution of model cases. Emphasis is placed on independent critical thinking, precise argumentation, and the ability to defend one’s own legal conclusions in academic discussion.

1. GRAZIANO, T.: Comparative Contract Law: Cases, Materials and Exercises. London: Palgrave, 2009.

2. ZWEIGERT, K. - KÖTZ: An Introduction to Comparative Law. 3rd Ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998.

3. KNAPP, C. - CRYSTAL, N. - PRINCE, H.: Problems in Contract Law. Cases and Materials. Frederick: Aspen Publishers, 2007.

4. ZIMMERMANN, R.: The Law of Obligations. Roman Foundations of the Civilian Tradition. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996.

5. KEETON, W.P. – DOBBS, D.B. – OWEN, D.G.: Prosser and Keeton on Torts. 5th Edition. St. Paul: West Group, 1984.

6. CHRISTIE, G.C. – MEEKS, J.E. – PRYOR, E.S. – SANDERS, J.: Cases and Materials on the Law of Torts. 4th Edition. St. Paul: West Group, 2004.

7. Principles of European Tort Law: Text and Commentary

- Continuous assessment (PowerPoint presentation of selected issues, discussion of this presentation): 40%

- Final evaluation (preparation of a final written submission or case study): 60%

Classification scale: A / 1 = 91 - 100%; B / 1.5 = 81 - 90%; C / 2 = 73 - 80%; D / 2.5 = 66 - 72%; E / 3 = 60 - 65%; FX = 0 - 59%.

The course is tested in part using uncommented legislation according to the instructions of the teacher.

English

1. Repetitorium of contract law

2. Selected contract types I

3. Selected contract types II

4. Selected contract types III

5. Selected contract types IV

6. Introduction to non-contractual obligations

7. Liability in private law (subjective, objective, absolute)

8. Pre-contractual liability

9. Liability - general requirements of the subject, responsibility for the actions of other persons, fault

10. Liability for damage - the concept of damage and damages, causal nexus

11. Liability - circumstances precluding liability, limitation of liability

12. Liability for defects / quality

13. Unjust enrichment

14. Final repetition

The legal systems subject to comparison include in particular: Germany, France, Hungary, Estonia, the Netherlands, Spain, Poland, Austria, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Ukraine, the common law system, and the case-law of the Court of Justice of the European Union.

40/60

The content of the course directly follows and develops the knowledge acquired in Comparative Obligations Law I. The aim of the course is to provide students with an overview of selected contractual types that are most frequently used in practice, not only in the principal jurisdictions of Western civilization, i.e. within the continental (civil law) and Anglo-American (common law) legal families, but also in a broader comparative context. Students will also become acquainted with the basic non-contractual obligations, arising in particular from damage caused, defective performance, and unjust enrichment. These institutes are examined both from a comparative perspective and with regard to the Principles of European Tort Law. The course further strengthens the ability to analyse specific contractual types and non-contractual liability regimes across different legal systems and to understand their systematic and functional differences.

Knowledge:

The student:

• knows the essential features of selected contractual types in continental and common law systems

• understands the structure and legal regulation of the most commonly used contracts in comparative perspective

• is familiar with the foundations of non-contractual obligations, especially liability for damage, defective performance, and unjust enrichment

• understands the main differences between contractual and tortious liability across legal systems

• knows the significance of the Principles of European Tort Law and other harmonisation efforts in European private law

Skills:

The student:

• is able to compare and analyse specific contractual types in different legal systems

• applies the comparative method to the assessment of contractual and non-contractual liability

• works with legislation, case law, and academic literature in a foreign language

• formulates structured legal arguments in relation to concrete contractual types and liability regimes

• critically evaluates different legal approaches to damage, defective performance, and unjust enrichment

• prepares an academic text based on comparative sources using proper citation.

Responsibility and Autonomy:

In completing assignments, students work both individually and in groups. They independently analyse legislation, case law, and scholarly literature, prepare comparative assessments of selected contractual types and non-contractual obligations, and actively participate in discussions and the resolution of practical cases. Emphasis is placed on independent critical thinking, precise legal reasoning, and the ability to defend well-founded legal conclusions in academic debate.

1. BOGDAN, M.: Private International Law As Component of the Law of the Forum : General Course. Hague: Brill, 2012

2. CARR, I.: International Trade Law.

3. FENTIMAN, R.: International commercial litigation. Oxford, 2010 Oxford University Press.

4. FERRARI, F. – LEIBLE, S.: Rome I Regulation: The Law Applicable to Contractual Obligations in Europe. Sellier, 2009

5. KUIPERS, J. J.: EU Law and Private International Law: The Interrelationship in Contractual Obligations. LEiden: Brill Nijhoff, 2012.

6. ROZEHNALOVÁ, N.– DRLIČKOVÁ, K. et al.: Czech Private International Law. 1st Edition. Brno: Masaryk University, Faculty of Law, 2015.

7. LYSINA, P. (ed.) Basic institutes of Slovak private international law. Bratislava (Slovensko) : Wolters Kluwer, 2023. – ISBN 978-80-571-0605-0

8. LYSINA, P., BURDOVÁ, K.: Slovak Republic. 1. vyd. Alphen aan den Rijn (Holandsko) : Wolters Kluwer. Kluwer Law International, 2023.SBN 978-90-411-1555-3.

9. LYSINA, P., BURDOVÁ, K., SLAŠŤAN, M.: Handbook for seminars of private international law. Bratislava (Slovensko) : Wolters Kluwer ; Univerzita Komenského v Bratislave. Právnická fakulta UK, 2023. 742 s. ISBN 978-80-571-0603-6

Assessment consists of a mid-term examination (40%) and a final examination (60%). The mid-term examination consists of a written theoretical test. The final examination is based on a simple case based examination.

Classification scale: A / 1 = 91 - 100%; B / 1.5 = 81 - 90%; C / 2 = 73 - 80%; D / 2.5 = 66 - 72%; E / 3 = 60 - 65%; FX = 0 - 59%.

The subject is tested using the uncommented legal regulations.

English

1. Introduction to private international law (concept and subject of MPSaP, foreign element, jurisdiction, applicable law, recognition and enforcement of foreign decisions)

2. Methods of solving private law relations with a foreign element (direct method, conflict method, other methods of solving private law relations with a foreign element - lex mercatoria, creation of substantive ad hoc norms)

3. Sources of private international law with special emphasis on the interrelationship of sources of private international law (in particular the CISG, the Rome I Regulation, national rules, bilateral legal aid agreements)

4. Personal status of MPS I. - personal status of a natural person and personal status of a legal entity

5. Personal status of MPS II. - personal status of a natural person and personal status of a legal entity, a foreign person

6. Contractual obligations in international trade - sale and sale transactions - Application of the CISG, exclusion of the CISG, gaps in the CISG and methods of filling them

7. Contractual obligations in international trade II.

8. Contractual obligations in international trade III.

9. Scope of the Rome I Regulation, choice of law in the context of the Rome I Regulation, limitations of the applicable law chosen, impact of the choice of court on the choice of law

10. Rome I Regulation - methods of determining the applicable law in the absence of a choice of law, mandatory rules, public policy reservation

11. Introduction to dispute resolution in international trade (court dispute resolution, arbitration, mediation)

12. Dispute resolution in international trade II.

13. EU common commercial policy (EU competence, instruments - tariffs, quotas, imports into the EU, exports from the EU, areas of special regulation, safeguard measures, contractual instruments of the common commercial policy

40/60

Knowledge: the student has a systematic overview and basic orientation in the field of the basicinstitutes of private international law, including its sources, peculiarities and its relationship to other branches. The student understand the system of rules and statutes of private international law

Skills: the student can solve simple case studies focused on private international law, distinguisha purely national legal relationship from a legal relationship with links to several legal orders, elaborate a simple legal analysis.

Responsibility and independence: The student can make recommendations on the basic institutesof private international law.

1. GOODE, R: Transnational commercial law. 2nd edition, Oxford: 2012

2. CARR, I.: Interantional trade law. 5th edition, 2014

Continuous assessment: seminar activity, case study analysis, legal assignments – 40%

Final evaluation: oral examination (model case preparation and oral discussion) – 60%

Classification scale: A / 1 = 91 - 100%; B / 1.5 = 81 - 90%; C / 2 = 73 - 80%; D / 2.5 = 66 - 72%; E / 3 = 60 - 65%; FX = 0 - 59%.

The course is examined with the possibility of using non-annotated legislation and other legal sources in accordance with the instructions of the lecturer.

English

1. Purchase contract in international trade - direct method of legal regulation according to the Vienna Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods - pre-consensual stage of the purchase contract, the process of concluding the purchase contract and concluding the purchase contract

2. Vienna Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods - Basic obligations of the seller and the buyer

3. Vienna Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods - other rights and obligationsof the contracting parties

4. Vienna Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods - Rights and ObligationsRelated to Damages

5. Vienna Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods - other issues related to thepurchase of goods (passage of the risk of accidental destruction and destruction of goods, threat to performance, material effects of the contract)

6. Financial transactions in international trade - interstate regulation of payment system, private lawregulation of payment system, means of payment and their division,

7. Securing commitments in international trade

8. Securing commitments in international trade

9. Insurance contracts in international trade

10. Contracts in International Transport I

11, Contracts in international transport II

12. INCOTERMS clauses I

13. INCOTERMS clauses II

40/60

a) Knowledge

After completing the course, the student will understand the system of legal relations and sources governing international trade. The student will gain a comprehensive overview of national, international and institutional regulation of international trade law, including WTO, EU and OECD frameworks. The student will be able to identify cross-border elements of international commercial transactions and explain their legal implications.

b) Skills

The student will acquire the ability to analyse disputes and legal issues arising in international commercial practice, particularly with regard to applicable law, jurisdiction, recognition and enforcement of decisions, sanctions, and validity of contracts. The student will be able to apply relevant legal rules to specific factual scenarios and solve model case studies in the field of international trade.

c) Responsibility and independence

The student is capable of independently proposing appropriate legal solutions to commercial or financial transactions involving an international element and formulating basic legal recommendations for business practice. The student will take into account mandatory and non-mandatory rules, EU law and private international law aspects when assessing complex legal situations.

DEVIATNIKOVAITÉ, I. (eds.): Comparative Administrative Law Perspectives from Central and Eastern Europe. Routledge, 2026.

EU Administrative Law (Elgar European Law series). by Diana-Urania Galetta (Author), Jacques Ziller (Author) 2024, ISBN: 978 1 80037 574 1

Paul Craig, EU Administrative Law, Oxford: Oxford University Press 2018, 3rd edition, ISBN 9780198831648, xcv + 836 pp.

Comparative Administrative Law, 4th ed. Administrative Law of the European Union, Its Member States and the United States Book

4th edition 2018

United Kingdom

René Seerden

POMAHAČ, Richard a Jakub HANDRLICA. Evropské správní právo. Vyd. 1. V Praze: C.H. Beck, 2012,  ISBN: 978-80-7400-437-7

VRABKO, M. a kol. Správne právo procesné. Všeobecná časť. Bratislava : C. H. Beck, 2019

VRABKO, M. a kol. Správne právo hmotné. Všeobecná časť. Bratislava : C. H. Beck, 2025

Continuous assessment: seminar work, written work 100%

The evaluation consists of two parts:

Active participation during the seminar - During the semester, the students shall solve cases and prepare the presentations on the topics related to the seminars provided by the lecturer. Students can get a maximum of 50 points = 50 percent for the active participation during the seminars.

Exam essay - The second part of the course evaluation is an essay written on one of the topics provided by the lecturer.

Students can get for the exam a maximum 50 points = 50 percent.

Classification scale: A/1 = 91 – 100 %; B/1,5 = 81 – 90 %; C/2 = 73 – 80 %; D/2,5 = 66 – 72 %; E/3 = 61 – 65 %; FX = 0 – 60 %.

English

1. Introduction to EU Administrative Law

2. EU Administrative Law and European Administrative Law

3. EU Administrative Law and European Administrative Space

4. EU Administrative Law and national administrative law of the EU Member States

5. Sources of EU administrative law

6. Principles of EU administrative law

7. EU institutions, bodies, offices and agencies

8. European commission: the organizational structure and activities

9. EU regulatory agencies

10. EU administrative procedure and the right to good administration

11. European Ombudsman

12. Alternative resolution of administrative disputes in the EU

13. Administrative justice in the EU

14. State responsibility in the EU

Learning outcomes:

After completing the course, the student gains a comprehensive view of selected topics from EU administrative law.

a) Knowledge:

The student has a broad knowledge of the administrative law of the European Union.

b) Skills:

The student is able to solve case studies focused on procedural aspects of EU administrative law, but always also with regard to substantive law.

The student is able to identify, find and interpret relevant legislation, jurisprudence, legal doctrine and other legal information, and based on this, make informed decisions that also take into account social, scientific and ethical aspects within EU administrative law; he also masters the methods of interpretation and application of legal norms and ascertainment of the facts.

The student is oriented in the systems and methods of obtaining legally relevant information (legal regulations and related documents, decisions of courts and administrative bodies, professional and scientific legal literature), while being able to obtain and apply legal information comparatively from several legal systems, as well as from administrative law of the European Union and can communicate concepts, problems and solutions based on this; at the same time, it can also be about applying this information in practice or about solving a partial task that is related to the student's future focus.

The student is able to think analytically and synthetically in the focal legal branches of the national legal order, specifically and in depth in individual areas of administrative law, while at the same time being able to comparatively connect the synthesized knowledge with knowledge of the focal legal branches of other states as well as the administrative law of the European Union; based on this, he can propose innovative and practical procedures and solutions to complex and unpredictable problems.

c) Responsibility and independence:

The student is able to perform specialized preparatory and final work within legal positions of the public sector, within national and multinational corporations or national and international governmental and non-governmental organizations;

The student is able to manage complex activities or projects related to the area of EU administrative law at several levels of the legal order as well as across legal systems, bear responsibility for decision-making in an unpredictable work or study environment and take responsibility for managing the professional development of individuals and groups.

The student has the ability to critically evaluate the relevance of legal information and data and, on this basis, make socially responsible and moral decisions in the area of EU administrative law.

MAREČEK, L., GOLOVKO, L. Public International Law Coursebook. Bratislava: Wolters Kluwer, 360 s.

KELSEN, Hans. General theory of law and state. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1945. 516 s.

DORSEN, Norman, ROSENFELD, Michel, SAJÓ, András (et al.) Comparative constitutionalism. Cases and materials. St. Paul: West Group, 2003. 1384 s., ISBN 0-314-24248-1

FLEINER, Thomas, BASTA FLEINER L. R. Constitutional democracy in a multicultural and globalised world. Berlin: Springer, 2009, 670 s., ISBN 978-3-540-76411-3

SAJÓ, András, ROSENFELD, Michel. The Oxford handbook of comparative constitutional law. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012. 1396 s., ISBN 978-0-19-957861-0

KROŠLÁK, Daniel. Introduction to the Slovak constitutional system. Praha: Leges, 2013. 192 s. ISBN 978-80-87576-97-7

KROŠLÁK, Daniel. Theory of State and Law. Trnava: Trnavská univerzita v Trnave, Právnická fakulta, 2013. 104 s. ISBN 978-80-8082-705-2

SHAW, N. Malcolm. International law. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2017. 1033 s., ISBN 978-1-316-63853-8

HENKIN, Louis et al. International law, cases and materials. St. Paul: West Publishing Company, 1993. 1596 s., ISBN 0-314-02272-4

CASSESE, Antonio. International law. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005. 558 s., ISBN 978-0-19-925939-7

CRAWFORD, James: Brownlie's Principles of Public International Law (8th edn), Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012.

HUQ, Aziz. The Rule of Law. A Very Short Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press 2024. ISBN 9780197657423

Continuous assessment: written examination, essay writing, seminar activity 50 %

Final evaluation: oral exam 50 %

Classification scale: (A/1 = 91–100%; B/1,5 =81–90%; C/2 = 73–80%; D/2,5 = 66–72%; E: 60– 65%, Fx: 0–59%).

The course is tested in part using the uncommented legislation according to the instructions of the teacher.

English

1. State and law (theories, concepts, relationship)

2. Basic features of the state and form of state

3. Power, authority and law

4. Citizen and state (civil society, civil disobedience...)

5. Democracy and the rule of law

6. Law and politics

7. Pluralism and globalisation in law

8. International law - concept, subject and place in the system of law

9. The relationship between national and international law

10. International treaty as a source of international law

11. Other sources of international law

12. The state as a subject of international law

13. Other subjects of international law

50/50

a) Knowledge: After completing the course, the student will be able to understand and navigate the fundamental concepts and institutes of the theory of state and international law. They will gain a comprehensive understanding of the theory of state and international law, including the terminological and legal-political context. The student will become acquainted with both the theoretical and practical dimensions of the sources of law, lawmaking, and the implementation of law (with a particular focus on the sources of international law). They will also understand the role of international law within its broader context, including its sources, subjects, and issues related to non-compliance.

b) Skills: The student will acquire the ability to navigate the complex relationship between the state, civil society, and the citizen, to identify problematic aspects of this relationship, to articulate them, and to present various perspectives on it. The student will be able to describe and explain the importance of the principles of democracy and the rule of law. They will gain deeper insight into different forms of civil dissent (e.g., the right of resistance, civil disobedience, conscientious objection, etc.). The student will be able to interpret the institutes of (especially international) law using basic methods of interpretation. They will also be able to solve simple case studies focusing on the theory of the state and international law.

c) Responsibility and independence: The student is capable of critically addressing both theoretical and practical legal issues occurring in the theory of state and international law and making decisions that are socially acceptable, fair, and moral. During seminar exercises, the student is required to independently seek out key information, analyse and compare it, and present it publicly, thereby fostering their independence. Additionally, students are encouraged to collaborate in teams, which supports the development of their social responsibility.

ZWEIGERT, K. - KÖTZ: An Introduction to Comparative Law. 3rd Ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998.

STEINER, E.: French Law. A Comparative Approach. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010

ALPA, G. – ZENO-ZENCOVICH, V.: Italian Private Law. New York: Routledge, 2007.

FOSTER, N. – SULE, S.: German Legal System and Laws (German Legal System & Laws). Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010

PALMER, V. V. – MATTAR, M. – KOPPEL, A.: Mixed Legal Systems, East and West. New York: Routledge, 2016.

MOUSOURAKIS, G.: Comparative Law and Legal Traditions. Historical and Contemporary Perspectives. Cham: Springer, 2019.

Student has a basic overview of legal systems (geographical location, form of government, international status, etc.).

The student can work independently with primary and secondary sources

Continuous assessment will constitute 100% of the final assessment.

1. 20% of the assessment will be awarded based on the test conducted at the end of the lecturing part of the semester;

2. 30% of the assessment will be awarded based on the evaluation of in-class activity, solving written and group assignments and practical tasks directly during sessions;

3. 50% of the assessment will be awarded based on the preparation of a comparative analysis on a selected topic and its oral presentation.

Classification scale: A/1 = 91 – 100%; B/1.5 = 81 – 90%; C/2 = 73 – 80%; D/2.5 = 66 – 72%; E/3 = 60 – 65%; FX = 0 – 59%.

The course is examined using unannotated legal regulations and case law, in accordance with the instructor’s instructions.

English

Students work together to select topics to be covered during the semester. For topics 3-13, students have the opportunity to choose specific legal systems within individual legal traditions they want to learn about in more detail:

1. Comparative law (comparison in law) – concept, subject, methods, utilization

2. Legal tradition, legal culture and legal families

3. Roman legal tradition – French concept of private law

4. Germanic legal tradition – Austrian concept of private law

5. Germanic legal tradition – German and Swiss concept of private law

6. Continental law in Latin American countries

7. Continental law in Asian legal systems

8. The form of Anglo-American law in the United Kingdom

9. Anglo-American law in the conditions of the USA

10. Anglo-American law in the conditions of the Commonwealth states

11. Hybrid legal systems – concept, development and tendencies

12. Hybrid legal systems – indigenous, customary and religious law

13. African legal traditions

14. Presentations of comparative analyses

100/0

a) Knowledge: Student has a basic overview of the methods of comparative law and the institutes of private law particularly within the main jurisdictions of the Western civilization, i.e. in the continental European and Anglo-American legal families. The student is familiar with various culturally and historically diverse approaches to solving a certain legal problem and their justification.

b) Skills: Student is able to apply comparative methods in practice, identify, analyse and compare the tendencies of the development of selected private law branches and their institutes in selected legal systems. The student is able to critically examine the approaches of selected legal systems to the legal regulation of a certain institute.

c) Responsibility and independence: Student is able to create a written work on a selected professional topic based on comparative analysis and defend the results of this work, while allowed the greatest possible level of independence in choosing and processing the topic.

KROLL, S. -- LEW, J D M. -- MISTELIS, L A. Comparative International Commercial Arbitration. The Hague: Kluwer law International, 2003.

RUBINO-SAMMARTANO, M.: International Arbitration Law and Practice. The Hague: Kluwer Law International, 2001.

BORN, G. B.: International Arbitration: Law and Practice 2nd Edition. Wolters Kluwer 2015

MCLACHLAN, C. – SHORE, L. – WEINIGER, M.: International Investment Arbitration: Substantive Principles. 2nd Edition, Oxford University Press, 2 edition, 2017

MOSES, L. M. : The Principles and Practice of International Commercial Arbitration. 3rd Edition. Cambridge University Press 2017,

BERMANN, G. A.: International Arbitration and Private International Law. Martinus Nijhoff, 2017.

Continuous assessment: 10% (continuous assessment consists of participation in seminars, solving case studies, and preparing legal analyses as assigned)

Final assessment: 90% (an oral examination consisting of the preparation of a model case and an oral discussion of it)

Grading scale: A/1 = 91–100%; B/1.5 = 81–90%; C/2 = 73–80%; D/2.5 = 66–72%; E/3 = 60–65%; FX = 0–59%.

During the examination, the student may use all available sources of legal information, in particular unconsolidated legal texts, commentaries, case law, legal literature, and legal information systems.

English

1. Alternative dispute resolution

2. Arbitration in international trade, arbitration in domestic trade, permanent international arbitration courts, procedural rules

3. Basic concepts and institutes of arbitration

4. Sources of arbitration proceedings

5. Arbitration agreement

6. Arbitrator, permanent arbitral tribunal

7. Applicable law in arbitration proceedings

8. Specifics of arbitration proceedings in comparison with civil proceedings before national courts.

9. Initiation of arbitration proceedings and the course of arbitration proceedings

10. Arbitration decision, cancellation of arbitration decision

11. Recognition and enforcement of a foreign arbitration award

12. The relationship between arbitral tribunals and general courts, INCOTERMS I.

13. UNCITRAL International Arbitration Rules. International arbitration in the WTO decision -making mechanism, INCOTERMS II.

10/90

(a) Knowledge:

The student is oriented to the issues of international commercial arbitration. The student has a systematic overview and basic orientation in the field of legal regulation of international arbitral proceedings, including national legislation, international conventions and institutional arbitration rules. The student understands the fundamental institutions of arbitration, in particular the arbitration agreement, the position of the arbitrator, the applicable law, the arbitral award and the conditions for its recognition and enforcement.

(b) Skills:

The student can solve more complex case studies focused on international commercial arbitration and can correctly apply the relevant legal rules to specific arbitral disputes. The student is able to assess the suitability of arbitration for resolving a commercial dispute and to formulate the basic elements of an arbitration clause. The student can apply the rules concerning recognition and enforcement of arbitral awards in practical situations brought by legal practice.

(c) Responsibility and independence:

The student can make recommendations on how to resolve commercial disputes with an international element through arbitration. The student is able to independently assess the procedural implications of arbitration and to propose appropriate solutions in accordance with the applicable legal framework. Teaching also takes into account the requirements of practical application in the areas of the judiciary, public prosecution and legal professions supervised by the Ministry of Justice of the Slovak Republic.

1. ŠKRINÁR – NEVOLNÁ – KVOKAČKA: Fundamentals of Slovak Commercial Law (Slovak Company law), Aleš Čeněk, 2009.

2. PATAKYOVÁ et al. Company Law and Law on Cooperatives – General introduction to the topic and definition of basic terms, Bratislava : Univerzita Komenského v Bratislave, Právnická fakulta, 2019.

3. MAYSON – FRENCH – RYAN: Company Law (UK Company law), Derek French 2023.

4. CAHN – DONALD: Comparative company law, Oxford, 2023.

5. RIDLEY – SHEPHERD: Company law (Key Facts, Key Cases), Routledge (Taylor and Francis Group), 2015.

6. European Model Company Act.

7. Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union.

8. Slovak Act No. 513/1991 Coll. Commercial Code.

9. UK Companies Act 2006.

Continuous assessment: 100% (active participation in seminars or written assignments during the seminar or presentation of case studies (40%); preparation of the final case study (60%)) Final assessment:

Classification scale: A / 1 = 91 - 100%; B / 1.5 = 81 - 90%; C / 2 = 73 - 80%; D / 2.5 = 66 - 72%; E / 3 = 60 - 65%; FX = 0 - 59%

The subject is partially examined using unannotated legal regulations according to the lecturer’s instructions.

English

1. Company law and sources of company law

2. Entrepreneurial (business) activity, entrepreneur (business owner), enterprise

3. Business name and trade secret

4. Legal personality of companies, group of companies

5. Creation of companies and purpose of their creation

6. Defining characteristics of a company

7. Partnership and Limited partnership

8. Limited liability company 1

9. Limited liability company 2

10. Joint stock company / Public limited company

11. Developing the skills needed for written submissions and oral interaction

12. Honing students' oral interaction with teachers and classmates

13. Preparation of final assignment - case study

100/0

The course Comparative Company Law in the Context of the EU Law provides students with a comprehensive understanding of company law through the analysis and comparison of different legal systems. It covers fundamental topics such as the sources of company law, the legal personality of companies, corporate governance structures, and various forms of business entities, including partnerships, limited partnerships, limited liability companies, and joint-stock companies. Students will acquire key legal concepts and regulatory frameworks based on Slovak, UK and EU company law, developing critical thinking skills essential for assessing corporate structures and legal compliance across different jurisdictions.

The course further explores the formation and purpose of business entities, trade names, trade secrets, and the role of company law in business activities. Through case studies and comparative analysis, students will gain practical insights into the challenges and opportunities faced by business entities in diverse legal environments. This approach enhances their ability to navigate complex legal issues in the international business landscape. Additionally, the course equips students with the knowledge and skills necessary for practical application in their professional careers.

Knowledge:

Students can identify and analyse the sources of company law in various legal systems, particularly in Slovak, UK and EU law. They understand fundamental company law principles, the legal personality of companies, and corporate governance. They are able to characterize different types of business entities, including partnerships, limited partnerships, limited liability companies and joint-stock companies. Additionally, they have a thorough understanding of the legal aspects of company formation and purpose, as well as issues related to trade names and trade secrets.

Skills:

Students can address legal issues related to company law using a comparative approach within the context of EU law. They are capable of analysing and comparing legal frameworks of selected corporate institutions across different jurisdictions.

Responsibility and Independence:

Students can independently identify legal issues in company law, propose appropriate solutions, and formulate legal arguments within a comparative approach within the context of EU law. They are able to work autonomously with legal regulations and apply their knowledge in preparing legal documents, analyses and case studies. Moreover, they can effectively communicate and defend their legal opinions in both academic and professional settings

1. ŠKRINÁR – NEVOLNÁ – KVOKAČKA: Fundamentals of Slovak Commercial Law (Slovak Company law), Aleš Čeněk, 2009.

2. PATAKYOVÁ et al. Company Law and Law on Cooperatives – General introduction to the topic and definition of basic terms, Bratislava : Univerzita Komenského v Bratislave, Právnická fakulta, 2019.

3. MAYSON – FRENCH – RYAN: Company Law (UK Company law), Derek French 2023.

4. CAHN – DONALD: Comparative company law, Oxford, 2023.

5. RIDLEY – SHEPHERD: Company law (Key Facts, Key Cases), Routledge (Taylor and Francis Group), 2015.

6. European Model Company Act.

7. Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union.

8. Slovak Act No. 513/1991 Coll. Commercial Code.

9. UK Companies Act 2006.

Continuous assessment: 100% (active participation in seminars or written assignments during the seminar or presentation of case studies (40%); preparation of the final case study (60%)) Final assessment:

Classification scale: A / 1 = 91 - 100%; B / 1.5 = 81 - 90%; C / 2 = 73 - 80%; D / 2.5 = 66 - 72%; E / 3 = 60 - 65%; FX = 0 - 59%

The subject is partially examined using unannotated legal regulations according to the lecturer’s instructions.

english

1. Company law and sources of company law

2. Entrepreneurial (business) activity, entrepreneur (business owner), enterprise

3. Business name and trade secret

4. Legal personality of companies, group of companies

5. Creation of companies and purpose of their creation

6. Defining characteristics of a company

7. Partnership and Limited partnership

8. Limited liability company 1

9. Limited liability company 2

10. Joint stock company / Public limited company

11. Developing the skills needed for written submissions and oral interaction

12. Honing students' oral interaction with teachers and classmates

13. Preparation of final assignment - case study

100/0

The course Comparative Company Law in the Context of the EU Law provides students with a comprehensive understanding of company law through the analysis and comparison of different legal systems. It covers fundamental topics such as the sources of company law, the legal personality of companies, corporate governance structures, and various forms of business entities, including partnerships, limited partnerships, limited liability companies, and joint-stock companies. Students will acquire key legal concepts and regulatory frameworks based on Slovak, UK, German and EU company law, developing critical thinking skills essential for assessing corporate structures and legal compliance across different jurisdictions.

The course further explores the formation and purpose of business entities, trade names, trade secrets, and the role of company law in business activities. Through case studies and comparative analysis, students will gain practical insights into the challenges and opportunities faced by business entities in diverse legal environments. This approach enhances their ability to navigate complex legal issues in the international business landscape. Additionally, the course equips students with the knowledge and skills necessary for practical application in their professional careers.

Knowledge:

Students can identify and analyse the sources of company law in various legal systems, particularly in Slovak, UK and EU law. They understand fundamental company law principles, the legal personality of companies, and corporate governance. They are able to characterize different types of business entities, including partnerships, limited partnerships, limited liability companies and joint-stock companies. Additionally, they have a thorough understanding of the legal aspects of company formation and purpose, as well as issues related to trade names and trade secrets.

Skills:

Students can address legal issues related to company law using a comparative approach within the context of EU law. They are capable of analysing and comparing legal frameworks of selected corporate institutions across different jurisdictions.

Responsibility and Independence:

Students can independently identify legal issues in company law, propose appropriate solutions, and formulate legal arguments within a comparative approach within the context of EU law. They are able to work autonomously with legal regulations and apply their knowledge in preparing legal documents, analyses and case studies. Moreover, they can effectively communicate and defend their legal opinions in both academic and professional settings

Tomas Vesting: State Theory and the Law, An Introduction. UK: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2022

Mark Tushnet, et al.: Routledge Handbook of Constitutional Law. Routledge, 2013, 2021

Vicki C. Jackson, Mark V. Tushnet: Comparative Constitutional Law, 2nd Ed. (University Casebook Series), 2. prepracované vydanie, Foundation Press, 2006

Aalt Willem Heringa, Philipp Kiiver: Constitutions Compared: An Introduction to Comparative Constitutional Law (Ius Commune Europaeum), 3. vydanie, Intersentia; 2012

Michel Rosenfeld and András Sajó (edt.): The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Constitutional Law, Oxford, U.K.: Oxford University Press, 2012.

Erwin Chemerinsky: Constitutional Law Third Edition(Kindle Edition), 3. prepracované vydanie,Aspen Publishers, 2009

John Bell: Judiciaries within Europe: A Comparative Review, Cambridge Studies in International and Comparative Law 47, Cambridge University Press, 2010

Tom Ginsburg, Rosalind Dixon (edt.): Comparative Constitutional Law; Research Handbooks in Comparative Law Series, Cheltenham, UK ; Northampton, Edward Elgar Publishing, 2011

40% – Oral presentation of the student’s research project on a topic within the field of Theory of the State and Constitutional Law.

60% – Written examination. The examination is conducted partially with the use of unannotated legislation, in accordance with the instructor’s instructions.

Grading Scale: A (1) = 91–100%; B (1.5) = 81–90%; C (2) = 73–80%; D (2.5) = 66–72%; E (3) = 60–65%; FX (fail) = 0–59%.

english

1. Introduction to the Subject: Course Information, Objectives, and Methodology of Theory of the State and Comparative Constitutional Law

2. The State: Concept, Characteristics, Historical Development, and Constituent Elements

3. The Constitution: Features, Functions, Types of Constitutions, and the Material Core of the Constitution

4. The Nature and Development of Constitutionalism; Constitution-Making and Constitutional Amendment; Legitimacy of Power

5. The Constitutional Status of the Individual (Human Rights and Freedoms; The Proportionality Test)

6. Forms of Government

7. Federalism and Autonomy (Territorial Organisation of the State)

8. Referendum as a Form of Direct Democracy: Advantages and Risks

9. The Legislative Branch from a Comparative Perspective

10. The Executive Branch from a Comparative Perspective

11. Elections and Electoral Systems within the Constitutional Framework

12. Constitutional Adjudication from a Comparative Perspective

13. Written Examination

40/60

Knowledge: Upon completion of the course, the student acquires knowledge in the field of Theory of the State and selected institutions and issues of comparative constitutional law. The student is able to identify differences in the regulation of state power, mechanisms of control of political power, the concept of the rule of law, and selected questions relating to the organisation of state authority, statehood, and the pursuit of the public interest or the interests of individuals within selected constitutional systems. The course begins with an in-depth examination of core theoretical topics, such as the concept and forms of the constitution, the material core of the constitution, constitutional identity, federalism, and the constitutional status of the individual. It then proceeds to a more detailed analysis of selected constitutional systems, focusing on their contemporary approaches to regulating key constitutional institutions.

Skills: The student gains a systematic overview of the fundamental concepts of selected constitutional systems, including their underlying principles and legal sources. The student is able to critically assess differences between selected constitutional models and evaluate their impact on the functioning of the rule of law. The course thereby contributes to the development of independent legal reasoning in the fields of Theory of the State and comparative constitutional law.

Responsibility and autonomy: The student is capable of independent critical thinking and of articulating well-reasoned positions on constitutional dilemmas and issues, supported by relevant legal and theoretical arguments.

1. Baláž, P., Vráblová M., a kol.: Introduction to Slovak Substantive Criminal Law. Aleš Čenek : Praha, 2011

2. Penal Code, Praha : Wolters Kluwer, 2011

3. Penal Code, Bratislava : Iura Edition, 2012

4. Jalč, A. a kol.: Fundamentals of Procedural Criminal Law. Praha : Aleš Čenek, 2011

5. Code of Criminal Procedure, Praha : Wolters Kluwer, 2012

6. Schloenhardt, A., Höpfel, F. & Eder, J., Strafgesetzbuch: Austrian Criminal Code, 2. Aufl. Wien: Neuer Wissenschaftlicher Verlag (NWV), 2021

7. Schloenhardt/Eder (Hrsg): Strafprozessordnung: Austrian Code of Criminal Procedure, Wien: Neuer Wissenschaftlicher Verlag (NWV), 2024

8. Lorena Bachmaier Winter, Antonio del Moral Garcia: Criminal Law in Spain, Third edition, Wolters Kluwer, 2020

9. Wojciech Jasinski, Karolina Kremens: Criminal Law in Poland, Wolters Kluwer, 2019

10. Jarosław Zagrodnik and Kazimierz Zgryzek: Principles of Polish Criminal Procedure, HART PUBLISHING, London, 2023

11. Criminal Procedures (N 2341-III), Criminal Code of Ukraine, as consolidated in 2010

Interim evaluation: solving case studies, preparing legal analyses and their presenting, participation in discussions during exercises, interim tests (40%)

Final evaluation: oral exam in the form of a combination of theoretical questions and solving model case studies using uncommented legal acts (60%)

The evaluation is performed using uncommented legal acts.

Classification scale: A/1 = 91–100%; B/1.5 =81–90%; C/2 = 73–80%; D/2.5 = 66–72%; E: 60–65%, Fx: 0–59%.

english

Comparative interpretation by comparing the legal systems of the Republic of Austria, Poland, Spain and Ukraine on relevant topics:

1. Basic principles of criminal law

2. Criminal offense and its definition, types of criminal offenses, comparison with misdemeanors and other administrative offenses

3. Fundamentals of criminal responsibility (age, sanity, fault)

4. Circumstances precluding the unlawfulness of an act

5. The system of sanctions in criminal law (emphasis on imprisonment - conditional and unconditional and alternative sentences)

6. Criminal liability of legal entities

7. Basic principles of criminal procedure (division, meaning, connection with international documents and constitutional dimension)

8. Subjects of criminal proceedings (accused, defense attorney, injured party, police officer, prosecutor, court)

9. Evidence in criminal proceedings (with emphasis on interrogations and expert witness work)

10. Detention institutes in criminal proceedings with an emphasis on the detention of persons (with an emphasis on custody and detention, in the case of the seizure of objects, also the seizure of objects, house searches, searches of other premises and land)

11. Decisions in criminal proceedings (resolution, judgment, criminal order, command and their analogous equivalents in the compared legal systems)

12. Preparatory proceedings (with emphasis on the form of preparatory proceedings and their differences - investigation and short investigation, entities conducting the investigation and short investigation, duration, types of decisions issued in the preparatory proceedings, course and termination of the preparatory proceedings)

13. Proceedings before the court (stages of the court proceedings, specifics of evidence before the court, special forms of proceedings before the court, e.g. plea bargaining proceedings, court decisions)

40/60

A) Knowledge: The student has basic knowledge of selected substantive and procedural institutes in criminal law and of the principles that apply in the criminal law of the Slovak Republic, the Republic of Austria, Poland, Spain and Ukraine. The student is able to understand the differences in criminal law institutes in selected legal systems. In substantive law, he is able to understand in particular the principles of substantive criminal law, definitions of a crime and types of crimes, the foundations of criminal liability, circumstances excluding the illegality of an act, types of sanctions and criminal liability of legal entities. In procedural law, he is able to understand in particular the principles of criminal procedure, subjects participating in individual proceedings, means of evidence, securing institutes, decisions issued in criminal proceedings and individual stages of criminal proceedings.

B) Skills: The student is able to identify the differences between selected legal systems and identify the positives and negatives of individual legal regulations based on comparisons and selected examples from the work, while being able to apply selected institutes of substantive and procedural criminal law in their basic features to the situation that has arisen within the framework of the legal system in question.

C) Responsibility and independence: The student is qualified to provide advice and analytical outputs within the framework of comparative criminal law institutes. He is able to independently suggest the suitability of the selection of the relevant legal order for solving selected criminal law situations and recommend mechanisms applicable to given cases in practice.

BOELE-WOELKI, K., DETHLOFF, N., GEPHART, W. (ED.): European Family Law in Action. Volume V - Informal Relationships, Intressentia, 2015.

BOELE-WOELKI, K., DETHLOFF, N., GEPHART, W. (ED.): Family Law and Culture in Europe, Intersentia, 2019.

HARRIS-SHORT, S., MILES, J., GEORGE, R.: Family Law: Text, Cases and Materials 4th ed., Oxford University Press, 2019.

CHOUDHRY, S., HERRING, J.: The Cambridge Companion to Comparative Family Law. Cambridge University Press, 2019.

SCHERPE, J.M.: The Present and Future of European Family Law. Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd, 2016.

BRADLEY, D.: A Note on Comparative Family Law: Problems, Perspectives, Issues and Politics, Oxford U Comparative L Forum 4, 2005, https://ouclf.iuscomp.org/a-note-on- comparative-family-law-problems-perspectives-issues-and-politics/

OLIPHANT, K., PINGHUA, Z., LEI, CH.(ed.): The Legal Protection of Personality Rights. Brill Nijhoff, 2018.

NEETHLING, J.: Recognition and Protection of Personality Rights: Classification and Typology. In: Journal of European Tort Law. Published Online: 2018-12-21. DOI: https:// doi.org/10.1515/jetl-2018-0113.

BRIIGGEMEIER,G., COLOMBI-CIACCHI, A., O'CALLAGHAN, P.: Personality Rights in European Tort Law. Cambridge University Press, 2010.

The continuous evaluation will make up 40% of the final evaluation, the final evaluation 60% of the final evaluation.

Continuous assessment: 40% - oral presentation of an assigned topic

Final evaluation: 60% - written exam consisting of the elaboration of a model case

Classification scale: A / 1 = 91 - 100%; B / 1.5 = 81 - 90%; C / 2 = 73 - 80%; D / 2.5 = 66 - 72%; E / 3 = 60 - 65%; FX = 0 - 59%.

The course is tested in part using the uncommented legislation according to the instructions of the teacher.

english

Comparative analysis through the comparison of legal systems of Belgium, France, Greece, Germany, Italy, Spain, Poland, Austria, Ireland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, the United States, and Ukraine; case law of the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) – on the relevant topics:

1. Introduction to Comparative Family Law

2. Legally Recognised Relationships in Family Law – Formation

3. Invalid and Non-Existent Marriage and Other Legally Recognised Relationships

4. Legally Recognised Relationships in Family Law – Dissolution

5. Property Relations Between Subjects of Family Law

6. Legal Relations Between Parents and Children – Determination of Maternity

7. Legal Relations Between Parents and Children – Determination of Paternity

8. Rights and Obligations Between Parents and Children, Parental Responsibility

9. Rights of the Child

10. Interventions in the Exercise of Parental Rights and Duties

11. Maintenance Obligation

12. Adoption

13. Selected topics

The legal systems subject to comparison include in particular: Belgium, France, Greece, Germany, Italy, Spain, Poland, Austria, Ireland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, the United States, Ukraine, as well as the case-law of the European Court of Human Rights.

40/60

The student, within the course, acquires a basic overview of the regulation of family law relationships and its institutions in the main jurisdictions of the Western civilizational sphere, i.e., in the continental and Anglo-American legal families. At the same time, they become familiar with the basic case law of the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) concerning family law relationships and its influence on domestic legal regulation of family law relationships.

Knowledge: After successfully completing the course, the student will understand the basic concepts, principles, and institutions of family law in various legal systems. They will also gain an overview of different approaches to the legal regulation of family relationships and will be able to compare legal norms and solutions across different legal orders. The student will be familiar with legally recognized relationships and will be able to characterize the formation, validity, invalidity, and dissolution of marriage and other legally recognized relationships in different legal cultures. They will also understand property relations, enabling them to gain knowledge of different property regimes between subjects of family law, for example between spouses or registered partners, from a comparative perspective. In addition, the student will understand parent-child relationships, including the legal regulation of determining maternity and paternity, as well as specific issues such as surrogacy and the child’s right to know their origin. In this context, the student will be acquainted with key case law of the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR), which shapes these rights in the European context. They will also have an overview of parental rights and responsibilities, gaining knowledge of the scope of rights and obligations between parents and children, including parental responsibility and interventions in its exercise, with an emphasis on relevant ECHR decisions. The student will also master the issues of maintenance obligations and adoption, meaning they will understand their legal regulation. Finally, they will understand the influence of the ECHR in the interpretation and enforcement of these rights.

Skills: A graduate of the course will be able to analyze and compare—systematically analyze and critically compare—the legal regulation of family relationships in different legal systems, taking into account the influence of ECHR case law. They will be able to identify legal problems, recognize and formulate legal issues related to family relationships, and propose solutions. They will know how to search for and interpret legal norms, effectively finding and interpreting legislation and case law related to family law in different jurisdictions, including ECHR decisions. They will also be able to argue and justify, present legal arguments, and substantiate their positions in complex family law cases with reference to relevant case law. Furthermore, they will be able to resolve situations and propose solutions with regard to principles recognized by the ECHR. Finally, they will be able to write legal texts, including drafting legal analyses and opinions in the field of family law, taking into account ECHR case law.

Responsibility and independence: The student will be able to work independently, analyze more complex legal problems in the field of family law, formulate solutions, and search for necessary information, including information on ECHR case law. They will be able to make decisions in ethical dilemmas, be aware of ethical aspects of family law, and take into account the best interests of the child and other affected persons in accordance with principles protected by European courts. They will also be able to effectively cooperate within a team in solving complex legal cases, contributing their knowledge of family law.