CMOREJ, Pavel. Úvod do logickej syntaxe a sémantiky. [Introduction to Logical Syntax and Semantics.] Bratislava: Iris, 2001. ISBN 80-89018-19-X.

SOAMES, Scott. Reference and Description, 2007. ISBN 978-0-691-13099-6.

ZOUHAR, Marián. Rigidná designácia: metafyzická téma vo filozofii jazyka. [Rigid Designation: A Metaphysical Topic in the Philosophy of Language] Bratislava: Infopress, 2006. ISBN 80-85402-79-3.

ZOUHAR, Marián. Medzi sémantikou a epistemológiou jazyka. [Between Semantics and Epistemology of Language.] Bratislava: aleph, 2010. ISBN 978-80-89491-01-8.

During semester: homework (20 pts), presentation of a selected topic at a seminar (30 pts); After semester: essay, 4 - 6 standard pages (50 pts); Classification scale: A: 100 - 93 pts; B: 92 - 85 pts; C: 84 - 77 pts; D: 76 - 69 pts; E: 68 - 61 pts; Fx: 60 - 0 pts.

Violation of academic ethics may result in the cancellation of the obtained points in the relevant evaluation item.

Slovak, English

Philosophical reflection of language. Philosophy of language versus linguistics versus theory of communication. Language and expression. Expression and meaning. Language and language use. Natural language semantics; pragmatics of natural language - competencies and differences. Propositions and truth conditions. Theory of reference and singular expressions. Proper names, singular descriptions, indexical expressions. Russell's theory of descriptions versus Frege's theory of descriptions. Uses of descriptions - referential, attributive. Description theory of proper names. Causal theory of proper names. Rigid designation. Semantics of indexical expressions.

50/50

By completing the course students gain knowledge about the basic problems and concepts of philosophy of language, theory of meaning and use of language. In general, the course enables students to reflect on the philosophical aspects of language and its use. Since the subject has a partially interdisciplinary character, students gain knowledge they can use in their work in other scientific disciplines.

1. Frede, M.: Stoische logik. Goetingen, 1974. 2. Gahér, F.: Stoická sémantika a logika z pohľadu intenzionálnej logiky. UK Bratislava, 2006. ISBN 80- 223-2188-5. 3. Marko, Vladimír: Diodorus´ Master argument. Dizertácia, UK Bratislava, 1997 4. Sextus Empiricus: Against the Logicians I. –II. Cambridge Texts in the History of Philosophy, 2006. 5. Sextus Empiryk: Preciw logikom. Warszawa, PWN, 1970.

Continuous during the semester: active participation (20 points), home preparation (20 points); Final grade: summative test (60 points); Grading scale: A: 100-91 points; B: 90-81 points; C: 80-76 points; D: 75-70 points; E: 69-60 points; Fx: 59-0 points. Violation of academic ethics may result in the cancellation of the points earned in the respective grade item.

slovak

english

german

The lekton as the meaning of a linguistic expression, axioms, structurality of the denoted, types of compound axioms. The system of Stoic propositional logic, the meaning of propositional conjunctions. Stoic theory of reasoning. The theory of deduction. Universal proposition in Stoic doctrine and fragment of predicate logic.

40/60

Students are introduced to the foundations of Stoic semantics and logic, its background, characteristics and key concepts, as well as their application to familiar philosophical problems.

BROWN, J. R. The Laboratory of the Mind. Thoughts Experiments in the Natural Sciences. 2nd. ed. New York – London: Routledge, 2011. ISBN 978-0-415-99653-2.

GENDLER, T. S. Thought Experiment. On the Powers and Limits of Imaginary Cases. New York – London: Garland Publishing, Inc, 2000. ISBN 978-1-1389-9033-3.

PICHA, M. Kdyby chyby. Epistemologie myšlenkových experimentů. Olomouc: Nakladatelství Olomouc, 2011. ISBN 978-80-7182-288-2.

PICHA, M. a PICHOVÁ, D. 100 myšlenkových experimentů ve filozofii. Praha: dybbuk, 2013. ISBN 978-80-7438-096-9.

The literature will be provided in an electronic form.

50 % - active participation during the semester (30 points for activities on seminar; 20 points for homework); 50 % the final assignment (an essay); Classification: A: 100 – 93 p.; B: 92 – 85 p.; C: 84 – 77 p.; D: 76 – 69 p.; E: 68 – 60 p.; Fx: 59 – 0 p.

Slovak (seminar work)

Czech (part of literature)

English (part of literature)

Thought experiments and real experiments. The structure of a thought experiment. Typologies of thought experiments. Examples of thought experiments: The Ship of Theseus, Lucretius’ Spear, Galileo’s Gravitational Balls, Descartes’ Demon, Thomson’s Violinist, Achilles and Turtle etc.

50/50

The student is capable of distinguishing among the main approaches to thought-experiment-modelling and she/he knows some classical as well as some specific thought experiments from philosophy and science. Moreover, she/he is able to construct an original thought experiment concerning a particular philosophical claim.

MARX, K. A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy. Available at: https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1859/critique-pol-economy/

MARX, K. Early Writings. London: Penguin, 1975. 978-0-14-044574-9

MARX, K. Grundrisse. Foundations of the Critique of Political Economy (Rough Draft). London: Penguin, 1973. ISBN ‎ 978-0-14-044575-6.

MARX, K. – ENGELS, F. The German Ideology. Available at: https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1845/german-ideology/

SAYER, D.: The Violence of Abstraction. London: Basil Blackwell, 1987. ISBN 978-0-63-115318-4.

Readings will be made available to students in electronic form.

Written assignments (30 pts.), active participation in class (bonus points or points subtracted due to lack of engagement). Grading scale: 100-92% of total: A, 91-84%: B, 83-76%: C, 75–68%: D, 67-60%: E, 59–0%: Fx. A violation of academic integrity may result in the voiding of points earned in the given category.

Slovak

1. Introduction to the sources of Marx's social theory

2. The development of Marx's theory: from the philosophical critique of religion and politics (“early Marx”) to the theory of modern society and critique of political economy (“late Marx”)

3. Principles, problems and variants of the “materialist view of history”

4. Contradictions between Marx's metatheory and scientific practice

5. Marx's influence on 20th century social theory and its methodology

100/0

Students are familiar with the fundaments of Marx's approach to social research. They are able to identify the assumptions underlying Marx's view of society, and assess them critically. They can apply concepts introduced by Marx into social theory and methodology.

MARX, K. Grundrisse. Foundations of the Critique of Political Economy (Rough Draft). London: Penguin, 1973. ISBN 978-0-14-021667-7.

MARX, K. Capital I: A Critique of Political Economy. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1976. ISBN ‎ 978-0-14-044570-1.

RUBIN, I. I. Essays on Marx's Theory of Value. Montréal: Black Rose Books, 1990. ISBN 978-0-91-961818-3.

Readings will be made available to students in electronic form.

Written assignments (30 pts.), active participation in class (bonus points or points subtracted due to lack of engagement). Grading scale: 100-92% of total: A, 91-84%: B, 83-76%: C, 75–68%: D, 67-60%: E, 59–0%: Fx. A violation of academic integrity may result in the voiding of points earned in the given category.

Slovak

1. Introduction to political economy and Marx's critique

2. Marx's analysis of commodity circulation

3. Marx's concept of capital

4. Marx's critique of the “law of appropriation”

5. Epistemological and methodological aspects of Marx's Capital

6. Marx's notion of a critical social science

100/0

Students are familiar with the conceptual system of one of the classics in social theory. They can identify the theoretical assumptions originating in the Marxian approach in other, more modern social theories.

PEREGRIN, Jaroslav. Kapitoly z analytické filosofie. [Chapters from Analytic Philosophy.] Praha: Filosofia, 2005. ISBN 80-7007_207-5.

SOAMES, Scott. Philosophical Analysis in the Twentieth Century. Vol. 1. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2005. ISBN 0-691-12244-X.

WITTGENSTEIN, Ludwig. Tractatus logico-philosophicus. Bratislava: Kalligram, 2003. ISBN 80-7149-600-6.

ZOUHAR, Marián. Problémy jazyka a počiatky analytickej filozofie. [Problems of Language and the Origins of Analytic Philosophy.] Bratislava: aleph, 2010. ISBN 978-80-89491-02-5.

During semester: homework (20 pts), seminar assignments (30 pts); After semester: essay, 4 - 6 standard pages (50 pts); Classification scale: A: 100 - 93 pts; B: 92 - 85 pts; C: 84 - 77 pts; D: 76 - 69 pts; E: 68 - 61 pts; Fx: 60 - 0 pts.

Violation of academic ethics may result in the cancellation of the obtained points in the relevant evaluation item.

Slovak, English

The place of the Tractatus in the context of analytic philosophy. Basic concepts of metaphysics of the Tractatus - world, state of affairs, fact, subject, situation. Metaphysics of the Tractatus as a way of explaining the meaning of language. Image theory of meaning. Logical form. The doctrine of showing. Language as an image. Meaningful sentences versus the sentences of logic and mathematics. Nonsensical strings of words. Language as a source of philosophical problems. The nature of logic and mathematics. Solipsism of the Tractatus. Ethics and aesthetics of the Tractatus.

50/50

Students are acquainted with a key work of modern philosophy and one of the fundamental works of analytic philosophy, Wittgenstein's Tractatus logico-philosophicus. A detailed analysis of the work deepens the ability to critically read and analyze philosophical works.

BOKULICH, A. Explanatory Fictions. In: SUÁREZ, M., ed. Fictions in Science: Philosophical Essays on Modeling and Idealization. London: Routledge, 2009, 91–109. ISBN 978-0-41-588792-2.

JONES, M. R. Idealization and Abstraction: A Framework. In: JONES, M. R. a CARTWRIGHT, N., eds. Idealization XII. Correcting the Model. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 2012, 173–217. ISBN 978-90-420-1955-3.

KNUUTTILA T. Representation, Idealization, and Fiction in Economics. In: SUÁREZ, M., ed. Fictions in Science: Philosophical Essays on Modeling and Idealization. London: Routledge, 2012, 205–231. ISBN 978-0-41-588792-2.

MCMULLIN, E. Galilean Idealization. Studies in History and Philosophy of Science. 1985, 16(3), 247–273. ISSN 0039-3681.

NOWAK, L. Laws of Science, Theories, Measurement. Philosophy of Science. 1972, 39(4), 533–548. ISSN 0031-8248.

ROHWER, Y. – RICE, C. Hypothetical Pattern Idealization and Explanatory Models. Philosophy of Science. 2013, 80(3), 334–355. ISSN 0031-8248.

WEISBERG, M. Three Kinds of Idealization. The Journal of Philosophy. 2007, 104(12), 636–659. ISSN 0022-362X.

Readings will be made available to students in electronic form.

1. written assignments throughout the semester (10 points), 2. in-class presentation (10 pts.), 3. submission of presentation in written form (5 pts.). Grading scale: 100-92% of total: A, 91-84%: B, 83-76%: C, 75–68%: D, 67-60%: E, 59–0%: Fx. A violation of academic integrity may result in the voiding of points earned in the given category.

Slovak (seminars)

English (B2, readings)

1. Abstraction and idealization: a first look

2. Abstraction and idealization in the classical approaches to explanation and laws

3. The Poznan School on idealization

4. McMullin's approach to idealization

5. Weisberg and Jones on idealization

6. Problems of non-Galilean idealization

7. Abstraction and idealization in social-scientific theories

100/0

Students are familiar with the most important approaches to the methods of abstraction and idealization in the philosophy of science, as well as with critical objections to them. Upon finishing the course, students can characterize the ways in which particular scientific theories or models use both mehotds (e.g. to identify idealizing assumptions).

BIELIK, L. Metodologické aspekty vedy. Bratislava: Univerzita Komenského v Bratislave, 2019. ISBN 978-80-223-4788-4.

DALY, Ch. An Introduction to Philosophical Methods. Ontario: Broadview Press, 2010. ISBN 978-1-55111-934-2.

ROSENBERG, A. a MCINTYRE, L. Philosophy of Science. A Contemporary Introduction. 4th ed. New York - London: Routledge, 2020. ISBN 978-1-138-33151-8.

WILLIAMSON, T. Doing Philosophy. From Common Curiosity to Logical Reasoning. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018. ISBN 978-0-19-882251-6.

The literature will be provided in electronic form.

Continuous during the semester: active participation in class and continuous completion of homework: 50 points; Final assessment: final test: 50 points. Violation of academic ethics may result in the nullification of points earned in the appropriate assessment item.

Grading scale: A: 100-93 points; B: 92-85 points; C: 84-77 points; D: 76-69 points; E: 68-60 points; Fx: 59-0 points.

Slovak (class work, part of literature)

English (part of literature)

1. Boundaries between philosophy and science

2. Statements: modal import and sources of knowledge

3. Analytic methods of science and philosophy: defining, inferring and arguing

4. Empirical methods of science

5. Methods of philosophy: thought experiments, conceptual analysis

6. Intuition, common sense and scientific knowledge

7. Scientific theories and philosophical concepts

8. Testing: scientific hypotheses and philosophical theses

9. Naturalized philosophy

50/50

The graduate of the course understands the basics of the theory of science (basic scientific procedures, terminology) and the thought processes of philosophy (deductive and non-deductive reasoning, conceptual analysis, thought experiments, defining, etc.). Can distinguish between descriptive and normative aspects of philosophical and scientific work, understands the differences between scientific and philosophical explanation as well as the differences between testing philosophical and scientific theses.

1. BIELIK, Lukáš: Metodologické aspekty vedy (Methodological aspects of science). Bratislava: Univerzita Komenského v Bratislave, 2019. ISBN 978-80-223-4788-4. 2. GAHÉR, František: Logická sémantika a všeobecná teória prekladu (Logical semantics and general translation theory). Bratislava, Stimul, 2010. URL: https://stella.uniba.sk/texty/fg-lsavtp.pdf ISBN 978-80-89236-97-8. 3. GAHÉR, František: Kontrafaktuály (Counterfactuals). In: Filozofia, 2018, roč. 73, č. 1, s. 36 – 50. ISSN (print) 0046-385X. 4. GAHÉR, František, ŠTEVČEK, Marek, BRAXATORIS, Martin: Nástroje a pravidlá produkcie a interpretácie koncízneho textu (s osobitným zreteľom na normativitu) (Tools and rules for the production and interpretation of a concise text (with special regard to normativity). In: Jazykovedný časopis, 2019, 70 (1), 75 – 94. ISSN (online) 1338-4287. 5. GAHÉR, František: Metódy abstrakcie, idealizácie a konkretizácie v logike: prípad posunutého času vo faktuálných kondicionáloch (Methods of abstraction, idealization and concretization in logic: the case of shifted time in factual conditionals). In: Filozofia, 2020, roč. 75, č. 8, s. 660 – 676. ISSN (print) 0046-385X 6. Gahér, František: Vetné operátory: ich interakcie (s vektormi času, kauzality a epistemickej relevancie) a ich konštrukcie (Sentencial operators: their interactions (with vectors of time, causality and epistemic relevance) and their constructions). In: Jazykovedný časopis. 2020, Roč. 71, č. 2, s. 197-212. ISSN (online) 1338-4287. 7. Zouhar, Marian: Význam v kontexte (Meaning in Context). Aleph, Bratislava, 2011, ISBN 9788089491070.

Continuous during the semester: active participation (20 points), home preparation (20 points); Final grade: summative test (60 points); Grading scale: A: 100-91 points; B: 90-81 points; C: 80-76 points; D: 75-70 points; E: 69-60 points; Fx: 59-0 points. Violation of academic ethics may result in the cancellation of the points earned in the respective grade item.

slovak

Traditional semantics: concept name versus concept; concept versus idea associated with concept name; concept content and scope, conceptual features, scope ratios of concepts. Principles of logical semantics (LS) for the analysis of natural language - p. effective communication, p. objectivity of the meaning of an expression, p. competent language user (practical mastery of the rules of language, basic ability to reason (logically), knowledge base - knowledge of the core lexis of the language, the range of analytical truths and empirical truths that are relevant to the text being analysed, p. p. of complete meaning, p. of compositionality (compositionality) of meaning, p. of predication and supposition de dicto and de re, Parmenides' (Frege's) principle of what a sentence is about, p. of substitutability (Leibniz's principle of salva veritate), p. of posibilism (anti-actualism). Theory of meaning (TM): extensional versus intensional TM; the de dicto and de re substitution of expressions; logical versus linguistic synonymy of expressions. Hyperintentional TM (epistemic and doxastic attitudes; types of contexts) and structuration of meanings of expressions - meaning of expression as a structured procedure. Interaction of logical operators and vectors of condition (and its facticity or irreality), time and relevance (factual, hypothetical and counterfactual conditionals; deductive and abductive predication and retrodiction). Violation of LS principles: idioms, metaphors, oxymorons, privative modifiers. Distortion of the validity of LS principles in condensed text: sentence elision (entymeme), word and phrase elision, intra-textual referencing; rules for the formation of elisions and references, and rules for the reconstruction of condensed and unconstrained texts.

40/60

Students deepened their knowledge in the field of logical semantics, its principles, became familiar with linguistic phenomena that violate the principles of logical semantics and linguistic phenomena that distort these principles, and became familiar with the rules of creating and reconstructing compacted texts.

Selected texts by key authors (Dilthey, Weber, Schuetz, Mead, Becker, Garfinkel, Winch and Geertz) published in the four-volume anthology:

DAVID, M. ed. Methods of Interpretive Sociology. London: SAGE Publications, 2010. ISBN 978-18-4787-947-9.

Secondary literature:

BEVIR, M. and BLAKELY, J. Interpretive Social Science : An Anti-Naturalist Approach. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018. ISBN 978-01-9883-294-2.

MATTICK JR., P. Social Knowledge : An Essay on the Limits of Social Science. London: Hutchinson, 1986. ISBN 0-09-165460-2.

Readings will be made available to students in electronic form.

Active participation in seminars, written assignments throughout the semester (15 pts.), in-class presentation (also submitted in written form; 15 pts.). Grading scale: 100-92% of total: A, 91-84%: B, 83-76%: C, 75–68%: D, 67-60%: E, 59–0%: Fx. A violation of academic integrity will result in the voiding of points in the given category. A violation of academic integrity may result in the voiding of points earned in the given category.

Slovak

English (B2, required for readings)

1. Interpretivism, anti-positivism, anti-naturalism and intentionalism: A terminological introduction

2. Origins of interpretivism in the 19th century "debates on method" (W. Dilthey, neo-Kantianism)

3. M. Weber's "verstehende Soziologie"

4. A. Schuetz's fenomenological sociology

5. Symbolic interactionism (G. H. Mead, H. S. Becker)

6. Ethnomethodology (H. Garfinkel)

7. The culturalist turn in anthropology and problems of "translation" (P. Winch, C. Geertz)

8. Contemporary empiricist critiques of interpretivism

9. Interpretivism vs. critical theory

100/0

Students can characterize the basic assumptions of one of the main research strategies in social science. They are able to draw comparisons between the various forms of interpretivism and situate them in a wider context of philosophical debates, as well as critically assess the arguments in favor or against them. They can also identify interpretivist theses in social-scientific texts.